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in Proceedings of the fifth National Seminar on Horticulture June 9-10, 2008 / Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC) (Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal)
Title : Employment and Income Generation Through Horticultural Industries Material Type: printed text Authors: Thapa, Prahlad Kumar, Author Pagination: 34-45 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: elasticity, gross domestic products, income, labour employment and
productivityAbstract: Agriculture is the main occupation of the majority of the population of Nepal. As
agricultural labour productivity is low it is the main reason for widespread poverty. This
clearly shows that there is a need to enhance total agricultural productivity to enhance
agricultural labour productivity. In view of the diverse agro-ecological zones and growing
markets, horticulture is a promising sector· to enhance employment and income to
expedite the pace of agricultural growth in Nepal. Agriculture contributes 33 percent to
GOP and lwrticulture contributes 21 percent to AGDP. There is high growth of labour
force (2.6%) while employment opportunity is low (5% unemployed and 22 percent
underemployed). Underemployment is largely due to self employment in agriculture. In
such a situation increasing wage and employment is not possible at the same time. Under
such circumstance, there is a need to enhance agricultural productivity. Increasing
agricultural productivity would be possible by adopting comparatively high income
generating commodities like replacing traditional cereal crops by horticultural crops.
Horticultural crops have high income elasticity (about 0.5). There is a large trade deficit of
horticultural commodities. On the production side, horticultural crops give higher returns
(about twice) and greater employment (about 1.5 times) than traditional cereal crops. The
development potential is still under-harnessed, due to which Nepal is importing large
quantities of fruits and vegetables from India. Despite its current contribution and potential
future, the importance of horticulture has not received due priority in the agricultural
development policies. Hence, it is recommended that development policy should focus on
horticulture to enhance employment and income generating opportunities in the country.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=201 Employment and Income Generation Through Horticultural Industries [printed text] / Thapa, Prahlad Kumar, Author . - [s.d.] . - 34-45 p.
in Proceedings of the fifth National Seminar on Horticulture June 9-10, 2008 / Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC) (Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal)
Languages : English (eng)
Keywords: elasticity, gross domestic products, income, labour employment and
productivityAbstract: Agriculture is the main occupation of the majority of the population of Nepal. As
agricultural labour productivity is low it is the main reason for widespread poverty. This
clearly shows that there is a need to enhance total agricultural productivity to enhance
agricultural labour productivity. In view of the diverse agro-ecological zones and growing
markets, horticulture is a promising sector· to enhance employment and income to
expedite the pace of agricultural growth in Nepal. Agriculture contributes 33 percent to
GOP and lwrticulture contributes 21 percent to AGDP. There is high growth of labour
force (2.6%) while employment opportunity is low (5% unemployed and 22 percent
underemployed). Underemployment is largely due to self employment in agriculture. In
such a situation increasing wage and employment is not possible at the same time. Under
such circumstance, there is a need to enhance agricultural productivity. Increasing
agricultural productivity would be possible by adopting comparatively high income
generating commodities like replacing traditional cereal crops by horticultural crops.
Horticultural crops have high income elasticity (about 0.5). There is a large trade deficit of
horticultural commodities. On the production side, horticultural crops give higher returns
(about twice) and greater employment (about 1.5 times) than traditional cereal crops. The
development potential is still under-harnessed, due to which Nepal is importing large
quantities of fruits and vegetables from India. Despite its current contribution and potential
future, the importance of horticulture has not received due priority in the agricultural
development policies. Hence, it is recommended that development policy should focus on
horticulture to enhance employment and income generating opportunities in the country.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=201 E-copies
http://nkcs.org.np/narc/dl/?r=201URLMandarin Production, Contribution in Household Income and Livelihood of Mandarin Farmers in the Eastern Hills of Nepal: a Case Study of Khoku Vdc Dhankuta District / S Gautam ; Sharma, B ; Nepali, M.B. ; S.P. Srivastav ; S Amatya
in Advancing horticultural research for development. Proceedings of the 7th National Horticulture Seminar , Khumaltar, Lalitpur, 12-14 June 2011 (Jestha 29-31, 2068) / Paudyal, K.P.
Title : Mandarin Production, Contribution in Household Income and Livelihood of Mandarin Farmers in the Eastern Hills of Nepal: a Case Study of Khoku Vdc Dhankuta District Material Type: printed text Authors: S Gautam, Author ; Sharma, B, Author ; Nepali, M.B., Author ; S.P. Srivastav, Author ; S Amatya, Author Pagination: 42-46 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: productive area, production, prominent, household income, greening diseases, Abstract: Mandarin is one of the important cash generating fruit crop in the hills of Nepal. The productive
area of mandarin in Nepal is 14601 hectare and annual production is 174868 these area and
production are more than double of that of /0 years before. Khoku, One of the prominent mandarin
growing villages of Dhankuta District, has been selected to conduct PRA survey in order to analyze
mandarin production and contribution in household income and constraints. The study was
initiated with the identification and selection of key sites under the command areas and group
discussion was made with the concern farmers. In the PRA survey, almost 30 farmers participated
In the study area, 32 % of the total annual income is contributed by mandarin followed by 30 %
non-farm activities (job salary, carpentry and remittance), I 3 %cereal crops and 10% livestock.
Annual sell of mandarin in each household ranges from Rs 30000 to Rs 250000. Mandarin is sold
on the contract basis. Most of farmers make the contract during the time of harvest. However, few
farmers make the contract prior to harvesting lime. Regarding the farm management practice,
compost is used each year by all farmers. Sulphur is sprayed only by 5 %farmers and no chemical
fertilizer is used Farmers suspected the greening diseases in some trees of several farm. Sample
has been collected and sent to NAST in order to make sure the diseases. However, farmers couldn't
get the result so far.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=1632 Mandarin Production, Contribution in Household Income and Livelihood of Mandarin Farmers in the Eastern Hills of Nepal: a Case Study of Khoku Vdc Dhankuta District [printed text] / S Gautam, Author ; Sharma, B, Author ; Nepali, M.B., Author ; S.P. Srivastav, Author ; S Amatya, Author . - [s.d.] . - 42-46 p.
in Advancing horticultural research for development. Proceedings of the 7th National Horticulture Seminar , Khumaltar, Lalitpur, 12-14 June 2011 (Jestha 29-31, 2068) / Paudyal, K.P.
Languages : English (eng)
Keywords: productive area, production, prominent, household income, greening diseases, Abstract: Mandarin is one of the important cash generating fruit crop in the hills of Nepal. The productive
area of mandarin in Nepal is 14601 hectare and annual production is 174868 these area and
production are more than double of that of /0 years before. Khoku, One of the prominent mandarin
growing villages of Dhankuta District, has been selected to conduct PRA survey in order to analyze
mandarin production and contribution in household income and constraints. The study was
initiated with the identification and selection of key sites under the command areas and group
discussion was made with the concern farmers. In the PRA survey, almost 30 farmers participated
In the study area, 32 % of the total annual income is contributed by mandarin followed by 30 %
non-farm activities (job salary, carpentry and remittance), I 3 %cereal crops and 10% livestock.
Annual sell of mandarin in each household ranges from Rs 30000 to Rs 250000. Mandarin is sold
on the contract basis. Most of farmers make the contract during the time of harvest. However, few
farmers make the contract prior to harvesting lime. Regarding the farm management practice,
compost is used each year by all farmers. Sulphur is sprayed only by 5 %farmers and no chemical
fertilizer is used Farmers suspected the greening diseases in some trees of several farm. Sample
has been collected and sent to NAST in order to make sure the diseases. However, farmers couldn't
get the result so far.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=1632 E-copies
http://nkcs.org.np/narc/dl/?r=1632URL
Title : Evaluation of Cucumber Genotypes Under Plastic House Environment Material Type: printed text Authors: K. P. Upadhyay, Author ; Gautam, I.P., Author ; J.N. Chaudhary, Author ; B. Khatri, Author Pagination: 352-358 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: cucumber, genotypes, income, off-season, plastic house Abstract: An experiment was conducted at Hemja ami Lumle during late winter-spring-summer season
in 2003 to identify suitable high yielding cucumber genotypes under plastic environment and
to assess economic viability of the effectiveness of plastic house technology over open field
for off-season cucumber production. Experiment was conducted in a Randomized complete
block design with seven genotypes replicated thrice. The plot size was maintained in 9 m2 (2
rows of 1.5 meter length). The results show a statistically significmzt difference in yield of the
genotypes at Lumle and a highly significant difference at Hemja. Among the tested genotypes,
Mohico Green Long (45.5 t/ha) was found superior to others at Lumle for its fruit yield that was
at par with Rishing Local (39.7 tlha) mul Kusu/e (30.0 tllza). At Hemja, Bhaktapur Local (60.97
tlha) was superior to others for its fmit yield and was at par with Paundur Local (58. I 3 tllw)
and Mohico Green Long (51 .0 tlha). Economic analysis revealed that there was 90.7%
increase in fruit yield and 22.96 % increase in net income from cucumber cultivated under
plastic house tlzan that in open field. This result indicated that the cucumber production
under plastic house is more beneficial than that in open field condition.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=570 Evaluation of Cucumber Genotypes Under Plastic House Environment [printed text] / K. P. Upadhyay, Author ; Gautam, I.P., Author ; J.N. Chaudhary, Author ; B. Khatri, Author . - [s.d.] . - 352-358 p.
Languages : English (eng)
Keywords: cucumber, genotypes, income, off-season, plastic house Abstract: An experiment was conducted at Hemja ami Lumle during late winter-spring-summer season
in 2003 to identify suitable high yielding cucumber genotypes under plastic environment and
to assess economic viability of the effectiveness of plastic house technology over open field
for off-season cucumber production. Experiment was conducted in a Randomized complete
block design with seven genotypes replicated thrice. The plot size was maintained in 9 m2 (2
rows of 1.5 meter length). The results show a statistically significmzt difference in yield of the
genotypes at Lumle and a highly significant difference at Hemja. Among the tested genotypes,
Mohico Green Long (45.5 t/ha) was found superior to others at Lumle for its fruit yield that was
at par with Rishing Local (39.7 tlha) mul Kusu/e (30.0 tllza). At Hemja, Bhaktapur Local (60.97
tlha) was superior to others for its fmit yield and was at par with Paundur Local (58. I 3 tllw)
and Mohico Green Long (51 .0 tlha). Economic analysis revealed that there was 90.7%
increase in fruit yield and 22.96 % increase in net income from cucumber cultivated under
plastic house tlzan that in open field. This result indicated that the cucumber production
under plastic house is more beneficial than that in open field condition.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=570 E-copies
http://nkcs.org.np/narc/dl/?r=570URL
in Advancing horticultural research for development. Proceedings of the 7th National Horticulture Seminar , Khumaltar, Lalitpur, 12-14 June 2011 (Jestha 29-31, 2068) / Paudyal, K.P.
Title : Economic Analysis of Commercial Potato Cultivation in Kusadevi, Kavre Material Type: printed text Authors: Govinda P. Sharma, Author ; Tulasi Gautam, Author ; Shambhu. P. Dhakal, Author ; Shyam P. Dhakal, Author Pagination: 117-125 p.benefit/cost ratio; commercial potato; cost of cultivation; farm gate price; Kavre district, net farm income, return on investment, small farmers Languages : English (eng) Keywords: benefit/cost ratio; commercial potato; cost of cultivation; farm gate price; Kavre
district, net income, return on investment, small farmersAbstract: A study was conducted to assess the economic profitability of commercial potato (mairz season)
cultivation among farmers of KusaDevi, Kavre. Potato forms one of the major agriculture
enterprises with summer production as major share and other being autumn season. Farmers were
selected randomly and were provided with daily farm record format jointly developed by NPDP
and MRSMP. Data were filled by farmers and verified by regular supervision from NPDP
throughout the crop season for use of inputs and yield whereas information regarding farming,
command area, marketing and other relevant information were obtained by focused group
discussion. Quantitative data were analyzed using MS Excel and SPSS 16. The total investment per
ropany (500m1
) was found approximately 9530 NRs of which household resources accounted 69%
share and remaining being direct cash investment. The blc ratio was approximately 1.32 and 1.77
and ROI was found 0.32 and 0. 77 at the farm-gate price (FGP) at harvesting time and most
common selling price respectively. Farmers' product price varied greatly with their retention
capacity, storage availability and dealing with traders at local and distant markets such as
Kalimati and other wholesale markets of Kathmandu valley. Seed, fertilizer and labor ranked first,
second and third respectively by share of investment in potato cultivation. Cost of cultivation
particularly seed potato, fertilizer and labor cost in one hand; and the yield and FGP of fresh
potato as well as its demand pressure from market on other hand were the major factors
determining the net economic return to the farmers.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=1652 Economic Analysis of Commercial Potato Cultivation in Kusadevi, Kavre [printed text] / Govinda P. Sharma, Author ; Tulasi Gautam, Author ; Shambhu. P. Dhakal, Author ; Shyam P. Dhakal, Author . - [s.d.] . - 117-125 p.benefit/cost ratio; commercial potato; cost of cultivation; farm gate price; Kavre district, net farm income, return on investment, small farmers.
in Advancing horticultural research for development. Proceedings of the 7th National Horticulture Seminar , Khumaltar, Lalitpur, 12-14 June 2011 (Jestha 29-31, 2068) / Paudyal, K.P.
Languages : English (eng)
Keywords: benefit/cost ratio; commercial potato; cost of cultivation; farm gate price; Kavre
district, net income, return on investment, small farmersAbstract: A study was conducted to assess the economic profitability of commercial potato (mairz season)
cultivation among farmers of KusaDevi, Kavre. Potato forms one of the major agriculture
enterprises with summer production as major share and other being autumn season. Farmers were
selected randomly and were provided with daily farm record format jointly developed by NPDP
and MRSMP. Data were filled by farmers and verified by regular supervision from NPDP
throughout the crop season for use of inputs and yield whereas information regarding farming,
command area, marketing and other relevant information were obtained by focused group
discussion. Quantitative data were analyzed using MS Excel and SPSS 16. The total investment per
ropany (500m1
) was found approximately 9530 NRs of which household resources accounted 69%
share and remaining being direct cash investment. The blc ratio was approximately 1.32 and 1.77
and ROI was found 0.32 and 0. 77 at the farm-gate price (FGP) at harvesting time and most
common selling price respectively. Farmers' product price varied greatly with their retention
capacity, storage availability and dealing with traders at local and distant markets such as
Kalimati and other wholesale markets of Kathmandu valley. Seed, fertilizer and labor ranked first,
second and third respectively by share of investment in potato cultivation. Cost of cultivation
particularly seed potato, fertilizer and labor cost in one hand; and the yield and FGP of fresh
potato as well as its demand pressure from market on other hand were the major factors
determining the net economic return to the farmers.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=1652 E-copies
http://nkcs.org.np/narc/dl/?r=1652URL
in Proceedigs of the Eighth National Horticulture Seminar on Horticulture Development Towards the Pace of National Economic Growth, Khumaltar, Lalitpur and Kirtipur, Kathmandu, 18-20 March 2013 (5-7 Chaitra 2069) / Nepal Horticulture Society
Title : Integrated Home Garden for Enhancing Livelihoods of Smallholders Material Type: printed text Authors: Roshan Pudasaini,, Author ; Suman S. Manandhar,, Author ; Ram B. Rana, Author ; Chaudhary, Pashupati, Author Pagination: 149-154 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Home Garden, Nutrition, Income, Disadvantaged groups, Empowerment Abstract: Agriculture is the mainstay of livelihoods for more than 60% of the population in Nepal. More than
50% of farming households own less than I ha of land that is often insufficient to feed their family
throughout the year. LI-BIRD has been implementing the Home Garden project in Nepal since 2002
with an aim of enhancing nutritional securiiy of smallholders by increasing their on-farm biodiversity
which will increase nutritional security. Approximately, 78% households in Nepal possess home
garden, which occupies only 2-1 I% of the total landholding of an individual household. Although
more than 80% households of Nepal have home gardens with the size less than 0.5 ha, it contributes
60% of the total vegetable and fruit consumption of a family. Integrated home gardens can contribute
to nutritional and economic security of impact group, especially disadvantaged families (discriminated
by caste/gender and economically poor, geographic location) by strengthening their individual and
institutional capacity to effectively manage on-farm agro-biodiversity. ·
Increasing trend of male migration has led women to manage home garden diversity in vegetables,
fruits, small animals, mushroom, and fodder tr.ees in their home gardens, which has subsequently led
to enhanced family dietary diversity. Almost 60% households have added minimum of 10 new species
of vegetables and fruits into their home gardens over the period of three years (2006-08). The
households involved in sale of surplus home garden products have increased from 15% to 78% with
65% of them earning between NRs. 2,000 to NRs. IO,OOO, which signals that home garden could be a
stepping stone for commercialization of agriculture for smallholder farming households. Similarly,
almost 90% of the households that used to buy or borrow vegetables from market or naighbours have
increased self-sufficiency in vegetable and reduced the expenditure for vegetable by at least 50%.
Home garden project has erizpowered women and their leadership & management role is now well
recognized by public and the government.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=1591 Integrated Home Garden for Enhancing Livelihoods of Smallholders [printed text] / Roshan Pudasaini,, Author ; Suman S. Manandhar,, Author ; Ram B. Rana, Author ; Chaudhary, Pashupati, Author . - [s.d.] . - 149-154 p.
in Proceedigs of the Eighth National Horticulture Seminar on Horticulture Development Towards the Pace of National Economic Growth, Khumaltar, Lalitpur and Kirtipur, Kathmandu, 18-20 March 2013 (5-7 Chaitra 2069) / Nepal Horticulture Society
Languages : English (eng)
Keywords: Home Garden, Nutrition, Income, Disadvantaged groups, Empowerment Abstract: Agriculture is the mainstay of livelihoods for more than 60% of the population in Nepal. More than
50% of farming households own less than I ha of land that is often insufficient to feed their family
throughout the year. LI-BIRD has been implementing the Home Garden project in Nepal since 2002
with an aim of enhancing nutritional securiiy of smallholders by increasing their on-farm biodiversity
which will increase nutritional security. Approximately, 78% households in Nepal possess home
garden, which occupies only 2-1 I% of the total landholding of an individual household. Although
more than 80% households of Nepal have home gardens with the size less than 0.5 ha, it contributes
60% of the total vegetable and fruit consumption of a family. Integrated home gardens can contribute
to nutritional and economic security of impact group, especially disadvantaged families (discriminated
by caste/gender and economically poor, geographic location) by strengthening their individual and
institutional capacity to effectively manage on-farm agro-biodiversity. ·
Increasing trend of male migration has led women to manage home garden diversity in vegetables,
fruits, small animals, mushroom, and fodder tr.ees in their home gardens, which has subsequently led
to enhanced family dietary diversity. Almost 60% households have added minimum of 10 new species
of vegetables and fruits into their home gardens over the period of three years (2006-08). The
households involved in sale of surplus home garden products have increased from 15% to 78% with
65% of them earning between NRs. 2,000 to NRs. IO,OOO, which signals that home garden could be a
stepping stone for commercialization of agriculture for smallholder farming households. Similarly,
almost 90% of the households that used to buy or borrow vegetables from market or naighbours have
increased self-sufficiency in vegetable and reduced the expenditure for vegetable by at least 50%.
Home garden project has erizpowered women and their leadership & management role is now well
recognized by public and the government.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=1591 E-copies
http://nkcs.org.np/narc/dl/?r=1591URL
