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Human Urine: A Viable Source of Organic Fertilizer for Vegetable Production in Nepal- A Reivew / Arun Khanal in Nepalese Horticulture, v. 10: 1 ([07/25/2015])

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[article]
inNepalese Horticulture > v. 10: 1 [07/25/2015] . - 108-115 p.
Title : Human Urine: A Viable Source of Organic Fertilizer for Vegetable Production in Nepal- A Reivew
Material Type: printed text
Authors: Arun Khanal, Author ; Manoj Basnet, Author
Publication Date: 2015
Article on page: 108-115 p.
Languages : English (eng)
Keywords: Ammonia, human urine, organic fertilizer, urea, vegetable, yield
Abstract:
Vegetables are the main source of food and nutrition for the increasing population that
should be minimally taken at amount of 75 -125 gram of green leafy vegetables, 85
gram of others vegetables and 85 gram of roots and tubers vegetables every day. The
total vegetable production of Nepal is 3301648 metric tons from total cultivated area
of 246392 hectares. To fulfill the demand of nation and utilize the export potentiality
of seasonal and off season vegetables, there is a need to increase production and
productivity. To increase production farmers are utilizing chemical fertilizer,
improved technology and hybrid varieties a lot. Excessive and haphazard use of
chemical fertilizer brings hazardous effect on health of people, soil, animals and
environment we live. The unnoticed human waste urine that causes environmental
pollution if unutilized could be used safely by the farmers as the alternative to chemical
fertilizer as it is very rich in nutrient content that are essential for plant growth in
available form. Human urine is locally available organic fertilizer that could be used
as alternative source of chemical fertilizer for the production of vegetables with better
product and lessen environmental hazard.

[article] Human Urine: A Viable Source of Organic Fertilizer for Vegetable Production in Nepal- A Reivew [printed text] / Arun Khanal, Author ; Manoj Basnet, Author . - 2015 . - 108-115 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Nepalese Horticulture > v. 10: 1 [07/25/2015] . - 108-115 p.
Keywords: Ammonia, human urine, organic fertilizer, urea, vegetable, yield
Abstract:
Vegetables are the main source of food and nutrition for the increasing population that
should be minimally taken at amount of 75 -125 gram of green leafy vegetables, 85
gram of others vegetables and 85 gram of roots and tubers vegetables every day. The
total vegetable production of Nepal is 3301648 metric tons from total cultivated area
of 246392 hectares. To fulfill the demand of nation and utilize the export potentiality
of seasonal and off season vegetables, there is a need to increase production and
productivity. To increase production farmers are utilizing chemical fertilizer,
improved technology and hybrid varieties a lot. Excessive and haphazard use of
chemical fertilizer brings hazardous effect on health of people, soil, animals and
environment we live. The unnoticed human waste urine that causes environmental
pollution if unutilized could be used safely by the farmers as the alternative to chemical
fertilizer as it is very rich in nutrient content that are essential for plant growth in
available form. Human urine is locally available organic fertilizer that could be used
as alternative source of chemical fertilizer for the production of vegetables with better
product and lessen environmental hazard.

Assessment of factors responsible for yield decline in Toria / T.B Ghimire

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in Agricultural research for enhancing livelihood of Nepalese people: Proceedings of 2nd SAS-N Convention, 30 July-1 Aug 2003, Kathmandu / Joshi, Bal K.

Title : Assessment of factors responsible for yield decline in Toria
Material Type: printed text
Authors: T.B Ghimire, Author
Pagination: 41-46 p.
Languages : English (eng)
Keywords: Fertilizer, pollinator, toria, yield decline
Abstract:
In order to assess the factors responsible for yield decline in Iorio (Brassica rapa syn. Brassica campestris var. toria), field survey was carried out at Bardiya and Dang in 1999 and Chitwan and Bora in 2000 and field trials were conducted at National Oilseed Research Program (NORP), Nawalpur Sarlahi during 1997/98-199912000. Seed yield decline in toria has been realized and felt throughout the torin growing areas of the kingdom. Low or no use of fertilizer and manures, declining inherent soil fertility, non-adoption of plant protection measures, use of local cultivars, lack of irrigation facility and weeds were identified as the major factors responsible for toria yield decline at farmers' field. Pollinators (honey bees) and chemical fertilizers (NPK) were the two main constraints responsible for toria yield decline at National Oilseed Research Program Nawalpur, Sarlahi, which reduced the seed yield by 46.53% and 29.48% respectively. Full package of practice increased the toria seed yield and net return by 95.48 and 27%, respectively compared to farmer’s practices. Honeybees were helpful in seed setting and oil production in toria.

Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=912

in Agricultural research for enhancing livelihood of Nepalese people: Proceedings of 2nd SAS-N Convention, 30 July-1 Aug 2003, Kathmandu / Joshi, Bal K.

Assessment of factors responsible for yield decline in Toria [printed text] / T.B Ghimire, Author . - [s.d.] . - 41-46 p.
Languages : English (eng)
Keywords: Fertilizer, pollinator, toria, yield decline
Abstract:
In order to assess the factors responsible for yield decline in Iorio (Brassica rapa syn. Brassica campestris var. toria), field survey was carried out at Bardiya and Dang in 1999 and Chitwan and Bora in 2000 and field trials were conducted at National Oilseed Research Program (NORP), Nawalpur Sarlahi during 1997/98-199912000. Seed yield decline in toria has been realized and felt throughout the torin growing areas of the kingdom. Low or no use of fertilizer and manures, declining inherent soil fertility, non-adoption of plant protection measures, use of local cultivars, lack of irrigation facility and weeds were identified as the major factors responsible for toria yield decline at farmers' field. Pollinators (honey bees) and chemical fertilizers (NPK) were the two main constraints responsible for toria yield decline at National Oilseed Research Program Nawalpur, Sarlahi, which reduced the seed yield by 46.53% and 29.48% respectively. Full package of practice increased the toria seed yield and net return by 95.48 and 27%, respectively compared to farmer’s practices. Honeybees were helpful in seed setting and oil production in toria.

Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=912
E-copies

http://nkcs.org.np/narc/dl/?r=912
URL

Associative Nitrogen Fixation in Lowland Rice / Raj K. Shrestha in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal, Vol. 6 (2005)

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[article]
inNepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 6 (2005) . - 112-121 p
Title : Associative Nitrogen Fixation in Lowland Rice
Material Type: printed text
Authors: Raj K. Shrestha, Author ; Maskey, S.L., Author
Publication Date: 2005
Article on page: 112-121 p
General note: Review paper
Languages : English (eng)
Keywords: Key words: Fertilizer, fixation, nitrogen, rice
Abstract: Nitrogen (N), a most limiting nutrient, is the input required in the largest quantity for lowland
rice production. The concerns on N economy and efficiency and its impact on environment have
renewed interest in exploring alternative or supplementary N source for sustainable agriculture.
Several studies have indicated the existence of significant rice genotypic differences in N2
fixation stimulating traits (NFS). Rice genotypes with high NFS are desirable because they add N to
the soil-water-plant system without additional farm inputs and reduce dependence on fertilizer.
Large genotypic differences in percent N derived from air (% Ndfa) like 1.5% in Abang Basur, medium
maturing genotype, to 21% in Oking Seroni, late maturing genotype, indicates potential of isolating
genotypes with high NFS for sustainable agriculture. The exogenous supply of nitrogenous fertilizer
to lowland rice significantly inhibited N fixation but improved plant growth. Where as phosphorous
fertilizer did not affect atom % 15N excess and % Ndfa significantly but slight decrease in atom %
15N excess and increase in N2 fixation was observed. Inhibitory effect of exogenous supply of N
fertilizer indicates limited potential of associative N2 fixation to significantly benefit
agriculture. Farmers would have to withhold N fertilizer from their rice crop in order to increase
biological N2-fixation associated with rice. If they do such practice the plants will be N
deficient and might have a lower yield. However, the development of N fixation in response to a
deficiency of available N may well be an integral part of the N cycle of natural ecosystem and low
input farming system there by maintaining a N balance in the environment.

Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=70

[article] Associative Nitrogen Fixation in Lowland Rice [printed text] / Raj K. Shrestha, Author ; Maskey, S.L., Author . - 2005 . - 112-121 p.
Review paper
Languages : English (eng)
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 6 (2005) . - 112-121 p
Keywords: Key words: Fertilizer, fixation, nitrogen, rice
Abstract: Nitrogen (N), a most limiting nutrient, is the input required in the largest quantity for lowland
rice production. The concerns on N economy and efficiency and its impact on environment have
renewed interest in exploring alternative or supplementary N source for sustainable agriculture.
Several studies have indicated the existence of significant rice genotypic differences in N2
fixation stimulating traits (NFS). Rice genotypes with high NFS are desirable because they add N to
the soil-water-plant system without additional farm inputs and reduce dependence on fertilizer.
Large genotypic differences in percent N derived from air (% Ndfa) like 1.5% in Abang Basur, medium
maturing genotype, to 21% in Oking Seroni, late maturing genotype, indicates potential of isolating
genotypes with high NFS for sustainable agriculture. The exogenous supply of nitrogenous fertilizer
to lowland rice significantly inhibited N fixation but improved plant growth. Where as phosphorous
fertilizer did not affect atom % 15N excess and % Ndfa significantly but slight decrease in atom %
15N excess and increase in N2 fixation was observed. Inhibitory effect of exogenous supply of N
fertilizer indicates limited potential of associative N2 fixation to significantly benefit
agriculture. Farmers would have to withhold N fertilizer from their rice crop in order to increase
biological N2-fixation associated with rice. If they do such practice the plants will be N
deficient and might have a lower yield. However, the development of N fixation in response to a
deficiency of available N may well be an integral part of the N cycle of natural ecosystem and low
input farming system there by maintaining a N balance in the environment.

Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=70

Effect of Alone or in Combination of Natural· and Synthetic Media of Nutrient · Supply· on the Yield of Cauliflower (Brasslca 0/eracea Var Botrytls) / Madhu S. Ghale

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in Proceedings of the fifth National Seminar on Horticulture June 9-10, 2008 / Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC) (Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal)

Title : Effect of Alone or in Combination of Natural· and Synthetic Media of Nutrient · Supply· on the Yield of Cauliflower (Brasslca 0/eracea Var Botrytls)
Material Type: printed text
Authors: Madhu S. Ghale, Author
Pagination: 251-253 p.
Languages : English (eng)
Keywords: Bio-fertilizer, cauliflower, chemical fertilizer, chicken manure, yield
Abstract:
· An experiment was conducted in cauliflower variety Snow Majestic to observe .the
effect of single or combined synthetic media of nutrient supply durif!g BS 206.1 and_
BS 2062 ·at -Agricultural Research Station (Horticulture), Malepatan of Pokfiara ..
Randomized complete block design was employed for the experimen_t .·and the
treatments· were replicated 3 times. Different media of nutrients namely compost,
chicken litter, ·bio fertilizer ~nd_ chemical fertilizer and ·n~ combination were us~d as
treatments. Row to row and plant to plant spacing were. given 60x60cm respectively.
Combination of chicken litter + bio fertilizer + chemical fertilizer produce more
biomass {2.75kg) per plant, number of leaves {19.33) per plant, weight of the single
curd (1.47 kg) and yield {28.24 t/ha) which is statistically different over the other
treatment combinations except chicken litter + mineral fertilizer. Combination of
chicken litter+ chemical fertilizer (produce 2.74 kg biomass, 19.17 number of leaves,
1.41 kg single curd and 22.97 t/ha) without bio fertilizer remained at par with chicken
litter + mineral bio fertilizer + chemical fertilizer. Use of bio fertilizer found ineffective
in all the parameters.

Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=256

in Proceedings of the fifth National Seminar on Horticulture June 9-10, 2008 / Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC) (Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal)

Effect of Alone or in Combination of Natural· and Synthetic Media of Nutrient · Supply· on the Yield of Cauliflower (Brasslca 0/eracea Var Botrytls) [printed text] / Madhu S. Ghale, Author . - [s.d.] . - 251-253 p.
Languages : English (eng)
Keywords: Bio-fertilizer, cauliflower, chemical fertilizer, chicken manure, yield
Abstract:
· An experiment was conducted in cauliflower variety Snow Majestic to observe .the
effect of single or combined synthetic media of nutrient supply durif!g BS 206.1 and_
BS 2062 ·at -Agricultural Research Station (Horticulture), Malepatan of Pokfiara ..
Randomized complete block design was employed for the experimen_t .·and the
treatments· were replicated 3 times. Different media of nutrients namely compost,
chicken litter, ·bio fertilizer ~nd_ chemical fertilizer and ·n~ combination were us~d as
treatments. Row to row and plant to plant spacing were. given 60x60cm respectively.
Combination of chicken litter + bio fertilizer + chemical fertilizer produce more
biomass {2.75kg) per plant, number of leaves {19.33) per plant, weight of the single
curd (1.47 kg) and yield {28.24 t/ha) which is statistically different over the other
treatment combinations except chicken litter + mineral fertilizer. Combination of
chicken litter+ chemical fertilizer (produce 2.74 kg biomass, 19.17 number of leaves,
1.41 kg single curd and 22.97 t/ha) without bio fertilizer remained at par with chicken
litter + mineral bio fertilizer + chemical fertilizer. Use of bio fertilizer found ineffective
in all the parameters.

Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=256
E-copies

http://nkcs.org.np/narc/dl/?r=256
URL

Efficacy of Jeevatu Jhol Mal (JJM) to Radish (Raphanussativus L.)production in the Central Valley of Kathmandu / S.K Bajracharya

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in Proceedings of the Second National Soil Fertility Research Workshop, 24-25 March, 2015. Soil Science Division, NARC, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal / Krishna B. Karki

Title : Efficacy of Jeevatu Jhol Mal (JJM) to Radish (Raphanussativus L.)production in the Central Valley of Kathmandu
Material Type: printed text
Authors: S.K Bajracharya, Author ; B. H. Adhikary, Author ; S.K K.C, Author
Pagination: 301-307 p.
Languages : English (eng)
Keywords: Chemical fertilizer, jeevatu jholmal, treated compost, tuber yield of radish.
Abstract:

To evaluate the efficacy of Jeevatu Jhol Mal (JJM) in Radish field experiment was conducted in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and six treatments in Hatiban farm ofnational Potato Research Program, Khumaltar during the year 2070 and 2071. The plot size was 3m x 2m with total plot size of 6 sq. m. The crop was sown in lines with spacing of 30 cm x 10 cm (RR x PP).The main objective of the experiment was to study the effect of Jeevatu Jhol Mal supplied by Nepalese Natural Bio-products Pvt. Ltd.The treatment comprised of control (fertilizer not applied), Jeevatu treated compost (30 t ha-1), compost (30 t ha-1), Jeevatu treated compost (15 t ha-1) plus half dose of recommended chemical fertilizer (50:25:25 N: P2O5:K2O kg ha-1), compost (20 t ha-1) plus full dose of recommended chemical fertilizer (100:50:50 N: P2O5:K2O kg ha-1) and Jeevatu compost (30 t ha-1) plus JM no. 1 & no. 2…………………….

Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=2115

in Proceedings of the Second National Soil Fertility Research Workshop, 24-25 March, 2015. Soil Science Division, NARC, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal / Krishna B. Karki

Efficacy of Jeevatu Jhol Mal (JJM) to Radish (Raphanussativus L.)production in the Central Valley of Kathmandu [printed text] / S.K Bajracharya, Author ; B. H. Adhikary, Author ; S.K K.C, Author . - [s.d.] . - 301-307 p.
Languages : English (eng)
Keywords: Chemical fertilizer, jeevatu jholmal, treated compost, tuber yield of radish.
Abstract:

To evaluate the efficacy of Jeevatu Jhol Mal (JJM) in Radish field experiment was conducted in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and six treatments in Hatiban farm ofnational Potato Research Program, Khumaltar during the year 2070 and 2071. The plot size was 3m x 2m with total plot size of 6 sq. m. The crop was sown in lines with spacing of 30 cm x 10 cm (RR x PP).The main objective of the experiment was to study the effect of Jeevatu Jhol Mal supplied by Nepalese Natural Bio-products Pvt. Ltd.The treatment comprised of control (fertilizer not applied), Jeevatu treated compost (30 t ha-1), compost (30 t ha-1), Jeevatu treated compost (15 t ha-1) plus half dose of recommended chemical fertilizer (50:25:25 N: P2O5:K2O kg ha-1), compost (20 t ha-1) plus full dose of recommended chemical fertilizer (100:50:50 N: P2O5:K2O kg ha-1) and Jeevatu compost (30 t ha-1) plus JM no. 1 & no. 2…………………….

Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=2115
E-copies

http://nkcs.org.np/narc/dl/?r=2115
URL

Response of tribeni organic complexal to potato and rice / S.P Vista

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Comparative study of the load carrying ability of Jumli baruwal and polwarth crossbred wethiers. / Gurung, N.K.

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Comparative study of various sheep breeds at Pansaya khola sheep farm, Nuwakot. / Upreti, C.R.

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A comparative study on lamb mortality between polworth cross and baruwal lambs / Karki N. P. S.

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A comparative study on the production performances of the crossbreds (F1) dairy cattle / Shrestha, H.R.

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Early weaning of buffalo calves and its effects on calf and buffalo performance / Singh, D.B.

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Effect of cutting heights on the green matter production of oats. / Pariyar, D.

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Effect of stall feeding and open grazing on growth rate of goats. / Sainju, A.P.

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Effects of mineral supplementation on the fleece weight and liveweight gains of polwarth crossbred weaners, under natural grazing conditions, jumla. / Gurung, N.K.

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Effects on rice straw utilization of treatments with ammonia released from urea and direct feeding (supplementation) with urea by cattle heifers. / Panday, S.B.

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Evaluation of Potato Genotypes in Central Terai / Ghimire, J. ; U. L. Chaudhary ; D.B. Gharti ; R. L. Sah

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Extension of animal health services through animal health workers in Rapti zone: a case study / Singh, S.B.

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Future steps for development of livestock industry of Nepal / Upadhaya R. M.

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Green matter production of oat and legumes in combinations at four levels of nitrogen under rainfed condition. / Shrestha R.P

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High Yielding Determinate Rajma Varieties for Terai of Nepal / Shrestha, R.

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Identification of appropriate leguminous fodder intercropped with different cultivars of oat under rainfed and irrigated condition. / Pariyar, D.

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Impact assessment of revolving funds for veterinary drugs in Dhading Nepal / Neupane S.C.

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Improving manure quality and its use in maize and upland rice production in the hills of Western Nepal / Tripathi, B.P.

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Livestock farmer's group extension approach: an experience of central development region of Nepal. / Thapa D.B

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Livestock feeding systems in the Himalaya: the challenge of multi disciplinary approach / Albert, G.

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