Agro-forestry in Nepal / Sharma, L. P    

Public ISBD in Proceedings of the 3rd national animal science convention; theme environmentally sustainable livestock production for poverty alleviation / Sherchand, Laxman     Title : Agro-forestry in Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: Sharma, L. P Publisher: Kathmandu : Nepal Animal Science Association (NASA) Publication Date: 1997 Pagination: 75-77 .p Keywords: Animal  production;  Pasture;  Feed  crops;  nutrition;  breeding;  Fisheries;  Livestock Abstract: Nepalese mid-hill is a open book for scientist, extension worker and interested farmers ofthe world to learn all about Agro-forestry farming system from animal keeping point ofview. For the first time in Nepal Agro-forestry is defined accordingly. Subtle improvement ofagro-forestry Indigenous Technical Knowledge by Modern Scientific Knowledge (ITK byMSK) and its contribution to alleviate poverty is described Nepal is divided into three parts,but from the point of view of agro-forestry farming system only mid - hill environment issuitable. Emphasis is given on how farmers can have regular income from milk and fruit sale altering over indigenous knowledge of Agro-forestry farming system by modern knowledge.   Contents note: Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=539 in Proceedings of the 3rd national animal science convention; theme environmentally sustainable livestock production for poverty alleviation / Sherchand, Laxman     Agro-forestry in Nepal [printed text] / Sharma, L. P . - Kathmandu : Nepal Animal Science Association (NASA), 1997 . - 75-77 .p. Keywords: Animal  production;  Pasture;  Feed  crops;  nutrition;  breeding;  Fisheries;  Livestock Abstract: Nepalese mid-hill is a open book for scientist, extension worker and interested farmers ofthe world to learn all about Agro-forestry farming system from animal keeping point ofview. For the first time in Nepal Agro-forestry is defined accordingly. Subtle improvement ofagro-forestry Indigenous Technical Knowledge by Modern Scientific Knowledge (ITK byMSK) and its contribution to alleviate poverty is described Nepal is divided into three parts,but from the point of view of agro-forestry farming system only mid - hill environment issuitable. Emphasis is given on how farmers can have regular income from milk and fruit sale altering over indigenous knowledge of Agro-forestry farming system by modern knowledge.   Contents note: Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=539

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Asture development situation and its constraints for livestock production in Nepal / Raul Y    

Public ISBD in Proceedings of the 3rd national animal science convention; theme environmentally sustainable livestock production for poverty alleviation / Sherchand, Laxman     Title : Asture development situation and its constraints for livestock production in Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: Raul Y ; Pradhan D.R, Author ; Ranjit A. S., Author Publisher: Kathmandu : Nepal Animal Science Association (NASA) Publication Date: 1997 Pagination: 78-84 .p Keywords: Animal  production;  Pasture;  Feed  crops;  nutrition;  breeding;  Fisheries;  Livestock Abstract: Forage and pasture production in Nepal has received low priority. Although governmentefforts started during 1950's, their impact has been nominal. Frequent changes in the policy, programs and organizational structure of implementing agencies had affectedforage and pasture development activities in the country. The paper discusses thehistorical perspective of such program, current status constraints and future strategies for improvement in the perspective of ruminant feeds and feeding situation in thecountry.     Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=540 in Proceedings of the 3rd national animal science convention; theme environmentally sustainable livestock production for poverty alleviation / Sherchand, Laxman     Asture development situation and its constraints for livestock production in Nepal [printed text] / Raul Y ; Pradhan D.R, Author ; Ranjit A. S., Author . - Kathmandu : Nepal Animal Science Association (NASA), 1997 . - 78-84 .p. Keywords: Animal  production;  Pasture;  Feed  crops;  nutrition;  breeding;  Fisheries;  Livestock Abstract: Forage and pasture production in Nepal has received low priority. Although governmentefforts started during 1950's, their impact has been nominal. Frequent changes in the policy, programs and organizational structure of implementing agencies had affectedforage and pasture development activities in the country. The paper discusses thehistorical perspective of such program, current status constraints and future strategies for improvement in the perspective of ruminant feeds and feeding situation in thecountry.     Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=540

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Case study: Oat +vetch utilization for milk production. / Pariyar, Dinesh    

Public ISBD in Proceedings of the 3rd national animal science convention; theme environmentally sustainable livestock production for poverty alleviation / Sherchand, Laxman     Title : Case study: Oat +vetch utilization for milk production. Material Type: printed text Authors: Pariyar, Dinesh Publisher: Kathmandu : Nepal Animal Science Association (NASA) Publication Date: 1997 Pagination: 73-74 .p Keywords: Animal  production;  Pasture;  Feed  crops;  nutrition;  breeding;  Fisheries;  Livestock Abstract: The study aims to find out the role of oat in milk production and its contribution to total earning as compared to cereal production from the more land. This case study carried was in a very poor farm where the only source of income was milk selling from as she-buffalo it indicated that a net income of Rs1,538/- per month can be obtained by feeding 8 - 16 Kg oat/ oat + vetch per day. If this level of green fodder can be made available per day  during winter over 33 % reduction in the cost of concentrate can be achieved. At the  same time relief on fodder scarcity during winter can also be  achieved. This case study   has also indicated that winter fodder in association with high yielding livestock and  available market facility could help alleviation poverty at marginal farm level. Contents note: Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=538 in Proceedings of the 3rd national animal science convention; theme environmentally sustainable livestock production for poverty alleviation / Sherchand, Laxman     Case study: Oat +vetch utilization for milk production. [printed text] / Pariyar, Dinesh . - Kathmandu : Nepal Animal Science Association (NASA), 1997 . - 73-74 .p. Keywords: Animal  production;  Pasture;  Feed  crops;  nutrition;  breeding;  Fisheries;  Livestock Abstract: The study aims to find out the role of oat in milk production and its contribution to total earning as compared to cereal production from the more land. This case study carried was in a very poor farm where the only source of income was milk selling from as she-buffalo it indicated that a net income of Rs1,538/- per month can be obtained by feeding 8 - 16 Kg oat/ oat + vetch per day. If this level of green fodder can be made available per day  during winter over 33 % reduction in the cost of concentrate can be achieved. At the  same time relief on fodder scarcity during winter can also be  achieved. This case study   has also indicated that winter fodder in association with high yielding livestock and  available market facility could help alleviation poverty at marginal farm level. Contents note: Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=538

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Degradation characteristics of urea treated and untreated sugarcane bagasse with and without sulphur in male buffaloes / Khanal, R.C.    

Public ISBD in Proceedings of the 3rd national animal science convention; theme environmentally sustainable livestock production for poverty alleviation / Sherchand, Laxman     Title : Degradation characteristics of urea treated and untreated sugarcane bagasse with and without sulphur in male buffaloes Material Type: printed text Authors: Khanal, R.C. ; Perera, A. N. F., Author Publisher: Kathmandu : Nepal Animal Science Association (NASA) Publication Date: 1997 Pagination: 108-115 .p Keywords: Animal  production;  Pasture;  Feed  crops;  nutrition;  breeding;  Fisheries;  Livestock Abstract: Two experiments were conducted to study the degradation characteristics of sugarcane bagasse using 4 castrated crossbred male buffaloes fitted with large ruminal canulae. First experiment was to study the effect of urea treatment and its duration on DM and OM degradation while the second was to study the effect of addition of sulphur on these parameters. Sugarcane bagasse untreated and 4% urea treated and ensiled for 1,4,8 and 12 days (1st expt.) with and without sulphur (2nd expt. ) was used.  Samples were incubated for 0, 8, 16, 24, 48 and 72 h in the rumen of male buffaloes fed para grass(Brachiara brizantha) as the only diet. Degradation characteristics were evaluated by theexponential equation described by McDonald (1981). Urea treatment increased DM degradability from 32% in untreated to above 40% in all urea treated samples. Ensilingduration of more than 4 days did not increase DM degradation. Readily degradable andpotentially degradable fractions were also highest for samples when ensiled for 4 days.Rate of DM degradation (%/h) was from 2.16 to 5.34. When sulphur was added, all theparameters discussed were increased. But 48th h degradability of all urea treatedsamples were close to each other. Degradation of OM was also similar to DM degradation in both the experiments. Since the degradability after 48 h, effective rate ofdegradation, rate of degradation, readily degradable and potentially degradable fractionswere all highest when ensiled for 4 days, it is not necessary to increase the treatmentduration under such condition. However, the rate of degradation was highest whenensiled for  12 days. Addition of sulphur was beneficial in all cases. Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=545 in Proceedings of the 3rd national animal science convention; theme environmentally sustainable livestock production for poverty alleviation / Sherchand, Laxman     Degradation characteristics of urea treated and untreated sugarcane bagasse with and without sulphur in male buffaloes [printed text] / Khanal, R.C. ; Perera, A. N. F., Author . - Kathmandu : Nepal Animal Science Association (NASA), 1997 . - 108-115 .p. Keywords: Animal  production;  Pasture;  Feed  crops;  nutrition;  breeding;  Fisheries;  Livestock Abstract: Two experiments were conducted to study the degradation characteristics of sugarcane bagasse using 4 castrated crossbred male buffaloes fitted with large ruminal canulae. First experiment was to study the effect of urea treatment and its duration on DM and OM degradation while the second was to study the effect of addition of sulphur on these parameters. Sugarcane bagasse untreated and 4% urea treated and ensiled for 1,4,8 and 12 days (1st expt.) with and without sulphur (2nd expt. ) was used.  Samples were incubated for 0, 8, 16, 24, 48 and 72 h in the rumen of male buffaloes fed para grass(Brachiara brizantha) as the only diet. Degradation characteristics were evaluated by theexponential equation described by McDonald (1981). Urea treatment increased DM degradability from 32% in untreated to above 40% in all urea treated samples. Ensilingduration of more than 4 days did not increase DM degradation. Readily degradable andpotentially degradable fractions were also highest for samples when ensiled for 4 days.Rate of DM degradation (%/h) was from 2.16 to 5.34. When sulphur was added, all theparameters discussed were increased. But 48th h degradability of all urea treatedsamples were close to each other. Degradation of OM was also similar to DM degradation in both the experiments. Since the degradability after 48 h, effective rate ofdegradation, rate of degradation, readily degradable and potentially degradable fractionswere all highest when ensiled for 4 days, it is not necessary to increase the treatmentduration under such condition. However, the rate of degradation was highest whenensiled for  12 days. Addition of sulphur was beneficial in all cases. Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=545

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Domestic yak and yak hybrid production system at Beni of Solukhumbu / Shrestha, H.R.    

Public ISBD in Proceedings of the 3rd national animal science convention; theme environmentally sustainable livestock production for poverty alleviation / Sherchand, Laxman     Title : Domestic yak and yak hybrid production system at Beni of Solukhumbu Material Type: printed text Authors: Shrestha, H.R. ; A.Hongo, Author ; Suchiya K.T ; Banamali V, Author Publisher: Kathmandu : Nepal Animal Science Association (NASA) Publication Date: 1997 Pagination: 27-28 .p Keywords: Animal  production;  Pasture;  Feed  crops;  nutrition;  breeding;  Fisheries;  Livestock Abstract: In order to study the Yak/Yak hybrid(Chauri) production  systems and management  of Beni Village Development Committee of Solukhumbu district two field visit programs were completed. Yak raising farmers of 17 household were interviewed going to theirhouses, animals herd and their cottages by using questionnaire. Yak and Yak hybrids arethe main domestic _ animals. The farmers receive milk and milk products from theseanimals as food and the main source of income. Hybrid male (Zopke) is used as pack animals for transport. Hybrid female(Chauri) is reared for  milk production.The feed is deficit at the end of winter season and the beginning of Spring. Farmers do not have easy access to government banks for getting loan for purchasing feed and breeding animals. If loan is available from the local people it is with high percentage of interest. Main  disease  problems are Pneumonia and Diarrhea.Farmers of this area are found with different opinion in Yak/Yak hybrid raising. Somefarmers are taking this profession as an integral part of their livelihood as they don'thave other choices and others to preserve their culture. However, now a days farmers arefound being changed their life style from Yak/Nak to Chauri raising as the later is comparatively easy and comfort life. Annually, the number of Yak raising farmers are decreasing. Sooner or later there is high possibility of yak disappearance from this area. Traditional production and management practices are to be improved by providing training and ordinary dairy equipment. Other alternates are animal health services, bank loan at low interest rate for conserving the endanger species Yak in Nepal.       Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=532 in Proceedings of the 3rd national animal science convention; theme environmentally sustainable livestock production for poverty alleviation / Sherchand, Laxman     Domestic yak and yak hybrid production system at Beni of Solukhumbu [printed text] / Shrestha, H.R. ; A.Hongo, Author ; Suchiya K.T ; Banamali V, Author . - Kathmandu : Nepal Animal Science Association (NASA), 1997 . - 27-28 .p. Keywords: Animal  production;  Pasture;  Feed  crops;  nutrition;  breeding;  Fisheries;  Livestock Abstract: In order to study the Yak/Yak hybrid(Chauri) production  systems and management  of Beni Village Development Committee of Solukhumbu district two field visit programs were completed. Yak raising farmers of 17 household were interviewed going to theirhouses, animals herd and their cottages by using questionnaire. Yak and Yak hybrids arethe main domestic _ animals. The farmers receive milk and milk products from theseanimals as food and the main source of income. Hybrid male (Zopke) is used as pack animals for transport. Hybrid female(Chauri) is reared for  milk production.The feed is deficit at the end of winter season and the beginning of Spring. Farmers do not have easy access to government banks for getting loan for purchasing feed and breeding animals. If loan is available from the local people it is with high percentage of interest. Main  disease  problems are Pneumonia and Diarrhea.Farmers of this area are found with different opinion in Yak/Yak hybrid raising. Somefarmers are taking this profession as an integral part of their livelihood as they don'thave other choices and others to preserve their culture. However, now a days farmers arefound being changed their life style from Yak/Nak to Chauri raising as the later is comparatively easy and comfort life. Annually, the number of Yak raising farmers are decreasing. Sooner or later there is high possibility of yak disappearance from this area. Traditional production and management practices are to be improved by providing training and ordinary dairy equipment. Other alternates are animal health services, bank loan at low interest rate for conserving the endanger species Yak in Nepal.       Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=532

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