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Author Joshi, Bal K. |
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Performance of IRRI bred rice hybrids and future strategy for development of hybrid rice in Nepal / Shambhu Prasad Khatiwada
in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.
Title : Performance of IRRI bred rice hybrids and future strategy for development of hybrid rice in Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: Shambhu Prasad Khatiwada ; Surya Narayan Sah ; Ram Baran Yadaw ; Umesh Sah ; Joshi, Bal K. Pagination: 1-8 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Hybrid rice ; CMS lines strategies; grain yield Abstract: Cultivation of inbred rice varieties is not sufficient to meet the food demand of ever
increasing population of the country. National Rice Research Program, Hardinath evaluated
IRRJ bred rice hybrids through INGER networks in 2004, 2005 and 2012 for identifying high
yielding suitable rice hybrids in the country. The field experiments were conducted in
augmented design, consisting of 31 hybrids and eight checks, replicated five times in 2004,
and 63 hybrids and eight checks, replicated thrice in 2005. In 2012, it was conducted in RCB
design with three replications having 25 hybrids and three check varieties. Grain yield
difference was statistically significant among the hybrids in 2004 but it was not significant in
2005 and 2012. However, remarkable high yielding hybrids were identified each year
compared to checks. In 2004, I I genotypes produced higher yield than Sabitri (4.4 tfha) on
the basis of yield of Sabitri plus standard error of the mean (>4.4 t+0.88) but six hybrids
showed >30 % higher yield than Sabitri i.e. IR80786H and IR79140H by 34%, IR79168H,
IR80633H and TR8078 I H by 36.4% and TR80634H by 50% . Based on the yield plus the
standard error of the mean (5 .2 t+0.88) only IR80634H produced the higher grain yield than
international check IR75207H (5 .2tfha). ln 2005, highest yielding genotypes were IR80635H,
IR81962H, TR80627H and IR81247H that produced the grain yield of 5.7 t/ha, 5.7 tfha, 5.4
tfha and 5.1 tfha, respectively and these three superior yields were in order of 42.5%, 35% and
27.5% higher to the yield of Sabitri. Similarly, in 2012 four hybrids that produced the grain
yield >5.0 tfha were IR90872H (5 .6tfha), IR82391 H (5 .3 tfha), IR82366H (5.1 tfha) and
IRRII67 (5.1 tfha) which were 43 .6%, 35.9% and 30.1% higher to Sabitri (3.9 tfha). These
high yielding hybrids had other desirable agronomic traits to fit in prevailing rice cropping
system. Nepal has recently received the membership to international hybrid rice consortium to
strengthen hybrid rice research in the cotmtry and NARC is eligible to get support for
advancing hybrid rice research from IRRI. NRRP-NARC has formulated the short and long
term strategies for hybrid rice research and development. The short term strategy includes the
identification of introduced hybrids and introduction of their A, B and R lines, while the long
term strategy considers the development of A, B and R lines from own germplasm. In
addition to IRRI, NARC is also looking forward for collaboration with Chinese Government
for hybrid rice development in the country.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=852 Performance of IRRI bred rice hybrids and future strategy for development of hybrid rice in Nepal [printed text] / Shambhu Prasad Khatiwada ; Surya Narayan Sah ; Ram Baran Yadaw ; Umesh Sah ; Joshi, Bal K. . - [s.d.] . - 1-8 p.
in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.
Languages : English (eng)
Keywords: Hybrid rice ; CMS lines strategies; grain yield Abstract: Cultivation of inbred rice varieties is not sufficient to meet the food demand of ever
increasing population of the country. National Rice Research Program, Hardinath evaluated
IRRJ bred rice hybrids through INGER networks in 2004, 2005 and 2012 for identifying high
yielding suitable rice hybrids in the country. The field experiments were conducted in
augmented design, consisting of 31 hybrids and eight checks, replicated five times in 2004,
and 63 hybrids and eight checks, replicated thrice in 2005. In 2012, it was conducted in RCB
design with three replications having 25 hybrids and three check varieties. Grain yield
difference was statistically significant among the hybrids in 2004 but it was not significant in
2005 and 2012. However, remarkable high yielding hybrids were identified each year
compared to checks. In 2004, I I genotypes produced higher yield than Sabitri (4.4 tfha) on
the basis of yield of Sabitri plus standard error of the mean (>4.4 t+0.88) but six hybrids
showed >30 % higher yield than Sabitri i.e. IR80786H and IR79140H by 34%, IR79168H,
IR80633H and TR8078 I H by 36.4% and TR80634H by 50% . Based on the yield plus the
standard error of the mean (5 .2 t+0.88) only IR80634H produced the higher grain yield than
international check IR75207H (5 .2tfha). ln 2005, highest yielding genotypes were IR80635H,
IR81962H, TR80627H and IR81247H that produced the grain yield of 5.7 t/ha, 5.7 tfha, 5.4
tfha and 5.1 tfha, respectively and these three superior yields were in order of 42.5%, 35% and
27.5% higher to the yield of Sabitri. Similarly, in 2012 four hybrids that produced the grain
yield >5.0 tfha were IR90872H (5 .6tfha), IR82391 H (5 .3 tfha), IR82366H (5.1 tfha) and
IRRII67 (5.1 tfha) which were 43 .6%, 35.9% and 30.1% higher to Sabitri (3.9 tfha). These
high yielding hybrids had other desirable agronomic traits to fit in prevailing rice cropping
system. Nepal has recently received the membership to international hybrid rice consortium to
strengthen hybrid rice research in the cotmtry and NARC is eligible to get support for
advancing hybrid rice research from IRRI. NRRP-NARC has formulated the short and long
term strategies for hybrid rice research and development. The short term strategy includes the
identification of introduced hybrids and introduction of their A, B and R lines, while the long
term strategy considers the development of A, B and R lines from own germplasm. In
addition to IRRI, NARC is also looking forward for collaboration with Chinese Government
for hybrid rice development in the country.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=852 E-copies
http://nkcs.org.np/narc/dl/?r=852URL Pollen and Spikelet Analysis in F1 Rice Hybrids and their Parents / Joshi, Bal K. in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal, Vol. 8 (2007)
[article]
Title : Pollen and Spikelet Analysis in F1 Rice Hybrids and their Parents Material Type: printed text Authors: Joshi, Bal K., Author ; Laxmi P. Subedi, Author ; Santa B. Gurung, Author Publication Date: 2007 Article on page: 120-126 p General note: Research note Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Correlation, F1 rice, pollen category, regression coefficient Abstract: Pollen analysis can be used to discriminate between different species, identify possible
interspecies hybrids, identify restorer and maintainer lines, useful to study genetics of
restorer gene, interaction between chromosome and cytoplasm and relationship between
parents. Pollen abortion system of male sterility is an important tool in hybrid rice
production and spikelet is the major yield components. Nine improved cultivars, six
landraces and three wild aborted cytoplasmic-genetic male sterile (CMS) lines were used to
analyze pollen and spikelet in F1 rice hybrids and their parents. The frequency of pollen
categories and its relationship to spikelet fertility were investigated. Pollen sterility of the
F1s was determined by staining pollen grains in 1% potassium iodide-iodine (I-KI) solution.
Spikelet fertility was determined by counting the total number of seed set in proportion to
the total number of spikelets. Correlation and regression coefficients for some traits were
computed. In hybrids, pollen fertility ranged from 0.5 to 82% and spikelet fertility from 0 to
87%. Pollen fertility varied from 28 to 97%, while spikelet fertility from 73 to 91% in pollen
parents. The highest and the lowest percentages of pollen fertility were found in Chaite-6
and Chiunde cultivars respectively. Spikelet fertility percentage varied widely among
hybrids and many hybrids had lower spikelet fertility percentage than their parents.
Therefore, it is of practical importance to understand the causes of high spikelet sterility in
hybrids for possible increase in spikelet fertility. Highly significant positive correlation was
found between stained round fertile (SRF) pollen and spikelet fertility. The positive value of
correlation and regression coefficient on SRF and spikelet fertility were found between F1
and mid parent, and F1 and male parent. High fertility of cross may be due to the presence of
a wide compatibility gene or restorer genes in the cultivar. Lower pollen and spikelet
fertility of the crosses was attributed to effect of the genetic background of the tester parent.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=37
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 120-126 p[article] Pollen and Spikelet Analysis in F1 Rice Hybrids and their Parents [printed text] / Joshi, Bal K., Author ; Laxmi P. Subedi, Author ; Santa B. Gurung, Author . - 2007 . - 120-126 p.
Research note
Languages : English (eng)
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 120-126 p
Keywords: Correlation, F1 rice, pollen category, regression coefficient Abstract: Pollen analysis can be used to discriminate between different species, identify possible
interspecies hybrids, identify restorer and maintainer lines, useful to study genetics of
restorer gene, interaction between chromosome and cytoplasm and relationship between
parents. Pollen abortion system of male sterility is an important tool in hybrid rice
production and spikelet is the major yield components. Nine improved cultivars, six
landraces and three wild aborted cytoplasmic-genetic male sterile (CMS) lines were used to
analyze pollen and spikelet in F1 rice hybrids and their parents. The frequency of pollen
categories and its relationship to spikelet fertility were investigated. Pollen sterility of the
F1s was determined by staining pollen grains in 1% potassium iodide-iodine (I-KI) solution.
Spikelet fertility was determined by counting the total number of seed set in proportion to
the total number of spikelets. Correlation and regression coefficients for some traits were
computed. In hybrids, pollen fertility ranged from 0.5 to 82% and spikelet fertility from 0 to
87%. Pollen fertility varied from 28 to 97%, while spikelet fertility from 73 to 91% in pollen
parents. The highest and the lowest percentages of pollen fertility were found in Chaite-6
and Chiunde cultivars respectively. Spikelet fertility percentage varied widely among
hybrids and many hybrids had lower spikelet fertility percentage than their parents.
Therefore, it is of practical importance to understand the causes of high spikelet sterility in
hybrids for possible increase in spikelet fertility. Highly significant positive correlation was
found between stained round fertile (SRF) pollen and spikelet fertility. The positive value of
correlation and regression coefficient on SRF and spikelet fertility were found between F1
and mid parent, and F1 and male parent. High fertility of cross may be due to the presence of
a wide compatibility gene or restorer genes in the cultivar. Lower pollen and spikelet
fertility of the crosses was attributed to effect of the genetic background of the tester parent.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=37 Red Listing of Agricultural Crop Species, Varieties and Landraces / Joshi, Bal K. in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal, Vol. 5 (2004)
[article]
Title : Red Listing of Agricultural Crop Species, Varieties and Landraces Material Type: printed text Authors: Joshi, Bal K., Author ; ,Upadhyay, Madhusudan, Author ; Gauchan, Devendra, Author ; Sthapit, Bhuwan R., Author ; Joshi, K.D., Author Publication Date: 2004 Article on page: 73-79 p General note: Review article Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Agricultural crops, conservation, on farm, red list category, red-listing criteria Abstract: Red listing mechanism has been developed for wild fauna and flora. There are several
documents illustrating red listed wild fauna and flora. But there is a lack of information on the
red list and red listing criteria of agricultural crop species, varieties or landraces. For initiating
on- farm, in situ and ex situ conservations, red listing is helpful in locating region of crop
species, varieties or landraces diversity. The paper reviewed the red listing criteria used for the
categorization of wild fauna and flora. Categorization of on-farm crop species, varieties and
landraces is based on population, ecological, social, modernization and use criteria. Among
them ecological, social and modernization criteria are useful in selecting location for sampling
materials for ex situ conservation and appropriate sites for in situ conservation. Modernization
and use criteria are suitable for categorization of crop genotypes. Combinations of these criteria
are proposed for red listing crop genotypes and areas.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=84
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 5 (2004) . - 73-79 p[article] Red Listing of Agricultural Crop Species, Varieties and Landraces [printed text] / Joshi, Bal K., Author ; ,Upadhyay, Madhusudan, Author ; Gauchan, Devendra, Author ; Sthapit, Bhuwan R., Author ; Joshi, K.D., Author . - 2004 . - 73-79 p.
Review article
Languages : English (eng)
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 5 (2004) . - 73-79 p
Keywords: Agricultural crops, conservation, on farm, red list category, red-listing criteria Abstract: Red listing mechanism has been developed for wild fauna and flora. There are several
documents illustrating red listed wild fauna and flora. But there is a lack of information on the
red list and red listing criteria of agricultural crop species, varieties or landraces. For initiating
on- farm, in situ and ex situ conservations, red listing is helpful in locating region of crop
species, varieties or landraces diversity. The paper reviewed the red listing criteria used for the
categorization of wild fauna and flora. Categorization of on-farm crop species, varieties and
landraces is based on population, ecological, social, modernization and use criteria. Among
them ecological, social and modernization criteria are useful in selecting location for sampling
materials for ex situ conservation and appropriate sites for in situ conservation. Modernization
and use criteria are suitable for categorization of crop genotypes. Combinations of these criteria
are proposed for red listing crop genotypes and areas.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=84 Rice Gene Pool for Tarai and Inner Tarai Areas of Nepal / Joshi, Bal K. in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal, Vol. 6 (2005)
[article]
Title : Rice Gene Pool for Tarai and Inner Tarai Areas of Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: Joshi, Bal K., Author Publication Date: 2005 Article on page: 10-22 p Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Ancestor, Landrace, Nepalese rice cultivar, Rice gene pool, Tarai and Inner Abstract: Knowledge on crop gene pool helps to develop varieties, to know the potential sources for
breeding materials and to develop strategy for sustainable use and conservation. The amount of
genetic diversity presents depends on the number and diversity of the original ancestors
involved in the creation of a germplasm pool, existing landraces and wild species. The objective
of this research was to study the diversity of rice gene pool present in the Nepalese improved
rice cultivars and landraces adapted to Tarai and Inner Tarai ( Nepalese rice cultivars were examined and surveyed the literature for distribution of landraces
and wild relatives of rice. Crosses among indica rice gene pool are more common and use of
japonica and nivara species were less common. There are 28 improved rice cultivars, >500
landraces, and 6 wild species and relatives of rice adapted to Tarai and Inner Tarai. Eight
countries are the origins for 28 cultivars. In Nepal 4 cultivars were bred and developed using a
local landrace and exotic genotypes. A total of 35 ancestors originated in 11 different countries
were used to develop these 28 cultivars. Highest number of ancestors was from India. Use of
ancestors of both sativa and nivara species having indica and japonica types indicated the
collection of wide gene pool. Most of the ancestors were sativa (60.00%) and indica (65.71%).
Genetic erosion is observed in rice diversity therefore, in situ, on farm and ex situ conservations
are necessary for maintaining the genetic variation. Utilization of local landraces in breeding
program may be the good way of genetic resources conservation. Gene pool from these
landraces along with international gene pool could make towards success in developing high
yielding cultivars with wide adaptability and/or site specific. In this study, cultivars and
landraces surveyed represent a wide range of variation for different areas of origin and
adaptation. This genetic diversity is very useful for further rice improvement and should be
conserved both ex situ and in situ.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=56
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 6 (2005) . - 10-22 p[article] Rice Gene Pool for Tarai and Inner Tarai Areas of Nepal [printed text] / Joshi, Bal K., Author . - 2005 . - 10-22 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 6 (2005) . - 10-22 p
Keywords: Ancestor, Landrace, Nepalese rice cultivar, Rice gene pool, Tarai and Inner Abstract: Knowledge on crop gene pool helps to develop varieties, to know the potential sources for
breeding materials and to develop strategy for sustainable use and conservation. The amount of
genetic diversity presents depends on the number and diversity of the original ancestors
involved in the creation of a germplasm pool, existing landraces and wild species. The objective
of this research was to study the diversity of rice gene pool present in the Nepalese improved
rice cultivars and landraces adapted to Tarai and Inner Tarai ( Nepalese rice cultivars were examined and surveyed the literature for distribution of landraces
and wild relatives of rice. Crosses among indica rice gene pool are more common and use of
japonica and nivara species were less common. There are 28 improved rice cultivars, >500
landraces, and 6 wild species and relatives of rice adapted to Tarai and Inner Tarai. Eight
countries are the origins for 28 cultivars. In Nepal 4 cultivars were bred and developed using a
local landrace and exotic genotypes. A total of 35 ancestors originated in 11 different countries
were used to develop these 28 cultivars. Highest number of ancestors was from India. Use of
ancestors of both sativa and nivara species having indica and japonica types indicated the
collection of wide gene pool. Most of the ancestors were sativa (60.00%) and indica (65.71%).
Genetic erosion is observed in rice diversity therefore, in situ, on farm and ex situ conservations
are necessary for maintaining the genetic variation. Utilization of local landraces in breeding
program may be the good way of genetic resources conservation. Gene pool from these
landraces along with international gene pool could make towards success in developing high
yielding cultivars with wide adaptability and/or site specific. In this study, cultivars and
landraces surveyed represent a wide range of variation for different areas of origin and
adaptation. This genetic diversity is very useful for further rice improvement and should be
conserved both ex situ and in situ.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=56 Wheat Genetic Resources in Nepal / Joshi, Bal K. in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal, Vol. 7 (2006)
[article]
Title : Wheat Genetic Resources in Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: Joshi, Bal K., Author ; Ashok Mudwari, Author ; Madan P. Bhatta, Author Publication Date: 2006 Article on page: 1-9 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Ancestor, landrace, origin, wheat gene pool Abstract: Genetic diversity must be maintained and utilized for sustainable agriculture development. The
amount of genetic diversity in the country depends on the number and diversity of the original
ancestors involved in the creation of a germplasm pool, wild relatives and existing landraces.
The objective of this research was to study the diversity of wheat gene pool present in the
Nepalese bread wheat cultivars and landraces that could help for developing conservation and
utilization strategy effectively. We examined the pedigrees of 35 Nepalese wheat cultivars and
surveyed the literature for distribution of landraces and wild relatives of wheat. Cultivated
landraces of spring and winter type, wild landraces and diploid species of wheat are found in
Nepal. There are 35 improved wheat cultivars, 540 landraces and 10 wild relatives of wheat.
Crosses between winter and spring wheat gene pools are far more common and offer a new
source of diversity. Mexico, India and Nepal are the origin countries for 35 cultivars. In Nepal
four cultivars were bred and developed using foreign landraces and maximum number of
cultivars was developed in Mexico. Lerma 52, first improved cereal variety to be released in the
history of cereal breeding in Nepal was released in 1960. A total of 89 ancestors originated in 22
different countries were used to develop these cultivars. Highest number of ancestors was from
India. Ancestors of both aestivum and durum species having winter, spring and intermediate
growth habit indicated the collection of wide gene pool. Most of the ancestors were aestivum
(76.40%) and spring growth habit (57.31%). Modern varieties are replacing the landraces and
improved old varieties resulted in the genetic erosion. Therefore, in situ, on farm and ex situ
conservations are necessary for maintaining these genetic variations. Unutilization of local
landraces in breeding program may be the major factor that causes to accelerate the genetic
erosion. Gene pool from these landraces along with international gene pool could make towards
success in developing high yielding cultivars with wide adaptability. In this study, cultivars and
landraces surveyed represent a wide range of variation for different areas of origin and
adaptation.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=40
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 7 (2006) . - 1-9 p.[article] Wheat Genetic Resources in Nepal [printed text] / Joshi, Bal K., Author ; Ashok Mudwari, Author ; Madan P. Bhatta, Author . - 2006 . - 1-9 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 7 (2006) . - 1-9 p.
Keywords: Ancestor, landrace, origin, wheat gene pool Abstract: Genetic diversity must be maintained and utilized for sustainable agriculture development. The
amount of genetic diversity in the country depends on the number and diversity of the original
ancestors involved in the creation of a germplasm pool, wild relatives and existing landraces.
The objective of this research was to study the diversity of wheat gene pool present in the
Nepalese bread wheat cultivars and landraces that could help for developing conservation and
utilization strategy effectively. We examined the pedigrees of 35 Nepalese wheat cultivars and
surveyed the literature for distribution of landraces and wild relatives of wheat. Cultivated
landraces of spring and winter type, wild landraces and diploid species of wheat are found in
Nepal. There are 35 improved wheat cultivars, 540 landraces and 10 wild relatives of wheat.
Crosses between winter and spring wheat gene pools are far more common and offer a new
source of diversity. Mexico, India and Nepal are the origin countries for 35 cultivars. In Nepal
four cultivars were bred and developed using foreign landraces and maximum number of
cultivars was developed in Mexico. Lerma 52, first improved cereal variety to be released in the
history of cereal breeding in Nepal was released in 1960. A total of 89 ancestors originated in 22
different countries were used to develop these cultivars. Highest number of ancestors was from
India. Ancestors of both aestivum and durum species having winter, spring and intermediate
growth habit indicated the collection of wide gene pool. Most of the ancestors were aestivum
(76.40%) and spring growth habit (57.31%). Modern varieties are replacing the landraces and
improved old varieties resulted in the genetic erosion. Therefore, in situ, on farm and ex situ
conservations are necessary for maintaining these genetic variations. Unutilization of local
landraces in breeding program may be the major factor that causes to accelerate the genetic
erosion. Gene pool from these landraces along with international gene pool could make towards
success in developing high yielding cultivars with wide adaptability. In this study, cultivars and
landraces surveyed represent a wide range of variation for different areas of origin and
adaptation.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=40 Working groups of Agricultural Plant Genetic Resources (APGRs) in Nepal. Proceedings of a National Workshop 21-22 June 2018, Kathmandu / Joshi, Bal K.Permalink