Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the... Catalogue en ligne

in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

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Title :	National rice research report
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Adhikari, N.P., Editor ; Haridinath, Editor
Publisher:	Hardinath, Janakpur : National Rice Research Programme
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	1-9 p.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Enhancing yield potential of rainfed rice using participatory plant breeding and participatory varietal selection during 2004/05
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Yadaw, R.B., Editor ; Khatiwada, S.P., Editor ; B. Chaudhary, Author ; Akhtar, T., Author ; NP Adhikari, Author ; A Mudwari, Author ; MP Upadhayay, Author ; Baniya, B.K., Author ; Joshi, K.D., Author
Publisher:	Hardinath, Janakpur : National Rice Research Programme
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	10-12 p.
Abstract:	Particip~tory pl~t breeding pro~m was initiated through in-situ project since 1999 with aim to address these problems by developmg new nee genotypes. Smce last 7 years , 15 of F4 and 6 of F7 segregating population were grown at different fanners' field of . .Kachorwa, Pakadiya and Lauki of Bara, Dhanusha, and Sunsari districs respectively. Three F4 and one F7 segregating populations of.Kachorwa dhan -4 were grown at each farmer's field to select individual superior hills separately suitable in rainfed with the active participation of plant breeder and farmers using bulk. method. Five out of 15 (F4) were selected and advanced to subsequent generation till fixed.Among the distributed population, Kachorwa dhan-4,8,5,11( DudhisaroX BG-1442),25 LajhiX Rampurmasuli),26 mansarax ,and 27 were found superior with their yield attributing characters. Where as, 4 out of 6 (F7) Populations were selected for replicated mother trail. In (Participatory Variety Selection) PVS, 5 advanced lines including check of 5 sets were planted in farmers' field of Pakadiya of Dhanusha District and Lauki of Sunasari District Among the tested genotypes; BR4684, IR58115, and IR67015 performed better in respect of grain yield and quality. Majority of the farmers preferred these genotypes due to higher grain yield and their high milling recovery.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Rice varietal improvement works for fine grain and aromatic rice
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	D.N Pokhrel, Editor ; S.P Ghimire, Editor ; G.C Thakur, Author ; Akhtar, T., Author
Publisher:	Hardinath, Janakpur : National Rice Research Programme
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	13-26 p.
Abstract:	A total of 145 entries were evaluated in two activities under the project "Varietal Improvement Works for Fine Grain and Aromatic Rice". In International Fine Grain and Aromatic Rice observation Nursery, IR. 72860-109-2-3-2(4429 kg/ha) and IR 72870-19-2-2- 3(4643kg/ha) entries were very much promising, and were selected for further. testing in yield trial. In Initial Evaluation Trial, IR 71138-49-2-2-1-2(5511 kg/ha) and FRX30F5B-9F6B1-8(5488 kglha) were found promising during 2004 while in 2005 entries IR. 74052-80-l-1(4629 kglha) and IR 72873-39-3-1-2(4266kg/ha) were promising. Out of 16 genotypes tested in Fine Grain and Aromatic rice yield trial, IR 72870-102-2-2-1-3and IR 72870-19-2-2-3 will be tested in farmer's field for farmer's acceptance. In fimners field trial qiTLR. 85033-9-3-1-1 were found promising.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Varietal development research works for spring season rice under irrigated condition during
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Yadaw, R.B., Editor ; Khatiwada, S.P., Editor ; YP Yadav, Author ; Mahendra Tripathi, Author ; B. Chaudhary, Author ; HK Prasai, Author
Publisher:	Hardinath, Janakpur : National Rice Research Programme
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	27-37 p.
Abstract:	Spring season rice is one option for increasing the yield under irrigated condition. This yield advantage can contribute considerably to food security and alleviate poverty in the country. Therefore, varietal improvement works in spring season rice were performed with aim to identify superior high yielding genotypes suited for double rice patterns. The tested genotypes; WAT-311 (4681kglha), ZHEF-4 (4230 kg/ha), lET 3137 (4012 kglha), and IDSA-13 (4575 kglha) were found promising in respect of grain yield as well as earliness in NRSON during 2004/05. During 2005/06, genotypes; OM1271 (5108 kg/ha), WAT 316 (5050 kglha), Judi 503 (50QO kglha), Judi 141F (4891 Kglha), Judi 541 (4673 kg/ha) and ZHEF-4 (4239 kglha) produced higher grain yield with earliness in NRSON. All the tested entries in lET, CVT and CFFT had highly significant differences in days to heading, days to maturity, tillers 1m2, plant height, panicle length, filled grains/panicle, unfilled grains/panicle, 1000 grain weight and grain yield at across the locations during 2004/05-2005/06. Among the tested genotypes; WAT-307 (5125 kg/ha), WAT-316 (3737 kglha), IR 704213- 169(3797kglha), BAGHIXlANG (3786 kglha) and lET 13942 (3899 kglha), were high yielder in lET during 2004/05. Similarly, genotypes; lET 12703 (5309.3 kglha), C3442-8-1 (4709.3 kglha), WAT 316 (4739.6 kglha), H-3798 (4860.3 kglha) ZHONG00- 126 (4679.0 kglha), OMCS 96 (4528.3 kglha) and RP 1897-23-154 (4389.0 kglha) gave higher grain yield in lET during 2005/06. During 2004/05, genotypes; NR 1862-3-1-3-1 (5750.0 kglha), IR 274-11-2-1 (4583.0 kg/ha) and IR 71604-4-3-4 (4500.0 kglha) were found promising in CVT at RARS, Lumle. While Judi 572 (4018 kglha), IR 738381-19-1-5 (3814 kyha), NR 1862-3-1-3-1 (3930 kglha), and NR 274-11-2-1 (3699.0 kglha) gave higher grain yield in CVT at NRRP, Hardinath during 2004105. Among the tested genotypes; IR 71604-4-3-4 (4363.0 kglha), IR 73838-19-1-5 (3970 kglha) Judi 572 (3856.6 kg/ha) and Gautam (36o3.3 kglha) produced higher grain yield in CVT at LIBIRD, Chitwan during 2004/05. Whereas, genotypes; NR 274-11-1-2-1 (4687.0 kglha) Judi 572 (4109 kglha), IR 73838-19-1 (4200.0 kglha) BAGHIXIYIANG (3962.3 kglha) and WAT 307 (3901.0 kglha). showed higher grain yield in CVT at NRRP Hardinath during 2005/06. During 2005/06, genotypes; OMCs97 (4100.0kglha), Judi 721(4300.0kglha), BAGHIXIANG (3833.0kg/ha), and IR 70423-169(4500.0kglha) were high grain yielder in CVT at JRP, Itahari. Among them, NR 274-10 and IR 57893-10 were found promising for higher grain yield and earliness suited for double rice patterns across the locations in CFFT during 2004/05-2005/06.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Rice varietal improvement works under irrigated sub tropical region of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Akhtar, T., Editor ; M.B Chaudhary, Editor ; D Ghale, Author ; G.C Thakur, Author ; J.K Shrestha, Author ; S.P Ghimire, Author
Publisher:	Hardinath, Janakpur : National Rice Research Programme
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	38-57 p.
Abstract:	A total of 398 entries were evaluated in six activities under the project varietal improvement works for irrigated normal cond during 2004 and 2005. The main activities were International Irrigated Rice observation Nursery, Initial Evaluation Tri1 Coordinated Varietal Trial CVT-N and farmer's field Trial. The International Irrigated observation Nursery \vith 116 entries dt 2004 and 80 entries during 2005 including 2 local check along with 3 standard check were conducted at NRRP, Hardinath. In II evaluation Trial was conducted at NRRP and the top yielding entries were IR72891-73-3-3-1(5421 kg/ha),PSB RC66(5127 kl and IR 68058-64-l-2(4828 kglha) during 2004 while during 2005, TOX 3749-34-3-1(3659 kglha), D.h\1AJ.'\ITE(3615 kg/ha) an 73004-83-2-2-3(3615 kglha) were the top yielder in IET-N. Sixteen entries were tested in RCB design having four replicati01 coordinated varietal trial normal during 2004 and 2005. Among the tested 16 entries at different locations in CVT-N the top l yielder were NR 1769-34-2-1- l-3-l-1(4541 kglha), IR68068-99-1-2-3-3-3(4446 kglha) and BR6158-RWBC2-6-5 (4361 kf during 2004 while during 2005 the top yielder were NR 1772-2-1-1-1-2-2-1(4225 kg/ha, BR 6158-RWBC2-6-5(3856 kglha) an 68440-13-1-3-3 (3848 kglha).
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Medium to late duration rice varietal improvement for rainfed lowland condition subtropical regions in Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Choudhary, D.K., Editor ; Khatiwada, S.P., Editor ; T. P. Ghimire, Author ; G.C Thakur, Author
Publisher:	Hardinath, Janakpur : National Rice Research Programme
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	38-57 p.
Abstract:	Rice improvement work was done in the year 2004 and 2005 with the objective to identify high yielding rice genotypes suitable for rainfed lowland area of Nepal. Observation Nursery and lET was conducted at Hardinath and CVT, CFFI' were conducted at different research station Parwanipur, Hardinath and Itahari .. IET was conducted in RCB design with 3 replications and CVT was conducted in RCB design with 4 replications. A total of 15 crosses in the year 2004 and 11 crosses in the year 2005 were made. A total of 6321 advance lines in 2004 and 3465 in the year 2005 were selected phenotypicaly . Different genotypes were selected in the respective experiments against check on the basis of grain yield and yield attributes.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Varietal development research works for boro rice at Parwanipur
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Bhurer, K.P., Editor ; P.C.P. Chaurasia, Editor ; Sah, M.P., Author ; G Thakar, Author ; Bhandari, R.C., Author ; B.B Achhami, Author ; Bista, S., Author ; J.B Prasad, Author ; R.K Rajak, Author ; K. K. Srivastav, Author ; G Sah, Author
Publisher:	Hardinath, Janakpur : National Rice Research Programme
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	77-92 p.
Abstract:	Varietal research works were carried out with the objective to identify high yielding cold tolerance genotypes at seedling stage (nursery) and heat tolerance (from anthesis to grain filling stage) in boro rice at Regional Agricultural Research Station Parwanipur during 2003/04-2006/07. In observation nursery (ON), Khumal-11 Tainan-1, Yongen-4, NR 10285-15-3-1-1, IR 6735-2-14-1-1, l'.'R. 10353-8-2-1 and NR 697-8-2-1 genotypes were selected and promoted to Advance Varietal Trial. BRRI Dhan-36 was highest yielder (4916 kg ha"1) followed by Khumal-11 (4819 kg ha"1 ), DR-ll (4805 kg ha" 1 ), Gautam (4772 kg ha" 1 ), DN5-2-3 (4671 kg ha"1 ), DR-I (4598 kg ha"1) and Saroj (4383 kg ha"1) respectively. In participatory variety selection (PVS) Gautam produced highest yield (6018 kg ha"1) followed by DR-1 (5994 kg ha" 1 ), BRRI Dhan-36 (5893 kg ha"1 ), DR-11 (5854 kg ha"1 ) , DN5-2-3 (5491 kg ha"1 ) and Saroj (4595 kg ha" 1 ) respectively. Milling and physicochemical characteristic of boro rice indicated the lowest husk content, highest milling recovery, good amount of head rice and lowest amylose content found in NR10285-15-3-l-l. The protein and ash content was found highest in Richharia, DN5-2-3 possessed slight aroma. Farmers perceived Saroj as a good variety for beaten rice (Chura and Bhuja). Boro rice cum fish fiuming gave more net profit to the farmers ofBhaktipur, Sarlahi.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Agro-morphological characterization of promising rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Genotypes for hills of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	R.K Basnet, Editor ; Bajracharya, J., Editor ; Upreti, H.K., Author
Publisher:	Hardinath, Janakpur : National Rice Research Programme
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	93-101 p.
Keywords:	Rice ; quantitative and qualitative traits genetic purity promising genotypes agro-morphological characterization
Abstract:	A study on agro-morphological characterization was carried out to identify the key traits distinguishing the promising genotypes developed by Agriculture Botany Division and to maintain the quality of seed with high genetic purity in laboratory and field in 2005 and 2006 rice season in Khumaltar. Four promising rice genotypes for mid- and high-hill conditions were agromorphologically characterized along with two local varieties: Patle and Gudgud, and two standard checks of modern varieties: Khumal-4 and Khumal-11. Altogether 14 different quantitative and 20 qualitative characters were observed at respective growth stages of the rice plant following the ISTA Rules (2003) and standard rice descriptors (IRRI, 1980). A significant variability was found for most quantitative traits (1.0 to 58.9% of CV) with two common .traits: two-clefted ligule and droopy panicle axis across the genotypes under study. Variability was also observed in flag leaf angle with horizontal type in NR10492-7-22, Patle, erect in NR10491-57-2-l, Khumal-11 and NR10515-69-1, and intermediate in rest of the genotypes; culm angle with intermediate and/or erect type in most the genotypes and open in Patle. Likewise, strong to intermediate culm strength was found in six genotypes and weak in Khumal-4 and Patle. Intermediate type of panicle was found in only two locallandraces with high sterility in Gudgud and partial sterility in Patlc:: Thus, these promising genotypes were different from each other and can be easily identified based on these qualitative and quantitative traits.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Morphological Characterization and use of rice (oryza sativa L.) Germplasm in Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Upadhyay, M.P., Editor ; SR Gupta, Editor ; R.B Yadav, Author
Publisher:	Hardinath, Janakpur : National Rice Research Programme
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	102-114 p.
Keywords:	Rice landraces ; morphological traits oryza and variability
Abstract:	The genetic seed house at Agriculture Botany Division conserved 2987 accessions of rice germplasm. Among them a total of 198 accessions of rice germplas)u were characterized for morpho agronomic traits using IPGRI/IR.RI descriptors at National Rice Research Programme, Hardinath, Dhanusha during 2004/05 and 2005/06. Five quantitative and twelve qualitative traits were recorded to assess the diversity in agro morphological traits. A range of variability was observed among the accessions of rice gemplasm.Variability range for number of tillers per hill was 2-27, plant height 40-150cm and maturity 104~151 days. Seven varieties have been developed and released for commercial cultivation using local rice landraces. The examined gemplasm of rice have high variability for agro morphological traits which can be used in crop improvement programme. Characterization, conservation and utilization of such valuable resources would provide a sustainable basis for rice improvement in future.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Varietal development works for boro rice under irrigated condition during 2004/05-2005/06
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	R.B Yadav, Editor ; Khatiwada, S.P., Editor ; B. Chaudhary, Author ; Akhtar, T., Author ; M. Tripathi, Author ; Bhurer, K.P., Author
Publisher:	Hardinath, Janakpur : National Rice Research Programme
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	115-124 p.
Abstract:	The research works for varietal development were carried out with the objective to identify high yielding genotypes having less cold injury at seedling stage in boro rice at NRRP, Hardinath and Rangeli, Morang during 2004/05-2005/06. A total of 49 entries including checks were tested in BON in 2001/02. Among them, IR623-249-2-3-2-3 (4805.3kg/ha). IR6562-116-2-3-2-3 (4500.8 kglha), IR 12101-4-159-1-3-3(4678.5kglha), IR 71604-4-17-10-2-1-3 (4668.5kglha), IR71606-2-1-1-1~1-3-3-l-2 (4559.5kglha), IR71606-l-1-4-2-3-1-2 (4500.1 kglha), IR69707-101-2-2-3-3 (4705.5 kglha), IR 73888-1-2-7 (4530.25 kg/ha)IR 73887-1-9-1-5 (4575kglha), IR 656220-192-3-3-3-2(4635.65 kglha) produced higher grain yield kg/ha with better phenotypic acceptance followed by Check Jaya (4461.88 kglha). Out of21 entries including checks, 15 were found having higher grain yield with less cold injury in NRBON during 2002/03. All the tested gen!)types in CVT-boro were found significantly different in respect to days of heading, maturity, plant height, panicle length, paniclelm2 and grain yield kglha, in 2002/03. Similarly in CFFT-boro; the tested genotypes Gautam, Dhanlaxmi, Prahbat, and Saroj gave higher grain yield of 4298, 3039, 2700 and 2654k~a respectively. Out of 30 entries, 17 produced higher grain yield over checks in NRBON during 2003/04. Of them, Biplov (4644.74 kglha), BR-35 (4868.80kglha), BR-36 (5185.6kglha) Khumal-11(5220.77kglha) and Shahibalam (4408.,8 kglha) were had higher grain yield than others in CVTboro during2003/04. The tested genotypes in CFFT-boro; Khumal-11(4916.53 kglha), Saroj (4509.3kglba), Jaya (45977 kglha and Gautam (4480.67 kglha) recorded higher grain yield followed by Radha-4 (4055.33 kglha) in 2003/04. However, Saroj was preferred by farrmers due to earliness and good quality of beaten rice (Chiura).
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Variability and crossability study on cultivated and wild species of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	SR Gupta, Editor ; Upadhyay, M.P., Editor ; B.K. Joshi, Author ; Bista, S., Author
Publisher:	Hardinath, Janakpur : National Rice Research Programme
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	125-131 p.
Keywords:	crossability morphological traits ; variability wild rice
Abstract:	Two wild rice species, Oryza nivara and 0. rufipogon, four improved varieties and two landraces were used to study the morphological variation and crossability between them during 2004/05 and 2005/06 at Khwnaltar. Data on nine quantitative and fifteen qualitative traits were recorded to characterize and assess the diversity. Variations in legule length (5.8-29mm). heading days (64-90 days), culm length (46.2-114.4cm) culm number (14.2-59) for wild rice and 1.44-3Il1Ill, 105-132days, 88.6-136.8cm, and 7.2- 15.8 respectively were observed in cultivated rice. The qualitative traits also showed greater variability between wild and cultivated rice. Out of fourteen crosses between 0. sativa and two wild rice species, the highest crossability (41.86%) was observed in Jumli marsi and 0 . nivara cross and the lowest crossability (2.56%) in Chainung-242 and 0. rufipogon cross were observed. Variation in crossability ranged from 2.56-41.86 percent The examined wild and cultivated rice varieties have high variability for morphological traits, which can be used in crop improvement programme in future.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Floral trait variation in Nepalese wild and cultivated rice
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Resham B Amgai, Editor
Publisher:	Hardinath, Janakpur : National Rice Research Programme
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	132-141 p.
Abstract:	Floral traits influence rice diversity, plasticity as well as its evolution and gene flow. Floral trait variation in Nepalese rice was observed during 2006 at RARS-Lumle. They were evaluated at green house condition. 6 improved rice varieties and 31 rice landraces were collected from terai and hill regions of Nepal. Similarly, 12 rice accessions (including male sterile) were collected from IRRI and RARS-Lumle. 01yza rufipogon. 0. officinalis and 0. nivara (two accessions) were also observed during this study. Higher variability was observed for glume opening angle, glume opening duration, stigma exertion, flag leaf angle, flag leaf character, flag leaf length-breadth ratio, plant height, panicle length, panicle type, panicle exertion, spikelet fertility, pollen fertility, stigma surface, style length, filament length, anther size and pollen diameter. 0. rufipogon was distinct with other rice while 0 . nivara was found similar in many characters with landraces. The upland rice landraces Linde and Thulo Begani falls in same group with cold tolerant rice Macchapuchre-3 and Chandannath-3 respectively. Glume opening angle showed good correlation with panicle length {r-0.496, p<O.OOO), stigma exertion {r-0.472, p<O.OO I), stigma surface (r-0.386, p<0.007), filament length {r-0.3 18, p<0.028) and anther size {r-0.508, p<O.OOO).
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Rice varietal research for mid hills of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Upreti, H.K., Editor ; Bista, S., Author ; Sah, S.N., Author ; Prasad, R.C., Author ; HK Prasai, Author ; Dhakal, R., Author
Publisher:	Hardinath, Janakpur : National Rice Research Programme
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	142-153 p.
Keywords:	Fine rice ; genotypes selection mid hills livelihood
Abstract:	Field experiments were conducted at Khumaltar farm involving 85 rice genotypes during 2004 and 101 in 2005 from previous selection and exotic rice germplasm to identify input efficient, high yielding, and disease resistant superior rice genotypes for mid hills. Multi location test of coordinated varietal and farmers field trials were conducted at Pakhribas, Lumle, Dolakha and Dailekh.These lines were compared with standard check varieties in randomized complete block design. Five promising lines were evaluated in the farmer's field for adaptability and acceptance test. Selected lines were NR10353-8-2-l, NR10414-34-2-3, NR10492- 7-2-2, NR10491-57-2-1, and NR10515-69-1 based on agro-morphological traits and quality parameters. The major traits used for selection are days to maturity, plant height, grain type and size and yield. These lines were similar to or superior to standard check varieties in most of the quality and other yield attributing traits. Among them NR10353-8-2-l was preferred by farmers due to its input efficient high yield with fine quality rice and lodging resistant and released for general cultivation in the name of Khumal-8. NR 10492-7-2-2 and NR 10515-69-1 showing yield stability over the year in farmers field across the country. Adoption of these varieties will increase rice production and help to enhance the livelihood of the hill farmers.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Varietal improvement of Rice for western hills
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	HK Prasai, Editor ; Koirala, K.B., Author ; Ghimire, K.H., Author ; Bhattarai M, Author ; Paudel, Author
Publisher:	Hardinath, Janakpur : National Rice Research Programme
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	154-161 p.
Keywords:	Genotypes ; grain yield agro-environments production rice cold tolerant
Abstract:	A number of experiments were carried out to identify high yielding genotypes of rice for river basin, foot and mid hills agro environments of western hills in 2004. Genotypes of spring rice namely IR 57893-10 (4.6tlha) and NR 1969-51-5-2-6-2 (4.4 tlha) were found promising for river basin agro-environments. Similarly, NR 10414-34-2-3 (3.8tlha), NR 10439-28-l-l-1(3.6t/ha) and NR I 0414-25-2 (3.5 tlha) genotypes of normal rice were also found promising for the same agro-environments. Out of the tested genotypes of normal rice for foothill, NR 1487 and NR 10353-8-2-1(3.8tlha) genotypes were found promising. NR 10395-16-2-2- 1 (5 .1 tlha), BG 1442 (5 .0 tlha and NR I 0353-8-2-1 (4.9tlha) genotypes were found superior for mid hills. A coordinated varietal trial was also conducted in mid hill agro-environment. The genotype NR 10492-7-2-2 (4.9tlha) and NR 10342-29-2-2 (4.6 tlha) identified as promising for mid hills. Similar types of experiments were also conducted during 2005. Genotypes namely OR 367, NR 1835-2- 1-2-2-1-4, BR 6158-RWBC2-6-8 and NR 176-6-43-3-3-2-1 were found promising with the average grain yield of 5.0- 5.5 t/ha for normal irrigated condition of river basin. Whereas, lR 59539-2 (7.8 t/ha), lET 3137 (7.6 t/ha), Radha-4 (7.2 t/ha) and BPI 49F (5.9tlha) were found promising genotypes for the rainfed condition of the river basin. FRX 30 5F6Bl-8 (5250 kg/Ita) and lR 69745- 251-2-2-1-1 ( 4~ 17 kglha) genotypes of fine and aromatic rice were identified as superior for 1iver basin. Genotypes namely NR 10414-34-2-3 (6.7 tlha), NR 10353-8-2-1 (6.4 tlha) were found promising for mid hills and preferred by the farmers. LR 91006 (5116 kglha) and LR 93015 (4901 kglha) were found promising genotypes for cold tolerance in high hills. Statistically, the difference in grain yield due to genotypes was found significant.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Rice Varietal Study in the Eastern Hills of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Sah, S.N., Editor ; Upreti, H.K., Author ; Thapa, K.B., Author
Publisher:	Hardinath, Janakpur : National Rice Research Programme
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	162-167 p.
Keywords:	Cereal ; CVT Attributing traits
Abstract:	Rice is the second major cereal crop in the eastern mid hills and the existing local varieties of this region are substantial in term of area coverage due to certain good attributing traits. Coordinated Varietal Trials (CV'I) were carried out in two consecutive years 2004 and 2005 where as Elite Varietal Trial (EVT) in 2005 at Agriculture Research Station (ARS) Pakhribas to identify the genotypes possessing superior traits required for the eastem hill fanners. On the basis of the result of individual and over year analysis of common varieties ofCVT 2004 and EVT 2005, genotypes NRI0375-20-l-2 produced the highest grain yield followed by Khumalll, NR 10492-7-2-2.and NR10515-69-l. NR 10492-7-2-2 and NR10515-69-l were evaluated better with respect to plant height and straw yield than Khumal 11 and found tolerant to Leaf blast and BLB as well as coarse in grain. In CVT 2005, NR 10490-94-3-l-3 was found at par with standard check Khuma1 11 in grain yield, however, this was significantly taller in plant height and earlier in heading than .Khumal 11 and found promising regarding with other attributing traits.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Genetic relationship among Nepalese rice landraces and cultivars based on rapd markers
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Bimb, Hari P., Editor ; Joshi, Bal K., Author ; David Kansakar, Author ; Ekta Ghimire, Author
Publisher:	Hardinath, Janakpur : National Rice Research Programme
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	168-184 p.
Keywords:	Genetic Distance ; rice RAPD
Abstract:	Genetic information of any genotype is necessary to manage and utilize them in conservation and breeding program. A total of 28 RAPD markers were used to relate the genetic structure among 50 Nepalese rice genotypes consisting of29landraces, 12 breeding lines and 9 released cultivars. Some of them are aromatic and blast resistance. Only four primers (P41, P60, Pl09 and Pl41) amplified the DNA of these genotypes with scorable bands. Primer 60 produced the highest number of bands (8). The highest number of present bands (6) was shown by primer 41 in I 0 rice genotypes. Grouping of these genotypes based on the adaptation to agro-climatic zone was not observed, probably due to low percentage coverage of genome by four primers. Most of the genotypes grouped in two clusters. Kali Marsi and IR 24 formed separate individual cluster. Mansara and Jameli were the most similar landraces (0.96). Churenodhan and Pranpyuri were the most closely related with Masuli. Only one genotype NR285-18 has fallen in the first quadrant by principal component analysis and the fourth quadrant was empty. The highest contribution in PCl was from the second band of primer 41 . This RAPD information can be used for selecting lines and for blast resistance breeding.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Molecular Tagging, Allele mining and marker aided breeding for blast resistance in rice
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Joshi, Bal K., Editor ; Bimb, Hari P., Author ; Gopal Parajuli, Author ; Bedanand Chaudhary, Author
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	189-202 p.
Keywords:	Blast resistance ; DNA marker Gene tagging rice
Abstract:	Breeding work utilizing both genotypic and phenotypic· markers is the most effective way of achieving target. Molecular markers eg restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and simi'~~ sequence repeat (SSR) tightly linked to target gene have been identified in different chromosomes to impose the genetic selection ie marker assisted selection (MAS). This paper summarize the progress and achievement made in breeding for blast resistance based on DNA markers which help in planning blast resistance gene tagging in Nepalese rice genotypes and developing blast resistant inbred line or near isogenic line (NIL). Blast fungus (Pyricularia oryzae Cav.) can infect plants at any growth stage from seedling to maturity and at any part eg leaf, node, internode, neck and seed. Qualitative resistance gene may occasionally be broken down due to numerous races of blast fungus both physiological and geographical races available in Nepal. Quantitative gene resistance and gene pyramiding are the best alternative for creating durable resistance system. At least 40 genes conferring resistance to blast isolates with multiple alleles have been described. Both dominant and recessive resistance alleles have been found in many rice landraces. Morphological and isozymic markers are limited in number. Therefore, highly polymorphic and easily detectable SSR markers are being used in breeding for blast resistance. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) is the simple method for tagging resistance ge~e by SSR markers. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have also been mapped and· most of them are linked to qualitative genes. SSR markers linked to the gene are being used to select plants possessing the desired trait and markers throughout the genome are being used to select plants that are genetically similar to recurrent parent. Using SSR markers it may be possible to select blast resistance genotypes at any stage of crop development from any small part of crop, to conduct many round of selection, to select without inoculums, without scoring, and without testing in hot spot or artificial inoculation. Molecular based blast resistance breeding work is initiated focusing on resistance gene tagging in Nepalese rice Iandraces and transferring resistance genes in cvs Jumli Marshi, K.humal-4 and Mansuli.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Collaborative rice research and development thrusts between irri and Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Tripathi, B.P., Editor ; Gurung, H.B., Author ; Pandey, Sushil, Author ; Ladha, J.K., Author ; A Kumar, Author ; Regmi, A.P., Author ; Sherchan, D.P., Author ; AK Gautam, Author ; Akhtar, T., Author ; B.B Adhikari, Author ; K.K Dahal, Author ; H.K Panta, Author
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	203-205 p.
Abstract:	The three major collaborative projects were initiated from 2005 in different Research Centres of Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC) and in Lamjung site of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences (IAAS), Chitwan. The overall objectives of these projects are to increase the rice production and productivity in favorable lowlands and marginalized upland rice environments of both plain and hills ofNepal. Baseline survey of all sites is discussed. Different Integrated Crop Management technologies in ricewheat systems in both transplanted rice and upland rice evaluated. Farmers' field days' and trainings organized and different Resource Conservation Technologies (RCTs) evaluated. Both lowland and upland rice varieties were tested in mother and baby trials. Varieties suitable for both lowlands and upland rice were selected by conducting mother and baby trials as well as in Farmers' Acceptance Test (FAT) !Minikits and Demonstrations. Farmers have saved seeds of some promising rice varieties s for planting in the next season. Drought tolerant rice varieties received from IRRI were selected for rainfed lowland conditions of Nepal. For the dissemination of rice technologies to different stakeholders, exposure trainings/workshops were organized for the scientists/technical officers/technicians of NARC as well as Subject Matter Specialists (SMS)/Extension Officers of the districts/Training Officers/Technicians of the Regional Training Centers and Regional seed, soil and plant protection technicians of different regions of Nepal. Rice Fact Sheets prepared by the scientists were put in NARC website as Nepal Rice Knowledge Bank (NRKB) with the help of IRRI. Rice technologies prepared by IRRl in the form of Rice Knowledge Bank (RKB) were disseminated by providing COs to different NARC research stations, district agricultural development offices, regional directorate of agriculture and NGOs working in rice research and development as well as to IAAS, Rampur for teaching pUiposes. With the establishment ofNepal-IRRI Office, the technical capability of scientists and technical officers ofNARC has been further strengthened.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Jute research report (2004/05-2006/07)
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Tara bahadur Ghimire, Editor
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	206-211 p.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Germplasm Evaluation of Jute
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Mishra, K.K., Editor ; T. B. Ghimire, Author
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	212-220 p.
Abstract:	A total ot208 different Spp of Jute genotypes were evaluated under the project varietal investigation and maintenance breeding of jute . The activities were conducted during April to July season2004 to Charactarize and Evaluate the Germplasm of Jute. There are Thirty eight genotypes were selected from Germplasm Evaluation, Among Thirty eight genotypes 18, 11, and 9 genotypes were Corchorus 0/itorius . Corchorus Capsu/aris and H. Cannabin us Spp. respectively. In Corchorus Olitorius genotypes Y A04/co, 110/KEN/ DS 063co,l10ffAN/SMI054 co,JRP Acc#24, 1101KEN/ BU073co, JRP Acc#32, NPUPACHNPY/036co, NPUPACHNPY/058co, JRP Acc#42, NPU1LMNPY/607co JRO 7835co, IJOffAN/SM/056co, JRP Acc#56 YA-023co, JRP Ace# 62, 110/KENI SM/ 018co, JRP Acc#139and JRP Acc#192. Similarly In Corchorus Capsularis 4444cap cc, JRP Ace# 36, JRP Acc#78, JRP Acc#79 ,CC45 (BJRI,098), IJOIKEN/ DS 029cc(Trilocularis), BZ-2c Ace #4616, 110 I CHN I c-239c cc, IJO I CHN IFJI0404cc, JRP Acc#l98 and JRP Acc#200.Likewise, In H.Cannabinus Spp. JRP Acc#58, He AMC-108 (CRI JAF) (097), IJO/NPLIBRDISRB/053h HC, NPUBRDISRB/070 HC, 110/NPLIBRDISRB/077H. HC, 110/NPUDNGISRB/120H. HC, IJO/NPLIKAVSUC/003H HC, 110/NPUKAN /SUC/044H HC and 110/NPU.KAI /BC/032H HC .Ait these superior genotypes promoted to the respective Observation nursery trial.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Varietal investigation and maintainance breeding on jute
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Mishra, K.K., Editor ; T. B. Ghimire, Author ; Gupta, B.K., Author
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	221-224 p.
Abstract:	Jute is the main commercial crop of eastern terai region of Nepal especially in Jhapa, Morang and Sunsari districts. Corchorus olitorius and C.capsularis are the two important commercial species grown in this region. Jute Research Program(JRP) has released two varieties viz. Itahari I (Sada Jute) and Itahari 2 (Tossa Jute) in the year 1999 . The yield potential of existing varieties is still low and researchers are looking for more fibre yielding varieties for different environments. Under varietal investigation work germplasm collection, hybridization, photo period screening nursery, observation nursery, initial evaluation trial, advance varietal trial, farmers field trial and varietal maintenance activities were carried out during 2005/06-2006/07. 25 percent success has been achieved in hybridization and JRO 524 X Itahari 2 combination results better F-1 population. Germplasm SM/024 and X/90 are found photo period insensitive olitorius lines. In OBN BJRI 1968 and X/071 in olitorius species and CHN/FJ/052 and NPUJRC/673 in capsularis species are found high yielder and tolerant to wilt disease. 152 germplasm of Corchorus species and 10 germpl~ of Hibisc:uss spp. from Central Botany Division, Khumaltar were characterized and maintained. 39 germplasm of C. capsularis and 64 germplasm of C. olitorius were introduced from Bangladesh Jute Research Institute(BJRI) and maintained. JRC 4444( 5889 kglha) in lET CC, THAIN/239 (3266 kglha ) in A VT CC, KEN/DS/058(3289 kglha) in lET CO, OM-1(4489 kglha) in AVT CO, IJO/NPUKAIIBC/032(4138 kglha) in IET-HC, LISA (ltahari I) (2667 kglha) in FFT-CC and T-86(ltahari 2) (3147 kglha) in FIT-CO were found highest yielder in yield trial over the years.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Varietal investigation works on jute
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Mishra, K.K., Editor ; T. B. Ghimire, Author
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	225-236 p.
Abstract:	A total of 72 genotypes of three different species.of Jute ie. Corchorus capsularis ,Corchorus olitorius and H. cannabinus were evaluated in seven different varietal activities under the ·project varietal investigation of jute .The activities were conducted during April to July season2004 and 2005 to identify superior genotypes which fit in fanners cropping system. Among the tested genotypes of Corchorus Capsula1is NPUSUN/ITA/008(2004)cc, NPUSUN/ITA/014(2004)cc, NPUSUN/ITA/013(2004)cc, NPUSUN/ITA/020 (2004)cc, NPUSUN/ITA/022(2004)cc, NPUSUN/ITA/019(2004)cc, NPUSUN/ITA/024 (2004)cc and NPUSUN/ITA/026(2004)cc were found superior. In Corchorus olitorius, NPUSUNIITA/005(2004)co, NPUSUNIITA/008(2004)co, NPUSUN/ITA/012 (2004)co, NPUSUNIIT A/023(2004)co, NPUSUNIIT A/026(2004)co, NPUSUNIIT A/027(2004)co, NPUSUNIIT A/030(2004)co and NPUSUN/ ITA/029 (2004)co were found superior and similarly of H. Cannabinus UO/NPUK.AIIBC/032 H. HC., IJO/NPUBRD/SRB/077 H. HC., JRP Acc.#123 and HC AMC -108 (CRI JAF)(097) were found superior. All the Promising genotypes were selected for further testing in coming season . Plant height, Leaf areas, Basal diameter, node number, Internodal length, Green Plant weight, Green ribbon weight had significant positive correlation with Dry fiber weight
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Status of summer hill crop in Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Prasad, R.C., Editor
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	237-241 p.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Varietal investigation on fingermillet under various agro-ecological zones of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Prasad, R.C., Editor ; Gurung D.B., Author ; Chaudhary, D.K., Author ; S.B Bishwokarma, Author ; Sharma D R, Author ; S Thapa, Author
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	242-262 p.
Abstract:	In order to develop high yielding, early maturing, disease resistant and farmers preferred finger millet varieties a series of experiments such as NON, lET, CVT and FFT were conducted at HCRP Kabre, it's Outreach Research Site and other locations under field condition of mid and high hills environment during two consecutive season 2005 and 2006. Acc.#523-1, Acc.#2311, GE- 0356, GE-0382 and Acc.#433-1 were selected as promising fingermillet genotypes based on grain yield and other desired characters. Among the tested entries GE-5016 and GE-5176 are proposed to release as new fmgermillet varieties for the purpose of general cultivation.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Varietal investigation on buckwheat under different agro-ecological zones of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Prasad, R.C., Editor ; Sharma D R, Author ; S Thapa, Author
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	263-278 p.
Abstract:	Several experiments such as NON, lET, CVT and FFJ' were carried-out at different locations under field and various climatic condition during two successive summer season 2005 and 2006 to develop high yielding, disease resistant and fanners preferred buckwheat varieties. There was no significant difference in combined grain yield in CVT and lET however, Acc.#2223 and GF-5099 produced the highest grain yield 3589 kglha and 2375 kglha followed by sample #6-1 (3362 kglha) and GF-5283 (2164 kglha) in bitter and sweet CVT respectively. The promising buckwheat genotypes GF-5063 and Acc.#2223 might be recommended for the cultivation under farmers condition.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Evaluation of finger millet cultivars against cercospora leaf spot 2005-07
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Prasad, R.C., Editor ; S Thapa, Author
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	279-284 p.
Keywords:	Disease ; Genotypes resistant varieties and yield
Abstract:	In order to identify the sources of resistance for Cercospora leaf spot disease two hundred and th:.~ eight fingermillet genotypes obtained from national as well as international programme were evaluated under field condition at HCRP Kahre and RARS Lumle during 2005 and 2006 among them 114 and 20 cultivars were found superior from agronomics! point of view and resistant to cercospora leaf spot respectively that might be used in breeding programme to develop new fingermillet varieties and some of them such as KLE-101, KLE-154, KLE-157, KLE-178, KLE-192, KLE-236, KLE-252, KLE-258, Acc.#2601, GE-519 and DR-2 could be recommended for the cultivation under fanners condition.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Conservation and characterization of finger millet (Eleusine Coracana L.) Germplasm in Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	SR Gupta, Editor ; Upadhyay, M.P., Author
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	285-291 p.
Keywords:	Characterization ; finger millet germplasm traits and variability
Abstract:	Finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) is the main diet of hill fanners. Nepalese farmers have consumed, maintained and use finger millet diversity over time and space. Altogether, 879 landraces of finger millet have been conserved in the genetic seed house at Agriculture Botany Division, Khumalrar. Among them, 196 accessions were characterized for morpho agronomic traits using IPGRIIIRRI descriptors at Khumaltar, \alitpur during 2004/05 and 2005/06. Measurements on quantitative and qualitative traits were recorded to estimate the diversity in agro morphological traits. A range of variability was observed among the accessions of finger millet landraces. Variability for maturity (94-148 days), leaf blade length (9.6-41.8cm) and finger length (2.40-12.60cm was observed. Three vatieties of finger millet have been released for commercial cultivation using local landraces. The examined landraces of finger millet have shown high variability for various agro morphological traits which can be used in crop improvement programme. Conservation, use and management of these valuable resources would create a sustainable basis for finger millet _. improvement in Nepal.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Highlights of grain legumes research in Nepal, 2004-2005
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	S.P Shrivastava, Editor
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	292-297 p.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Evaluation of soybean (Glycine Max L. Merril) genotypes for terai under maize based cropping system of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Darai, R., Editor ; B.S Bastola, Author ; NK Yadav, Author ; B.R. Baral, Author
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	298-312 p.
Keywords:	Soybeans ; genetic diversity croppping pattern participatory approach
Abstract:	Unavailability of suitable variety to cropping pattern such as Maize-soybean-toria /other winter crops has been realized in the recent years. Released varieties have more or less smaller seed size and longer maturity period (135-145 days), which the farmers usually don't prefer. In the present context soybean is getting popularity due to the sharp demands for poultry fanning in the country. Since it is an important component of the poultry feed, in connection with above background soybean genotypes collected from diversified sources were evaluated in observation screening nursery (OBN) and multi-location trial for yield potential, insect-disease reaction in the research station of Rampur and Nawalpur during 2004 to 2005. Multi-location trial was carried out in RCB desjgn with four replications and OBN in rod row. No of rows of the genotypes were two in OBN, four in multi-location trial. Some lines AGS124 (2719 kglha), SB0065 (2589 kglha), Gl873 (2482 kglha) arid LS7716-l6 (2371 kglha) were selected from observation screening nursery based on the over years performances and will be promoted in multi location trial in next season. Similarly, the genotypes Puja (1699kglha), TGX-311-230 (1691 kg/ha) and PK-327 (1614 kglha) were found outstanding in performances than the standard check cobb (1367 kglha) and significant differences among the genotypes over the year and across location in multi location trial. Therefore, these lines will be evaluated in farmer's participatory trial. Participatory research is the spirit of the time for dynamic and effectively adaptation to the farmers root level. Maintaining biodiversity, selection of lines according to farmer and user's choice, farmer-to-farmer seed diffusion lead to fast adoption and rapid impact at farm level (Sarker et al.2003). In the brightness, farmers preferred Puja for it's earlier maturity (125 days), resistant to yellow mosaic virus and bacterial pustule, higher yield (yield potential 2.5 tlha), medium bold seed size (13.83g/100 seed) and adjust well in maize based system either in mono or intercrops.lt is also well adapted from terai/inner terai to mid hills environment. National Seed Board has released it for general cultivation.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Evaluation of mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) genotypes for terai and inner terai under rice and maize based cropping system of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Darai, R., Editor ; Neupane R.K., Author ; NP Khanal, Author ; B. N. Adhikari, Author ; Sah, R.P., Author
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	313-324 p.
Keywords:	Mungbean, Nepal, MYMV , CLS resistant line cropping patterns
Abstract:	Breeding strategies were directed to develop high yielding, synchronous, better quality varieties with yellow mosaic virus (YMV), cercospora leaf spot (CLS) resistant and having wider· adaptability in Nepal. Two varieties introduced from A VRDC have been identified superior and recently released in the name of Pratikchya and Kalyan with the joint venture of NGLRP and FORWARD. These lines are characterized as semi synchronous, resistant to YMV and CLS and adapted for the rice based and maize based system. Recent research efforts are concentrated to introduction of germplasm from international organizations and evaluation and selection of these materials under on station and on farm experiments. Participatory variety selection (PVS), mother and baby trials were running to test and disseminate pipeline technologies under on farm situation The genotypes Bari mung (850 kglha), CN9-5 (815 kg/ha), VC1973A {Sc} (810 kg/ha) were found promising compared to check pusa baisakhi(362 kglha) in OBN, Likewise VC6173 B -10(975kglha), VC6173B-11(925 kglha) and VC6173A(900 kg/ha) were selected from AVRDC lines in 2005/06 and will be promoted in multi location evaluation. Similarly, the research results in CVT revealed that the genotypes VC 6370(30-65), VC6141-90, VC6369 (53-79) and NM54 produced higher yields than the standard check Pusa Baisakhi and local check Saptari local in both years. Right now participatory plant breeding is the spirit of the time to grasp the potential ·yield and wider adaptability in accordance with the farmers' preference and local situation.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Rainwater harvesting farm reservoir for supplementary irrigation of rice and wheat crop
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Adhikary, S.K., Editor ; Shrestha, K.B., Author ; G.B Manandhar, Author ; Sharma, P.S, Author ; Sah, S.N., Author ; S.N Jha, Author
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	329-334 p.
Abstract:	A farm reservoir having size 27.00 meter 18.00 meter with maximum depth limited to 2 meter at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Khajura, Banke, Nepalgunj was dug during 2001 . Prior to its construction, the site was identified from a team of experts including NARC scientists, Indian consultant and expatriate from Bangladesh. The maximum capacity of pond to collect rainwater is limited to 9, 72, 000 liters. The weekly observations were taken for retained rainwater depth from June 9, 2004 to May 21, 2006. It was recorded that maximum retained water depths were 138 em during July and 195 em during September in 2004 and 2005 respectively. Even during dry periods in April, the reservoir was not completely dry and depth of retained water was 15 em. The rainwater was collected through the conveyance arrangement from the catchment area of about 7.5 ha. The texture of soil in the reservoir was sandy silt containing 65. 7% sand, silt 24.03% and clay 10.23%. The on farm reservoir was initially designed to provide supplementary irrigation especially for the wheat crop. Other crops such as rice and vegetables crops could also be irrigated. From this study, it can be concluded that the site is very suitable and has very good potential for rainwater harvesting as no other sealing materials were used in th~ reservoir to conserve water. It is proposed that further studies should be carried out by replicating the reservoirs in farmer's field having similar soil strata, which don't need any sealing materials for conserving watc;r.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Performance evaluation of non puddled rice transplanting methods
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	U Adhikari, Editor ; S Justice, Author ; J. Tripathi, Author ; Bhatta, M.R., Author
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	335-338 p.
Abstract:	Rice transplanting is the most common method of rice establishment in the lowland areas. As a traditional practice, in Nepal and elsewhere, transplanting is done on well tilled and puddled soil. Puddling not only consumes much energy and time from the tilJage point of view but also consumes a large quantity of the total water requirement in rice. This paper reports on a recent experiment that is evaluating a new conservation agriculture rice crop establishment method. zero-till transplanted rice that is attempting side step the submergence problem while keeping all the other CA traits in place. The main objectives of the experiment were to evaluate nonpuddled rice transplanting technique with different tillage options and to observe effect of mulching on weed control and rice grain yield. The experiment consisted of three treatments viz. manual rice transplanting on tilled plot, manual rice transplanting in power tiller strip tilled plot and transplanting of rice with manual rice transplanter in zero-tilled plot The experiment was conducted in 2005 and 2006 rice season at National Wheat Research Program, Bhairahawa. Grain yield different among the treatments was highly significant in both the years. First year, strip-tillage produced the highest mean grain yield of 5940 kglha followed by no-till TPR(5564 kglha) and tractor land preparation (5207 kglha). All the treatments showed significantly higher grain yield than their respective mulched treatment. Second year, no-till TPR produced the highest mean grain yield of 6321 kglha followed by strip-tilled TPR (5910 kglha) and tractor land preparation TPR (5832 kg/ha). Like first year, grain yields in all the treatments were higher than their respective mulched treatments. The yield differences in no-till TPR and strip-tilled TPR were significant but it was not significant in tractor land preparation treatment
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Analysis and effect of rainfall distribution for planning and management of rice and wheat cultivation under Bhairahawa Rupendehi condition
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Adhikary, S.K., Editor ; Shrestha, K.B., Author ; G.B Manandhar, Author ; Sharma, P.S, Author ; S Tandukar, Author
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	339-344 p.
Abstract:	Rainfall is the major dominating factor for the success or failure of agricultural crops as more than 65% of the total cultivable land in Nepal is rainfed. In this pape, rainfall data (1977-2000) from National Wheat Research Program located at Bhairahawa, Rupandehi is analyzed and recommendation is made for efficient utilization for planning and management of rice and wheat cultivation. The average annual rainfall was found to be 1775 tnm. The monthly maximum average rainfall 584 mm was observed in the month of July and the minimum average rainfall 5.69mm was found in November. The highest annual rainfall2351mm was marked in 1984 and lowest rainfall1302 mm in 1992. One day maximum rainfall298 mm was noted on 14th July in 1996. The deviation of the average annual mean rainfall from the long term average rainfall was highest 32.38% in 1984 and it was lowest 1.02% in 1982. Out of 24 years, 18 years were normal, 4 years were wet and numbers of dry years were 2. Average rainfall occurred in rice season was 89.69% of the total average rainfall (TAVR) where as wheat season bad only 4.3% of TAVR. The study clearly indicates the importance of rainwater harvesting and its utilization for supplementary irrigation of rice I!Jld wheat crop in rainfed areas.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Diagnostic characteristics of pre-released rice varieties in Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Bajracharya S, Editor
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	345-349 p.
Keywords:	Age morphology ; rice qualitative and quantitative
Abstract:	Morphological study on twelve different promising rice varieties for hill condition was carried out in field and laboratory conditions ofKhumaltar during 2002 and 2003. One promising variety NR 10414-25-2 was included in the second year. Two check varieties were included namely, Khumal-11 and Chainung 242. Observations were taken for stable morphological characteristics of the seedlings, plant stands and grains during the various stages of crop growth and after harvest in the field and laboratory .. Identifiable variations were observed in both the qualitative and the quantitative characteristics in seedlings, plant stands and grains among the studied varieties. Panicle types in the studied varieties varied from intermediate to compact and all the varieties were awnless. Spikelet sterility varied from highly fertile, fertile to partly fertile. Significant variations were observed for rice grain characteristics, hundred-grain weight and grain yield per plot. Highest leaf UW (Leaf7 Width) ratio was observed in Chandannath -3 and grains per panicle were 165, which is the highest among the studied varieties. Likewise, hundred-grain weight was also found highest (3.17 gm.). Husk rice per panicle was found highest for NR 10291-6-1 (Manjushree -2) which was 29 and the variety was found partly sterile as well. The highest grain yield per plot was observed in NR 10285-29-3-1 ( 4.11 kg/plot) and lowest in Chandannath -1 (1.65 kg/plot). The observation recorded can be valuable tools in the identification and the diagnosis of the rice cultivars in the field and the laboratory.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	On-Farm Performance evaluation of aerobic rice echnologies and its impact
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	G Sah, Editor ; Bhurer, K.P., Author ; Upadhyay, I.P., Author ; N Ansari, Author ; D Chaudhary, Author ; P. L. Karna, Author ; Adhikari, S.K., Author ; O. Erenstein, Author ; S Justice, Author
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	350-356 p.
Abstract:	The On-farm Performance Evaluations of Aerobic Rice Technologies were conducted at Triveni in Bara and Sibarwa in Parsa district during kharif seasons, 2003/04, 2004/05, and 2005/06. The experiments consisted of three treatments e.g. (T1)= Direct Seeded Rice (DSR) by Power Tiller Drill (PTD), (T2)=Direct Seeded Rice by Zero-till Drill (ZTD), and (T3)= Fanner's Practice (F.P.). Rice variety Hardinath-1 was drilled with PTD and ZTD@ 40 kglha on June 11, 2004, June 21-22, 2005, and May 30- June 3, 2006 on pre-ploughed but unpuddled fields. The treatments were nourished with 100:60:40::N:P20 5:K20 kglha. Pre-emergence herbicide, Pretilachlor was applied@ 1250 ml/ha. For Farmer's Practice (F.P.), 25- day old seedlings were transplanted on puddled soil. Treatment T1 produced the highest mean grain yield of 5287 kglha followed by T2 (4642 kglha) and T3 (4265 kg/ha). Similarly, the highest mean straw yield cf 6383 kglha was obse1ved with treatment T1• Likewise, treatment T1 was the most economical and showed the mean Net Retum of30263 Rs/ha followed by T2 (20282 Rs/ha). Farmer's Practice showed the least Net Return of 18863 Rslha. With Fanner's management, T2 produced the highest mean rice yield of 5872 kglha followed by T1 (5617 kg/ha). The mean lowest grain yield of5044 kglha was obtained by T3, while, the mean rice establishment costs ofT I> T2 and T3 were 3162,3928, and 6304 Rs/ha, respectively.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Response of rice to different dose and sources of Nutrients under rice wheat cropping system
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	S.P Vista, Editor ; Thapa, Y.R., Author
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	357-360 p.
Keywords:	nutrient ; dose source rice yield
Abstract:	On-station experiment conducted to diagnose the response of local rice variety Attey to different dose and soW'Ces of nutrients during 2002 to 2004 at south farm of ARS, Pakhribas, Dhankuta at an altitude of 1420 masl, showed increased yield of both grain and straw ·with the application of nutrients in the last two years. However, in the initial year the grain yield in controlled plot was found higher than the plots supplied with half dose (25:7.5:7.5 kg N, P20 5, and K20/ha) of nutrients through inorganic sources. In the first two years of the experiment, rice grain yield was recorded highest from plots supplied with full dose (50:15:15 kg N, P20s, and K20iha) of nutrient through combination of both organic and inorganic sources of nutrients in the ratio of 1:1 but in the last year, the rice grain yield was recorded higher from plots treated with full dose (50 kg N equivalent) of nutrients supplied through organic sources. Straw yield was found higher from the plots treated with full doses of nutrients through the combination of organic and inorganic sources throughout the period of investigation
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Sustainable rice production and quality improvement through organic source of nutrients application
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Acharya, G.P., Editor
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	361-365 p.
Abstract:	Observation studies were carried out to assess quality of local aromatic rice and sustaining yield of improved rice by applying different nutrient sources during 2006. One study was organic source of nutrients on aromatic rice Kalanamak for sustainable yield and quality. And, another was rate of Saubhagya (organic manure) and EM (effective organism) effects on rice variety, Radha 4. Regarding quality ofaromatic rice, Saubhagya at 500-1500 kglha, EM spray, Neem leaf at 2.5 tlha and FYM at 5 tlha were tested on Kalanamak rice. Kalanamak produced 2240-2708 kglha grain yield with different treatment applicattons. FYM application of 5 tlha seemed to be-high causing crop lodged during flowering. Quality of aromatic rice could be maintained at low cost of cultivation through organic source of nutrient management. For the sustainable yield of improved rice, treatments were applied in seed production plots. Experimental design was factorial split plot consisting two levels of EM in main plots and three fertilizer sources in subplots. The fertilizer rate was 900 kglha Saubbagya, recommended NPK through inorganic fertilizers and, combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers. Rice grain yield ofRadha 4 with the application of inorganic fertilizers at recommended rate produced the highest grain yield followed by the combination of Saubhagya and inorganic fertilizers. This rate of Saubbagya could not supply required amount of NPK but supply other micronutrients to the rice crop. The effect of EM was found encouraging in rice yiel4. Commercial organic manure production could be encouraged through the application of Saubhagya in rice production. However, its application rate should be increased from 900 to 1500 kglha for two way benefits of production and soil fertility in the long run. It is possible if present price of Saubhagya is lowered from Rs 6 to 4/kg.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Effect of long-term organic-inorganic fertilization on rice yield and soil properties under rice-wheat system
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Sah, M.P., Editor ; D. Adhikari, Author
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	366-368 p.
Keywords:	long-term ; soil fertility organic inorganic rice yield
Abstract:	A long-tenn soil fertility experiment in rice-wheat system was started in 1980 on slightly acidic loam soils of Regional Agricultural Research Station, Parwanipur to study the effects of different combinations of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on crop yield and soil properties. The experiment comprised twelve different treatment combinations of inorganic N, p and K, and farm yard manure (FYM) and wheat chopped straw (WCS) in a randomized complete block design. Recent yield data indicated the use of 10 t FYM along with 50 kg of inorganic N ha-1 produced consistently highest rice yield from 2004 to 2006. The combined use of inorganic N, P and K application was more pronounced with advancement of years, but failed to produce significantly higher grain yield over minus P K, minus P and minus K treatments. A sharp decline rice yields was noted in minus P treatment during year 2006. The soil analysis data showed an increase in soil organic carbon, available phosphorus and total nitrogen in FYM and WCS amended plots. Soil acidity was not increased over except in the plots treated with inorganic N only.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Long term effect of organic manure and fertilizer on soil chemical properties
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	SP Vista, Editor ; Thapa, Y.R., Author ; K.N Mishra, Author
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	369-376 p.
Keywords:	FYM ; Fertilizer organic matter soil reaction
Abstract:	A long term (2001-2004) field experiment was conducted on sandy clay loam soil with acidic soil reaction to study the effect of organic manure, chemical fertilizer and combination of both organic manure and fertilizer on soil chemical properties at South farm (.Kholitar) of ARS Pakhribas, Dhankuta at an altitude of 1420 mas! under rice wheat cropping system with various treatment combinations including FYM, chemical fertilizer, combination of FYM and fertilizer both at full and half doses. The soil reaction was found buffered in the soil treated with organic manure at full dose and the soil turned more acidic when treated with chemical fertilizer at full dose. Application of both organic manure and fertilizer at full dose showed higher organic matter content in the soil. The nitrogen content in the surface soil was found high both in organic manure treated soil as well as combination of organic manure and fertilizer at full dose. Application of full dose of nutrients through organic manure recorded significantly higher phosphorus content in the surface soil. However, the potassium content in the surface soil was not found consistent throughout the period of investigation.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Integrated weed management studies on jute
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	T. B. Ghimire, Editor ; Yadav, Y.P., Author ; Gupta, B.K., Author
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	377-379 p.
Abstract:	Jute (Corchoru spp.) mainly grown in eastern terai of Nepal especially in Jhapa, Morang and Sunsari districts. The area, production and productivity of jute remains more or less stagnant for last several years. Jute cultivation become non profitable due to high cost of cultivation especially in weeding and fibre extraction. About 20 percent cost is involved in weeding operation alone in our situations. Labour become shortage in peak season. Keeping these things in mind a study was conducted at Jute Research Program, Itahari Sunsari during 2005/06-2006/2007 to find out economical and environment friendly weed management practices in jute to reduce the cost of cultivation especially in weeding. Herbicide-Targa super(Quizalofop ethyl 5% EC) 2mVL + Dhanuvit 1 mVL at 15-20 days after emergence, rice straw mulching@ lOtlha, mixed cropping of red amaranth@ 10 kg/ha with or without hand weeding; fimners practices(Two hand weeding) and control were evaluated in randomized complete block design in three replication. The study revealed that highest fibre yield (4235 kglha) was recorded when jute field was mulched with rice straw (10 t/ha) followed by one hand weeding compared to farmers practices(320l kglha). Rice straw smoother the grass population and reduces weed dry matter. Mulching treatment gave the highest net return (Rs.30,988/ha) followed by herbicide (Targa super) application plus one hand weeding (Rs.28,501/ha) and herbicide application minus hand weeding (Rs. 27,849/ha) compared to fanners practices(Rs.20485/ha).
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Study on jute based cropping sequence in eastern terai of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	T. B. Ghimire, Editor ; Yadav, Y.P., Author ; Gupta, B.K., Author
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	380-383 p.
Abstract:	Jute is mainly grown in rainfed upland of eastern terai region especially in Jhapa, Morang, Sunsari, Siraha, Saptari and Udaypur districts. Most of the jute area in rainfed upland is rotated with toria, sarson, mustard, chickpea, lentil, potato, linseed etc in winter season. Jute-rapeseed(toria) was the traditional cropping system in rainfed upland in eastern Terai region. With the increase in irrigation facilities in the region jute cultivation has shifted to marginal land and production of both jute and toria has been declined drastically. Jute cultivation now considered as non-profitable enterprise and only done in small scale for household consumption. It is grown only for meeting household requirement of firewood and cash in great festival of Dashain and Tihar. A study was conducted at Jute Research Program, ltahari, Sunsari during 2004/2005-2006/07 to find out the most suitable and profitable jute based cropping sequence in eastern terai region of Nepal. Jute-toria, jute-sarson, jute-mustard, jute-gobhi sarson, jute-chickpea, jutelentil, jute-potato and jute-linseed sequence were evaluated in randomized complete block design in three replication. The study revealed that highest fibre yield was recorded in Jute - potato cropping sequence (2526 kglha) followed by Jute- gobhi sarson cropping sequence (2517 kglha). Similarly, highest net return was recorded in jute-potato cropping sequence (Rs. 24553/ha/yr) followed by jute-gobhi sarson cropping sequence (Rs. 17,577/ha/year). Similarly, highest per days winter crop yield was recorded in potato (181.7 kg/day) followed by wheat (23.18 kg/day) and mustard(6.4 kg/day). Soil fertility was improved in jute-potato cropping sequence which recorded highest organic matter(1.75%) and nitrogen(0.080%) content at the end of experiment cycle. Weed infestation on jute field was also minimum in jute-gobhi sarson sequence. Highest stem rot infection was found in Jute- chickpea crop sequence (21 %) and lowest in Jute-linseed sequence (7%).
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Study on nursery management and nitrogen applicaiton in boro rice
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	AK Gautam, Editor ; NP Adhikari, Author ; R.B Yadav, Author ; R.B Das, Author
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	384-391 p.
Abstract:	Boro rice cultivation is an emerging rice culture in some parts of Nepal. Nursery raising is one of the major problems in Boro rice culture. Rice seedling remains for long period in the nursery during winter season, which causes cold injury and breakage of seedling during up-rooting. Crop period being longer in the main field may require higher dose of inorganic nitrogen during different growth period. Therefore, three experiments were conducted with the objectives to study the effect of different materials on seedling growth and t~e effect of plant stand and nitrogen levels on growth and yield of 1ice with different designs during 2004 and 2005 at NRRP, Hardmath. The study revealed that use of either chopped wheat straw, chopped rice straw or compost significantly increased the seedling height and weight at various days after seeding. Plant spacing had not any effect of filled grains/panicles, 1000 grain weight, grain yield and harvest index. But biomass per unit area was significantly more (936 kglm2) under closer spacing (20 x 10 em) of transplant with lower panicleslm2 (6.9). Increasing levels of nitrogen significantly increased biomass/m2, filled grains/panicle, 1000 seed weight and grain yield up to 120 kglha. Beyond this level of nitrogen all these characters were art par. Harvest index did not differ due to application increasing level of nitrogen. The study also revealed that more the number of split application of nitrogen higher the panicle/hill, biomass/m2 , filled grains/panicle, 1000 grain weight and grain yield. Nitrogen applied as 25% basal + 25% at 30 or 40 DA T + 25% at 40 or 50 DAT + 25% at 50 or 60 DAT significantly produced higher grain yield of 4,241 and 4,322 kglha, respectively, than other treatments. As the studies were done only for one year, there experiments should be continued for few more years to confirm the results and to make the recommendation.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Effect of methods of crop establishment and weed management on Grain yield of rice and wheat in rice-wheat system
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	AK Gautam, Editor ; NP Adhikari, Author ; M Mishra, Author ; R.B Das, Author
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	392-396 p.
Abstract:	Rice-wheat system is a labor intensive due to high cost in land preparation and plant establishment, and the productivity of this system is either declining of stagnant. An alternative crop establishment method is needed for both the crops particularly in system basis to reduce the cost of cultivation and to sustain the productivity. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to study the effect of methods of crop establishments, rice varieties and weed management on productivity of rice and wheat in rice-wheat system during 2004/05 and 2005/06, respectively, at National Rice Research Program, Hardinath. Method of crop establishment was laid out in main-plots and rice varieties and weed control methods were in sub-plots in split plot design. All the crop establishment combination in rice-wheat system produced similar yield in the pattern. But dry weed weight at 25 days after transplanting (DAT) of rice and at wheat maturity was significantly higher in bed planting combination of rice and wheat. Weed control methods did not differ in grain yield of rice but wheat yield was significantly higher (2,532 kg/ha) due to use of Isoproturan + 2, 4-D both @ 1.5 kg a. i.lha than no weeding (2,142 kg/ha). Weed dry weight in rice was significantly lower at 25 days after transplanting of rice due to Butachlor spray +Hand weeding (HW) at 25 DAT than HW at 25 and 45 DAT. Similarly, use ofherbicides reduced weed weight in wheat compared to no weeding.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Effect of seedling age and spacing on productivity of irrigated rice under system of rice intesificaiton in central terai
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	AK Gautam, Editor ; NP Adhikari, Author ; M Mishra, Author ; R.B Das, Author
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	397-401 p.
Abstract:	System of rice intensification (SRI), practically considered as an agrological approach rather than a technology, has received a fair amount of attention in recent year in most of the rice growing countries. Transplanting of younger seedlings in wider spacing is the practice to be followed in SRI. But the literature indicated different age of seedlings and various plant spacing for this system of rice cultivation. Therefore, an experiment was conducted in split plot design with plant spacing in square pattern (20x20, 25x25, 30x30 and 40x40 em) as main-plots and age of seedlings (10,15 and 20 days) as sub-plots with three replications in 2004 and 2005 with some modifications in other practices. The statistical analysis revealed that days to heading, days to maturity, number of tillers/hill at 30 OAT, per cent of filled grains/panicle and 1000 grain weight were not affected by the spacing. But, panicles/hill at maturity was significantly higher under wider spacing of 40x40 em (18.2) than other spacing but panicles/unit area was remarkably lowest (114). Younger seedlings of 10 days old matured earlier and produced significantly higher number of panicles/m2 (186) with lower filled grains/panicle than older seedlings. The interactive effect of decreasing number of panicle number/m2 and filled grains/panicle from closer to wider spacing and younger to older seedlings resulted in non-significant differences in grain yield during both years of study. The overall result suggested that rice seedling from 10 to 20 days old can be transplanted in square pattern of20, 25, 30 and 40 em spacing.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Identification of level of field resistance to major diseases in Available genotypes of soybean at Nglrp, Rampur during 2005-2007
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	DB Gharti, Editor ; Darai, R., Author ; B.S Bastola, Author
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	402-409 p.
Keywords:	Soybean ; yellow mosaic virus disease management field resistance
Abstract:	This study was undertaken with a view to find out the level of field resistance to major diseases in available genotypes of soybean at National Grain Legume Research Program (NGLRP) Rampur during 062/063 and 063/064 B.S. and help recommend outstanding genotypes for general cultivation. A total of 58 genotypes in Observation Nursery (OBN), 20 genotypes in Co-ordinated Varietal Trial (CVT) and 7 cultivars in Pre-release Verification Trial (PRVT) were evaluated using nine point (1-9) rating scales. Mungbean yellow mosaic virus, bacterial pustules (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.glycines), rhizoctonia aerial blight (Rhizoctonia sofam} and pod blight (Colletotrichwn trtmcatum) were the major diseases observed under Rampur condition (inner terai). Twenty nine genotypes in OBN, 11 genotypes in CVT and six genotypes in PRVT were found to possess field resistance to multiple diseases. Genotypes like AGS 87-4, PI 94159, PI 368055, G 1873, CINA-2, G-8514, PI 200451, IPBSY-179, G-1871, G-8386, LS77-16-16, SB 0095, SB 0065, CM 9133, and PK 327 could be promoted to advanced trials and some of them could also be used as resistant donor in crossing program. Cultivars like PK 327, AGS 87-4 and PK 7394 have been performing very well all through and hence they could be released for general cultivation.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Long-term soil fertility management in rice-wheat cropping pattern of wheat at mid-hill of eastern region (2063/064)
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	SP Vista, Editor ; Thapa, Y.R., Author
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	410-414 p.
Abstract:	Wheat is second staple crop grown in Tarai as well as river basin and mid hills ofNepal. A pennanent field experiment was established since 1997 with three levels o ~ nutrients in seven treatments, two different sources of inorganic and organic manures and one without external sources of nutrients on a sandy-loam soil. Rice-wheat crops were supplied 80:15:15 and 50:15:15 kg NPK ha-1 respectively, and nitrogen only considered through organic sources. Rice-wheat crops were planted in the plots of 4m*4m were replicated four times. This experiment had been conducted at south farm of Agricultural Research Station Pakhribas (ARSP), this experimental plots represent the mid hills of Eastern Region (ER) where rice-wheat cropping pattern is followed. Deterioration of soil properties due to inadequate nutrient management and adverse change in climatic parameters are considered. Soil productivity is closely linked with soil organic matter (SOM) status. Annapurna variety was planted first week of October in both year of 2063 and 2064. The organic manure was supplied theN fixed on the basis oflaboratory test value but P and K was not adjusted and in case inor3 .. nic sources all NPK adjusted as levels fixed. During crop period highest temperature 24.15° centigrade was in September, where as minimum temperature 8.46° centigrade was recorded in November. Total rainfall occur during crop period was 725.6 mm in 69 days. Soil samples were collected periodically within 10 days after wheat harvest from the 0- to 15-cm soil depth using a tube auger. Nutrients status in case nitrogen percent 0.04 to 0.27, phosphorus I 0.19 to 65.49 ppm and potassium mnges from 25.37 to 38.25 ppm and soil texture is sandy loam. Grain yield and other agronomic parameters in 2062/06~ and 2063/064 were better in combination of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Selection of resistant genotypes of rice against blast (pyricularia grisea) and bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas Oryzae Pv. Oryzae) at rars, Parwanipur in 2005-2006
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	P.C.P. Chaurasia, Editor ; J.B Prasad, Author ; A Mandal, Author
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	415-423 p.
Abstract:	There were three hundred and twelve rice breeding lines/ varieties in National Rice Blast and National Bacterial Leaf Blight Screening Nurseries at RARS Parwanipur in 2005 including twenty-one rice varieties that were received from bora rice program of Parwanipur and repeated use of resistant and susceptible checks in ach twenty entries. The test entries were sown I transplanted in rod -row design at 10 and 25 em spacing of rows in national blast and BLB nurseries respectively. The test entries were sown/ transplanted on 20th and 21 •July 2005 respectively of Blast and BLB nurseries. Similar~ there were three hundred and forty test rice entries excluding repeated use of resistant and susceptible checks were seeded on 24 July 2006 in blast nursery and transplanted on 19th July 2006 Of BLB nursery . The test entries were inoculated. with local blast and BLB inocula on 5th September and 7th September 2006 and diseases were scored on ... 11th October 2006 respectively. The test entries were fertilized at the rate of 120:50:0 Kg NP.Kiha. 1N-l and Laxmi were used as susceptible and resistant checks in both the kind of nurseries. Blast and Bacterial Leaf Blight diseases were scored using 0-9 scale of IRRI. In blast nursery which was scored on 12th Sept.2005, all rice genotypes except susceptible check, Masuli (3), Sugandha 3-1 (3),Tarahara-1(3) and IR 744052-165-3-2 (2) were found free from Pyricularia grisea infection. In national BLB screening nursery which was inoculated on l01 h Sept. 2005 with local BLB inoculum and scored on 3111 October 2005 had fourteen rice genotypes free from bacterial leaf blight infection, two hundred and forty- eight genotypes were rated resistant and twelve genotypes were rated moderately susceptible and only one 1N-1 was fow1d susceptible. The genotypes of rice which were free from BLB and blast infection were WAT 316-WAS-B-Sl,RHS 392-13X-3CXOZA, SPR85163-5-l-2-4,ITA410, BR4684-13-1-1, OR367, NR1894-10-3-2-3, BAR! DHAN-28 ,NR 10488, Tainan-1, NR10375, YOANIAN-4, Gautam and I ~m. In blast nursery, out of three hundred forty test entries _, three hundred and twenty-one entries were rated resistant , one entry was found moderately susceptible and one entry was found suscepttble.in 2006. In BLB nursery, out of three hundred forty test entries three hundred and twenty -nine test entries were found resistant and eleven test entries were rated moderately susceptible in 2006.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Seed treatment evaluation of different fungicides to control blast disease of rice
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Vaidya, M.L., Editor ; Parajuli, G.P., Author
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	424-426 p.
Keywords:	Blast ; rice
Abstract:	Blast (Pyricularia o1yzae) is the serious problem of local Rice cultivar Jumli Marshi at high altitude region of Nepal and causes significant losses in yield. Thus, in order to detennine the chemical control against Blast disease grown at the irrigated condition, a field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Jumla, Nepal in 2004-2005 summer season. This rice variety, Jumli marshi local, was treated with different doses of chemicals like Beam, Bavistin and Hinosan. The most effective chemical on seed treatment was found to be Beam @2gm/kg of seed before sowing, which yielded 2842 kglha. whereas Beam @1.5gmlkg of seed treatment yielded 2224 kglha.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Varietal evaluation of rice for disease resistance in the high hills at Jumla
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Vaidya, M.L., Editor
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	427-428 p.
Keywords:	Sheath brown rot ; rice ;sheath blight
Abstract:	Sheath brown rot (Pseudomonoas fuscovaginae) Sheath blight (Rhizoctonia so/ani) disease recently is prevailing in Jumla so it has become quite necessary to carry out a study over it. Therefore, as an initiative this triaql has been conducted in Agricultural Research Station, Jumla to find out the resistant and susceptible genotype against this disease. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with nine treatments and three replications. The statistical analysis showed significant difference in terms of yield and diseases resistance among the nine genotypes evaluated NR 10288-0lSJ-OlSJ-7 and NR 10262-9-2-3 have been found resistant to both disease so far.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Sterlity management of house rat(Rattus Rattus) Population Using Botanicals
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	P.D Dhaubaji Shrestha, Editor
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	429-441 p.
Abstract:	An experiment on sterility of house rat (Rattus rattus) was conducted during the year 2004-2006 in Entomology Division Khumaltar in laboratory condition. Four botanicals namely Neem (Azadriracthta indica L. Juss) seed powder, Custard apple (Annona reticulata L) seed powder and Gorkhmundi (Sphaeranthus indica L) flower were tested by mixing@ 100 g per Kg and Neem oil@ 20 ml. per Kg in normal diet. The treatments were replicated four times. The treated diet was fed @ 80 gm per day per pair of rats. On the analysis of two years data, Neem seed powder, Neem oil and Custard apple seed powder found effective by checking pregnancy for one year, whereas Gorkhmundi flower powder could not be able to check the pregnancy.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Recovery of 15th applied and crop yields of rice and wheat with tillage and crop management practices under Rice-wheat cropping system in Parsa, Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Ram C Munankarmy, Editor ; Ganesh Sah, Author
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	442-454 p.
Abstract:	An experiment with tillage and crop establishment methods was carried out with collaboration from TAEAIFAO in Ranighat, Parsa, Nepal from 2002/03 to 2005/06 cropping cycle for exploring the nitrogen use efficiency in rice and wheat crops under new tillage system. Four treatments were included in the study- l.a conventional practices for rice and wheat (PTF/Clj, 2. transplanting rice in unpuddled bed and subsequently seeding wheat with minimum till drill without distuming the bed made for rice (UPTB/D), 3. seeding rice directly in flat field and subsequently seeding wheat with minimum till drill (UPDF/D), and 4. seeding rice in bed with paired rows without puddling and subsequently seeding wheat with minimum till drill on bed (UPDB/D). 15 N-labe1ed urea (5 atom%) was used to supply 100 and 120 kg N/ha for rice and wheat respectively to separate micro-plots of 1.0 m x 0.8 m for flat and 1.2 m x 0.65 m for bed. Mean rice grain yields were significantly higher at PTF/CT over new practices tested. Transplanted rice gave higher yield as compared to direct seeded rice in both bed and flat systems, but the yields between the bed and flat system within the planting method were insignificant. Similarly, significantly higher wheat yields were found at PTF/CT over rest of the treatments. Both rice and wheat yields were found to be decreased as the years advanced. Mean rice straw yields were insignificantly different but wheat straw yields were significantly higher at PTF/CT over other treatments. Mean N03-N at tillering stage of rice was significantly higher at UPDF/f' & UPDB/D than in transplanted rice in all three depths but not different at harvest. N03-N decreased with increase in depth at both stages. In wheat, mean N03-N measured at jointing stage were found to be significantly higher at bed than at flat within the same crop establishment method at 0-15 em depth, but similar trend was not found in other depths and at harvest. Mean NH4-N at tillering as well as at rice harvest was not significantly different due to treatments in all three depths. Again, the nitrogen variation with depths was not observed at both stages of rice crop. In wheat, NH4-N at jointing stage was significantly higher at UPDB/D over other treatments at 0-15 em depth, and the level decreased with the increase in sampling depth. Significantly higher recovery of applied 15N in rice plant was observed at PTF/CT (45.8%) over other treatments but the recovery was not different in soil. Similarly, in wheat plant significantly higher recovery of 31.1% was observed at PTF/CT over UPDF/D but in soil higher recovery was observed at UPTB/D over PTF/CT& UPDF/D. Mean of the treatments and the years, 38.1% of the applied 15N was recovered in rice plant of which 23.8% in grain & 14.7% in straw, and 16.6% in soil. In wheat crop, 26.0% was recovered in plant of which 20.7% in grain & 5.3% in straw, and 22.7% in soil. Mean N uptake by rice crop was significantly higher at PTF/CT over UPTB/D & UPDB/D. Mean N uptake by rice was found to be 107 kg /ha, .of which 66.2 kg by grain and 40.7 kg by straw. In wheat, N uptake was higher at PTF/CT than at UPTB/D & UPDB/D. Total N uptake by wheat was found to be 68.4 kg/ha of which 53.0 by grain and 15.4 by straw.
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Evaluation of level of resistance in paddy genotypes against bacterial leaf blight under bhairahawa condition
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Deepak Bhandari, Editor
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	455-459 p.
Abstract:	Bacterial leaf Blight (BB) is the most destructive disease of paddy at Bhairahawa and in areas of western terai having similar weather conditions. Use of resistant genotypes is durable, cheap and widely adoptable method of plant disease management. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the level of resistance in various paddy genotypes against BLB disease and to push up the appropriate paddy genotypes for the western terai region of Nepal. Several genotypes procured from different levels of varietal experiments were tested in rod rows during the year 2005 and 2006. The tested genotypes were artificially inoculated with BLB inoculums at about 45-50 days after transplanting following Kaufmanns's clipping method The inoculwns were collected from surrounding areas of Bhairahawa. The severity of BLB was comparatively high in the year 2005 than the year 2006. Based on disease score, out of290 and 380 genotypes tested under Bhairahawa condition, 150 and 208 genotypes had some level of resistance against BLB during the year 2005 and 2006 respectively. Based on the average score of both years 25 genotypes had stable and good level of resistance against the disease. Among them, BR 4962-12-4, Barlche 2001, Masuli/MT4#69, BRRI Dhan-26, NR 1988-2-3-5, IR 7699-44-3-3-1, Judi 508# 23 and Barkhe 2045 were the best genotypes having stable and higher level of resistance against BB. The higher frequencies of genotypes under highly resistant to resistant group in both the years indicate the constructive direction of our breeding strategies against the BLB disease
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in Summer crops research in Nepal: Proceedings of the 25th Summer Crops Workshop held at Kathmandu 21-23 June 2007 / Adhikari, N.P.

Title :	Effect of different fertilizers in reducing methane gas (Ch4) emission from rice fields
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	G Malla, Editor ; S. Aryal, Author ; A. Sharma, Author ; Y.G Dr. Khadka, Author ; K.K Sherchand, Author
Publication Date:	2010
Pagination:	460-464 p.
Keywords:	Global warming ; methane emission rice
Abstract:	Methane is the second most important "greenhouse gas "contributing 15% role in global warming. Effects of seven treatments i.e. Control, 100:30:30 NPK kglha, 50:0:0 + 15 em stubble, FYM 10 tonlha, Soybean 15 days old (GM), 100:30:30 NPKkglha +nitrification inhibitor 10% neem oil (Azadimchta melia) and 100:30:30 NPK kglha +ammonium sulfate (instead of urea) from LTFf (Soil Science Division) was observed at Khumaltar. The experiment was carried out in RCBD design with four replications. The closed chamber technique was used for samples collection and analyzed in Flame Ionization Detector (FID) in the Gas Chromatography (GC). Flux was ranged from 7.14 to 49.03 kglha. /rice growing period in control and 50%N + 15 em stubble respectively. Reduction in CH4 emissions in treatments neem oil and ammonium sulfate were 33.2% and 15% respectively. Application ofFYM and stubble increased CH4 emissions by 2.3% and 46.7% respectively. Higher yield 5.31 ton /ha was in the T 12 (NH4)2 S04 treated plots and lower 3.35 tonlha was in the control plot Global warming potential was found lower in soybean, neem oil and (NH4) 2 S04 and higher in stubble, FYM, suggesting that soybean, neem oil and sulfate fertilizer can be used for reducing CH4 from rice fields. Therefore, use of such materials should be encouraged. A monitoring system for greenhouse emission is a must for reducing global warming.
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