A total of 15 different ....

A total of 15 different ....

A total of 70

A total of 70

A Pre-production Verification Trial (PPVT) on normal rice was carried out by the PAC,
during 1996 summer season at farmers' fields.
On the basis of grain and straw yield, farmers' preferences and other agronomic
characteristics, Radha Krishna-9 and NR 604-1-1-3-4-18 have been identified as superior
varieties in this experiment. Similarly, IR 51672-37-3-2 has also shown encouraging result in
the farmers' fields and was equally good when compared with farmers' local with respect to
grain and straw yield.

A Pre-production Verification Trial (PPVT) on normal rice was carried out by the PAC,
during 1996 summer season at farmers' fields.
On the basis of grain and straw yield, farmers' preferences and other agronomic
characteristics, Radha Krishna-9 and NR 604-1-1-3-4-18 have been identified as superior
varieties in this experiment. Similarly, IR 51672-37-3-2 has also shown encouraging result in
the farmers' fields and was equally good when compared with farmers' local with respect to
grain and straw yield.

A total of thirty-four varieties of paddy were analyzed for their physical characteristics,
milling recovery physio-chemical and chemical composition (protein and ash only). Among
the tested thirty-four varieties the range ofvalues for rough rice; size (10.28-6.96 mm) shape
(6.00-2.15); thousand kernel weight (32.30-15.70 grams). Similarly, for rice size (7.84-4.75
mm), shape (4.87-1.68), thousand kernel weight (27.18-13.93 grams). In milling analysis husk
and milling recovery varied (23.67-17.75 %) at different polishing (15.19-6.55 %). The
calculated value for husk contents the difference of weight of 1000 kernel of paddy and
brown rice (22.57-11.27 %) and the milling recovery at 7 percent polishing (76.38-69.96
%).The range value for head rice (95.50-34.00 %). Alkali spreading score ranges 7-2,
clearing score 6-1; water absorption by the milled rice during cooking 176-25 %, kernel
expansion ratio 1.54-1.03. Protein and ash content brown rice at moisture free basis ranged
9.18-6.06 and 1.49-0.95 percentage respectively.
NR-10157, NR-10165, NR-10172, NR-10188, SPTIR-81399, Pusa Basmati, Himali, Pokhareli
Masino, Khumal-2, Khumal-5, etc were long and slender varieties. Taichung-176, Chainung-
242, Yongeng-3, Chhumrong Dhan, etc were short varieties. Kasturi, Kanchan, Basmati,
Himali have sweet and aromatic flavour when cooked.
Khumal-4, Taichung-176, Chainung-242, Meghdoot, Khumal-2, Kasturi gave higher milling
recovery with higher percentage of head rice. They have also low husk content.
Himali, Kanchan, Taichung-176, Kasturi, SPTIR-81399 having higher water absorption as
well as kernel elongation ratio showed special precaution should be taken during cooking.
Radha-4,Radha-7, Radha-7, Sabitri, Masuli, Meghdoot (Radha-11), Khumal-4, Ghaiya-2,
Chaite-4 gave lower value for alkali spreading and clearing score showing high amylose
content, consequently lower water absorption properly.

A total of thirty-four varieties of paddy were analyzed for their physical characteristics,
milling recovery physio-chemical and chemical composition (protein and ash only). Among
the tested thirty-four varieties the range ofvalues for rough rice; size (10.28-6.96 mm) shape
(6.00-2.15); thousand kernel weight (32.30-15.70 grams). Similarly, for rice size (7.84-4.75
mm), shape (4.87-1.68), thousand kernel weight (27.18-13.93 grams). In milling analysis husk
and milling recovery varied (23.67-17.75 %) at different polishing (15.19-6.55 %). The
calculated value for husk contents the difference of weight of 1000 kernel of paddy and
brown rice (22.57-11.27 %) and the milling recovery at 7 percent polishing (76.38-69.96
%).The range value for head rice (95.50-34.00 %). Alkali spreading score ranges 7-2,
clearing score 6-1; water absorption by the milled rice during cooking 176-25 %, kernel
expansion ratio 1.54-1.03. Protein and ash content brown rice at moisture free basis ranged
9.18-6.06 and 1.49-0.95 percentage respectively.
NR-10157, NR-10165, NR-10172, NR-10188, SPTIR-81399, Pusa Basmati, Himali, Pokhareli
Masino, Khumal-2, Khumal-5, etc were long and slender varieties. Taichung-176, Chainung-
242, Yongeng-3, Chhumrong Dhan, etc were short varieties. Kasturi, Kanchan, Basmati,
Himali have sweet and aromatic flavour when cooked.
Khumal-4, Taichung-176, Chainung-242, Meghdoot, Khumal-2, Kasturi gave higher milling
recovery with higher percentage of head rice. They have also low husk content.
Himali, Kanchan, Taichung-176, Kasturi, SPTIR-81399 having higher water absorption as
well as kernel elongation ratio showed special precaution should be taken during cooking.
Radha-4,Radha-7, Radha-7, Sabitri, Masuli, Meghdoot (Radha-11), Khumal-4, Ghaiya-2,
Chaite-4 gave lower value for alkali spreading and clearing score showing high amylose
content, consequently lower water absorption properly.

In Terai, Inner Terai & Tars of mid and far westem region, irrigation facllity is in limited area
about 25% (DAOs). Therefore, the most of the following rice reseccrch activities except CVT
(Normal) were conducted under railifecl condition with an objective to identify the genotypes
having better and suitable traits over the popular e.·dsting varieties. The popular e.\:isting
varieties are Radha-4, Glwiya-2, Janki, K/rajura-2, Masuli ami Radlza-7. /11 addition to those
varieties some are Indian varieties like Jaya, Soryug -52, Pant-10, Pant-11 and lndrason, are
being grown in the pockets.

In Terai, Inner Terai & Tars of mid and far westem region, irrigation facllity is in limited area
about 25% (DAOs). Therefore, the most of the following rice reseccrch activities except CVT
(Normal) were conducted under railifecl condition with an objective to identify the genotypes
having better and suitable traits over the popular e.·dsting varieties. The popular e.\:isting
varieties are Radha-4, Glwiya-2, Janki, K/rajura-2, Masuli ami Radlza-7. /11 addition to those
varieties some are Indian varieties like Jaya, Soryug -52, Pant-10, Pant-11 and lndrason, are
being grown in the pockets.

The experiment was conducted at National Rice Research Program, Parwanipur during
1996 raining (normal) season to find out cut off planting date for different rice varieties
under rainfed lowland conditions. Five rice varieties with two seedling age were planted in
four dates. Out of five rice varieties tested, Chaite-4 and local Basmati performed better by
producing grain yield of 1994 kg/ha and 1295 kg/ha respectively in planted on Bhadra 15
(September 3) condition.

The experiment was conducted at National Rice Research Program, Parwanipur during
1996 raining (normal) season to find out cut off planting date for different rice varieties
under rainfed lowland conditions. Five rice varieties with two seedling age were planted in
four dates. Out of five rice varieties tested, Chaite-4 and local Basmati performed better by
producing grain yield of 1994 kg/ha and 1295 kg/ha respectively in planted on Bhadra 15
(September 3) condition.

The field experiment was carried out at RARS, Tarahara in split plot design with four
replications to find out the optimum age of seedlings for promising normal season rice
genotypes in ETR. Four genotypes (BR-153, NR601-1-3-1-2, RP1017 and OR-142) were
assigned in main plots and five different seedling ages (20 days, 30 days 40 days 50 days and
60 days) were allotted in sub-plots. The result revealed the significant effect on grain yield
due to age of seedlings. Thirty days old seedlings produced highest grain yield (4.12 t/ha)
irrespective of tested genotypes. The interaction effect between age of seedling and
genotypes was also found highly significant. Genotype RP-1017 was observed to be the
highest yielder (4.89 t/ha) at 40 days old seedling followed by NR 601-1-3-1-2 (4.69 t/ha) at
20 days old seedling. The genotypes BR-153, NR 601 and OR:-142 showed at par yield while
planting 20-50 days old seedlings. But RP-1 017 failed to produce good yield when 20 days
old seedling was transplanted. However, its yield was at par with 30,40, 50 and 60 days old
seedling. Hence this genotype may suit for the older seedling transplanting incase of erratic
rainfall condition.

The field experiment was carried out at RARS, Tarahara in split plot design with four
replications to find out the optimum age of seedlings for promising normal season rice
genotypes in ETR. Four genotypes (BR-153, NR601-1-3-1-2, RP1017 and OR-142) were
assigned in main plots and five different seedling ages (20 days, 30 days 40 days 50 days and
60 days) were allotted in sub-plots. The result revealed the significant effect on grain yield
due to age of seedlings. Thirty days old seedlings produced highest grain yield (4.12 t/ha)
irrespective of tested genotypes. The interaction effect between age of seedling and
genotypes was also found highly significant. Genotype RP-1017 was observed to be the
highest yielder (4.89 t/ha) at 40 days old seedling followed by NR 601-1-3-1-2 (4.69 t/ha) at
20 days old seedling. The genotypes BR-153, NR 601 and OR:-142 showed at par yield while
planting 20-50 days old seedlings. But RP-1 017 failed to produce good yield when 20 days
old seedling was transplanted. However, its yield was at par with 30,40, 50 and 60 days old
seedling. Hence this genotype may suit for the older seedling transplanting incase of erratic
rainfall condition.

The field experiment was carried out at RARS, Tarahara in split plot design with four
replications to find out the optimum age of seedlings for promising normal season rice
genotypes in ETR. Four genotypes (BR-153, NR601-1-3-1-2, RP1017 and OR-142) were
assigned in main plots and five different seedling ages (20 days, 30 days 40 days 50 days and
60 days) were allotted in sub-plots. The result revealed the significant effect on grain yield
due to age of seedlings. Thirty days old seedlings produced highest grain yield (4.12 t/ha)
irrespective of tested genotypes. The interaction effect between age of seedling and
genotypes was also found highly significant. Genotype RP-1017 was observed to be the
highest yielder (4.89 t/ha) at 40 days old seedling followed by NR 601-1-3-1-2 (4.69 t/ha) at
20 days old seedling. The genotypes BR-153, NR 601 and OR:-142 showed at par yield while
planting 20-50 days old seedlings. But RP-1 017 failed to produce good yield when 20 days
old seedling was transplanted. However, its yield was at par with 30,40, 50 and 60 days old
seedling. Hence this genotype may suit for the older seedling transplanting incase of erratic
rainfall condition.

The field experiment was carried out at RARS, Tarahara in split plot design with four
replications to find out the optimum age of seedlings for promising normal season rice
genotypes in ETR. Four genotypes (BR-153, NR601-1-3-1-2, RP1017 and OR-142) were
assigned in main plots and five different seedling ages (20 days, 30 days 40 days 50 days and
60 days) were allotted in sub-plots. The result revealed the significant effect on grain yield
due to age of seedlings. Thirty days old seedlings produced highest grain yield (4.12 t/ha)
irrespective of tested genotypes. The interaction effect between age of seedling and
genotypes was also found highly significant. Genotype RP-1017 was observed to be the
highest yielder (4.89 t/ha) at 40 days old seedling followed by NR 601-1-3-1-2 (4.69 t/ha) at
20 days old seedling. The genotypes BR-153, NR 601 and OR:-142 showed at par yield while
planting 20-50 days old seedlings. But RP-1 017 failed to produce good yield when 20 days
old seedling was transplanted. However, its yield was at par with 30,40, 50 and 60 days old
seedling. Hence this genotype may suit for the older seedling transplanting incase of erratic
rainfall condition.

The root system of five rice genotypes were studied to identify ·d.rought tolerant genotypes
for rainfed areas. The study was undertaken by using modified monolith method at
National Rice Research Program Parwanipur in Normal rice season during 1996. Genotypes
like Radha-11, Radha-4, Sabitri and Masuli were found better with regard to root length,
root mass & shoot mass up to 90 days after seeding. But, root length of Radha-4 and Sabitri
was found longer than that of the other tested genotypes at 120 days after seeding. Root
mass and shoot mass of Masuli & Sabitri were found higher than those of other tested
genotypes. Thus, Radha-4 and Sabitri seemed suitable varieties to promote in rainfed
conditions.

The root system of five rice genotypes were studied to identify ·d.rought tolerant genotypes
for rainfed areas. The study was undertaken by using modified monolith method at
National Rice Research Program Parwanipur in Normal rice season during 1996. Genotypes
like Radha-11, Radha-4, Sabitri and Masuli were found better with regard to root length,
root mass & shoot mass up to 90 days after seeding. But, root length of Radha-4 and Sabitri
was found longer than that of the other tested genotypes at 120 days after seeding. Root
mass and shoot mass of Masuli & Sabitri were found higher than those of other tested
genotypes. Thus, Radha-4 and Sabitri seemed suitable varieties to promote in rainfed
conditions.

Field experiments ·were conducted during the normal season of 1994 and 1995 at the
National Rice Research Program, Parwanipur under rainfed lowland condition. The
objective of the experiment was to find out the effect of age of seedling on grain yield of
thr:ee rice genotypes namely Radha-11 , RP 101 7, and RD-21. Seedling age up to 55 days did
not reduce the grain yield of tested rice genotypes. Days to maturity increased with the
increase in age of seedlings. Results of this study indicates that farmers can use older
seedlings of these genotypes without losing grain yield. However, younger seedlings rna~ be
preferred for transplanting to suit in to rice-wheat cropping pattern.

Field experiments ·were conducted during the normal season of 1994 and 1995 at the
National Rice Research Program, Parwanipur under rainfed lowland condition. The
objective of the experiment was to find out the effect of age of seedling on grain yield of
thr:ee rice genotypes namely Radha-11 , RP 101 7, and RD-21. Seedling age up to 55 days did
not reduce the grain yield of tested rice genotypes. Days to maturity increased with the
increase in age of seedlings. Results of this study indicates that farmers can use older
seedlings of these genotypes without losing grain yield. However, younger seedlings rna~ be
preferred for transplanting to suit in to rice-wheat cropping pattern.

Morphophysiological study in rice was conducted in split plot design with six nitrogen levels
(0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kglha) as main plot and five rice genotypes viz ':bdha-11, Radha-
17, Radha-82, BP-13-2 and Makwanpur as subplot. Leaf area index ofRadha-1 1 & Radha-
1 7 gave similar respond to application of more than 90 kg N/ha & gave similar LAI with 30
and 60 kg N/ha. at 30 DAS. Where as at 60 DAS, none of the varieties varied in LAI with
application of more than 60 kg N/ha. At 120 DAS, Radha-82 did not differ in leaf area index
up to application of 90 kg N/ha and rest varieties produce similar LAI with application of
30 to 120 kg N/ha. Varieties like Radha-11, Radha-17, BPI 3-2 and Makwanpur did not
respond to more than 90kg N/ha for TOM at 30 DAS. Where as Radha-82 gave response
up to 120 kg N/ha. At 60 DAS & rest of tested varieties were similar with the application of
150 kg N/ha. At 120 DAS, total dry matter production was increased up to 120 kg N/ha in
all the tested varieties except Radha-1 1 and BPI 3-2. Where as it was respond only use of
90 kg N/ha in Radha-17, 824 Makwanpur-1 at 30 DAS. Radha-17 and BPI 3-2 responded
up to 90-120 kg N/ha at 60 to 120 DAS. Higher CGR was found in Radha-1 1, Radha-17 &
BP-13-2 with increasing' dose of N application level. But Makwanpur-1 had highest CGR
with the application of 150 kg N/ha in 1 120 DAS. The yield ·was ·not found differ use of more
than 90 kg N/ha in all tested genotypes.

Morphophysiological study in rice was conducted in split plot design with six nitrogen levels
(0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kglha) as main plot and five rice genotypes viz ':bdha-11, Radha-
17, Radha-82, BP-13-2 and Makwanpur as subplot. Leaf area index ofRadha-1 1 & Radha-
1 7 gave similar respond to application of more than 90 kg N/ha & gave similar LAI with 30
and 60 kg N/ha. at 30 DAS. Where as at 60 DAS, none of the varieties varied in LAI with
application of more than 60 kg N/ha. At 120 DAS, Radha-82 did not differ in leaf area index
up to application of 90 kg N/ha and rest varieties produce similar LAI with application of
30 to 120 kg N/ha. Varieties like Radha-11, Radha-17, BPI 3-2 and Makwanpur did not
respond to more than 90kg N/ha for TOM at 30 DAS. Where as Radha-82 gave response
up to 120 kg N/ha. At 60 DAS & rest of tested varieties were similar with the application of
150 kg N/ha. At 120 DAS, total dry matter production was increased up to 120 kg N/ha in
all the tested varieties except Radha-1 1 and BPI 3-2. Where as it was respond only use of
90 kg N/ha in Radha-17, 824 Makwanpur-1 at 30 DAS. Radha-17 and BPI 3-2 responded
up to 90-120 kg N/ha at 60 to 120 DAS. Higher CGR was found in Radha-1 1, Radha-17 &
BP-13-2 with increasing' dose of N application level. But Makwanpur-1 had highest CGR
with the application of 150 kg N/ha in 1 120 DAS. The yield ·was ·not found differ use of more
than 90 kg N/ha in all tested genotypes.

Two separate experiment were conducted at Khumaltar (mid-hill) and Parwanipur (terai)
to find out the performance of planting methods and weed management on yield and weed
dynamics and its succeeding effect on wheat and wheat weeds in rice wheat cropping
pattern. Design of the trial was split-plot replicated thrice with plot size of 2m x 3m
(Khumal) and 3m x Sm (Parwanipur). Varieties used were Khumal-4 (Khumal) and Radha-
11 (Parwanipur. The main plots comprises of 3 planting methods such as direct seeding of
on dry soil, direct seeding of sprout seeds in wet soil and transplanting while the sub-plot
consists of 5 weed management practices such as weedy check, weed free hand weeding two
pre-emergence application of butachlor @ 2 Uha, and pre-emergence of butachlor @ 1 Vha
+ one hand weeding. In Parwanipur there was a visual diffe-rences on weed dynamics in
different planting methods. Caesulitt ttxillares, Jsclwemum rugo.mm, Ecltilwcllloa sp. were
more in number in direct seeding rice while Fimhris(vlis littorttlis, Cyperus iria were more
in transplanting.
Plant height was not significantly different in both the locations showing that the varieties
could be planted in direct deeding method saving time. Tillers per method square in weed
management practices have also shown a significant difference in both the locations. But in
planting methods this was not significantly different in Khumal condition. From the result
two locations it could be summarized that significantly less gra~sy weeds (Khumal) and
broad leaf (Parwanipur) were recorded in transplanting method. In Parwanipur weeds like
Cyperus iritt, Fimbrisrylis littoralis were more in transplanting method while lsclwemum
rugosum, Ecllillocll/oa sp. Caesulitt ttxillaris were less but these weeds were more in direct
seeding method. In Khumal significantly higher number of grassy weeds were recorded in
direct seeding than in transplanting method. Regarding the grain yield, no significant
difference was recorded due different planting methods. It showed that the tested varieties
can be directly seeded which save the labor cost seed bed raising and transplanting. The rice
yield can be increased with an integrated weed management practice.

Two separate experiment were conducted at Khumaltar (mid-hill) and Parwanipur (terai)
to find out the performance of planting methods and weed management on yield and weed
dynamics and its succeeding effect on wheat and wheat weeds in rice wheat cropping
pattern. Design of the trial was split-plot replicated thrice with plot size of 2m x 3m
(Khumal) and 3m x Sm (Parwanipur). Varieties used were Khumal-4 (Khumal) and Radha-
11 (Parwanipur. The main plots comprises of 3 planting methods such as direct seeding of
on dry soil, direct seeding of sprout seeds in wet soil and transplanting while the sub-plot
consists of 5 weed management practices such as weedy check, weed free hand weeding two
pre-emergence application of butachlor @ 2 Uha, and pre-emergence of butachlor @ 1 Vha
+ one hand weeding. In Parwanipur there was a visual diffe-rences on weed dynamics in
different planting methods. Caesulitt ttxillares, Jsclwemum rugo.mm, Ecltilwcllloa sp. were
more in number in direct seeding rice while Fimhris(vlis littorttlis, Cyperus iria were more
in transplanting.
Plant height was not significantly different in both the locations showing that the varieties
could be planted in direct deeding method saving time. Tillers per method square in weed
management practices have also shown a significant difference in both the locations. But in
planting methods this was not significantly different in Khumal condition. From the result
two locations it could be summarized that significantly less gra~sy weeds (Khumal) and
broad leaf (Parwanipur) were recorded in transplanting method. In Parwanipur weeds like
Cyperus iritt, Fimbrisrylis littoralis were more in transplanting method while lsclwemum
rugosum, Ecllillocll/oa sp. Caesulitt ttxillaris were less but these weeds were more in direct
seeding method. In Khumal significantly higher number of grassy weeds were recorded in
direct seeding than in transplanting method. Regarding the grain yield, no significant
difference was recorded due different planting methods. It showed that the tested varieties
can be directly seeded which save the labor cost seed bed raising and transplanting. The rice
yield can be increased with an integrated weed management practice.

The study was conducted at RARS, Siddhartha Nagar during 1994/95 and 1995/96 in a split
plot design with 3 replications. Main plot factor was bund height (15 em, 25 em & 35 em) and
sub-plot factor was planting methods (dry seed sowing, germinated seed sowing and
transplanting method).
Transplanting method was found to be the highest yielder, irrespective of bond heights, in
both the years. Variance of grain yields of both years analyzed separately showed that
method of planting differed significantly at 1% level.
Average of two years also showed that highest grain yield was obtained by transplanting
method at each bund height; with increases in grain yields by corresponding increases in bund
heights which do not apply in case of dry seeding and germinated seed sowing method. In
case of transplanting method, linear relationship between grain yield and bond height might
have established due to corresponding results of average standing rain water in the fields.

The study was conducted at RARS, Siddhartha Nagar during 1994/95 and 1995/96 in a split
plot design with 3 replications. Main plot factor was bund height (15 em, 25 em & 35 em) and
sub-plot factor was planting methods (dry seed sowing, germinated seed sowing and
transplanting method).
Transplanting method was found to be the highest yielder, irrespective of bond heights, in
both the years. Variance of grain yields of both years analyzed separately showed that
method of planting differed significantly at 1% level.
Average of two years also showed that highest grain yield was obtained by transplanting
method at each bund height; with increases in grain yields by corresponding increases in bund
heights which do not apply in case of dry seeding and germinated seed sowing method. In
case of transplanting method, linear relationship between grain yield and bond height might
have established due to corresponding results of average standing rain water in the fields.

A long term fertility experiment in rice-wheat rotation has been in progress since more than
a decade at RARS, Parwanipur. This report addresses the results · obtained after 15th
rice/wheat (1995/96) and 16th rice (1996/97) harvest.
The results indicated that the balanced use of NPK (100:30:30 kg/ha) along with Zn (ZnS04
@ 25 kg/ha) in rice and the same amount of NPK in wheat were the best combination in
respect to grain yield of both the crops. The effect of Zn in addition to NPK was found
nominal in case of rice but, the residual Zn with NPK markedly enhanced the yield of wheat.
The combined effect of NPK was highly significant over N, N+P and N+K in both rice and
wheat. The use of FYM along with 50 kg N/ha in rice and residual FYM plus NPK in wheat
showed the significant superiority over FYM alone. Regarding the effect of imbalanced use
of fertilizers, a fluctuated yield trend was observed. The soil analysis results showed an
increased organic carbon content and maintained soil P" value due to application of FYM
and chopped straw in each year.

A long term fertility experiment in rice-wheat rotation has been in progress since more than
a decade at RARS, Parwanipur. This report addresses the results · obtained after 15th
rice/wheat (1995/96) and 16th rice (1996/97) harvest.
The results indicated that the balanced use of NPK (100:30:30 kg/ha) along with Zn (ZnS04
@ 25 kg/ha) in rice and the same amount of NPK in wheat were the best combination in
respect to grain yield of both the crops. The effect of Zn in addition to NPK was found
nominal in case of rice but, the residual Zn with NPK markedly enhanced the yield of wheat.
The combined effect of NPK was highly significant over N, N+P and N+K in both rice and
wheat. The use of FYM along with 50 kg N/ha in rice and residual FYM plus NPK in wheat
showed the significant superiority over FYM alone. Regarding the effect of imbalanced use
of fertilizers, a fluctuated yield trend was observed. The soil analysis results showed an
increased organic carbon content and maintained soil P" value due to application of FYM
and chopped straw in each year.

The grain yield of r.ice through a combined application of nitrogen, phosphorous and potash
and nitrogen alone was observed in longterm fertility trial at RARS, Tarahara. The residual
effect of phosphorous (40 kg/ha) and Potash (30 kg/ha) with nitrogen (100 kg/ha) over the
current application of nitrogen {1 00 kg/ha ), phosphorous {30 kg/ha) and potash {20 kglha )
revealed the highest medium-positive response among nine treatments to the grain yield of
rice in a period of four years experiment. The effect of nitrogen on grain yield of rice when
applied at the rate of 100 kg/ha alone or in combination with phosphorous (30 kg/ha) or
potash (30 kg/ha) a nd with phosphorous and potash (30 kg/ha each) has also indicated the
medium positive response over nitrogen applied@ 50 kg/ha alone or in combination with 20
lig/ha of phosphorous without any combination with potash .. Similarly the effect of organic
manure alone applied continuously @ 10 ton farmyard manure (FYM)/ha also showed the
mf.:' ilium-positive response after the combination of 100 kg/ha with phosphorous and potash,
to the grain yield of rice in the trials. The potash when applied @ 30 kg/ha in combination
with nitrogen (1 00 kg/ha) or with 100 kg nitrogen and 30 kg phosphorous/Ita has also tended
to show medium-positive response over the application of phosphorous (30 kg/ha) in
combination ith nitrogen (1 00 kg/ha ) alone or with nitrogen (1 00 kg/ha) and potash (30
kg/ha) to the grain yield of rice.

The grain yield of r.ice through a combined application of nitrogen, phosphorous and potash
and nitrogen alone was observed in longterm fertility trial at RARS, Tarahara. The residual
effect of phosphorous (40 kg/ha) and Potash (30 kg/ha) with nitrogen (100 kg/ha) over the
current application of nitrogen {1 00 kg/ha ), phosphorous {30 kg/ha) and potash {20 kglha )
revealed the highest medium-positive response among nine treatments to the grain yield of
rice in a period of four years experiment. The effect of nitrogen on grain yield of rice when
applied at the rate of 100 kg/ha alone or in combination with phosphorous (30 kg/ha) or
potash (30 kg/ha) a nd with phosphorous and potash (30 kg/ha each) has also indicated the
medium positive response over nitrogen applied@ 50 kg/ha alone or in combination with 20
lig/ha of phosphorous without any combination with potash .. Similarly the effect of organic
manure alone applied continuously @ 10 ton farmyard manure (FYM)/ha also showed the
mf.:' ilium-positive response after the combination of 100 kg/ha with phosphorous and potash,
to the grain yield of rice in the trials. The potash when applied @ 30 kg/ha in combination
with nitrogen (1 00 kg/ha) or with 100 kg nitrogen and 30 kg phosphorous/Ita has also tended
to show medium-positive response over the application of phosphorous (30 kg/ha) in
combination ith nitrogen (1 00 kg/ha ) alone or with nitrogen (1 00 kg/ha) and potash (30
kg/ha) to the grain yield of rice.

Sixty seven rice varieties/lines including ten differential varieties, a resis~ant and susceptible
check were tested in International Rice Gall Midge Nursery (IRGMN) during the wet season
of 1995 and 1996; and 179 varieties/advance lines were tested in National Rice Gall Midge
Nursery (NRGMN) during the wet season of 1996 at Chaughara, Makwanpur. Based on the
mean score of the two years the differential variety Eswarakora was found highly resistant.
Another differential variety, Veluthancheera and the test entry PTB 21 (Tekkan) were found
highly resistant to rice gall midge during 1995, but was not tested during 1996. The variety,
Eswarakora is suggested to use in breeding program as a resistant donor for developing gall
midge resistant varieties. The lines W 1263, OR 148-1-44 and PTB 12 were also moderately
resistance rice gall midge and should be tested in yield trials. Similarly out of 179 genotypes
tested in NRGMN, only NR 1004-22-1-4-1-1-1-2-2 was found moderately resistant to this
insect. The grain yield ofNR 1004-22-1-4-1-1-1-2-2 in IETRL-E was at par the check variety
Radha 4 at Parwaniput: and should be further evaluate at the hot spot. Eswarakora is
considered as the source of resistant against China Thailand, Raipur, Andhra Pradesh and
Bihar biotype. The other varieties resistant against China, Raipur and Andhra Prasesh
biotype are susceptible to gall midge population at Chaughara. Differential reaction of
Eswarakora indicates the possibility of a similar biotype of the insect in Chaughara as that
of Thailand and Bihar.

Sixty seven rice varieties/lines including ten differential varieties, a resis~ant and susceptible
check were tested in International Rice Gall Midge Nursery (IRGMN) during the wet season
of 1995 and 1996; and 179 varieties/advance lines were tested in National Rice Gall Midge
Nursery (NRGMN) during the wet season of 1996 at Chaughara, Makwanpur. Based on the
mean score of the two years the differential variety Eswarakora was found highly resistant.
Another differential variety, Veluthancheera and the test entry PTB 21 (Tekkan) were found
highly resistant to rice gall midge during 1995, but was not tested during 1996. The variety,
Eswarakora is suggested to use in breeding program as a resistant donor for developing gall
midge resistant varieties. The lines W 1263, OR 148-1-44 and PTB 12 were also moderately
resistance rice gall midge and should be tested in yield trials. Similarly out of 179 genotypes
tested in NRGMN, only NR 1004-22-1-4-1-1-1-2-2 was found moderately resistant to this
insect. The grain yield ofNR 1004-22-1-4-1-1-1-2-2 in IETRL-E was at par the check variety
Radha 4 at Parwaniput: and should be further evaluate at the hot spot. Eswarakora is
considered as the source of resistant against China Thailand, Raipur, Andhra Pradesh and
Bihar biotype. The other varieties resistant against China, Raipur and Andhra Prasesh
biotype are susceptible to gall midge population at Chaughara. Differential reaction of
Eswarakora indicates the possibility of a similar biotype of the insect in Chaughara as that
of Thailand and Bihar.

Assessment of damage of rice grains to the rice bug, Leptocorisa orator/us (F.), was carried
out in the command area of Sunsari, Bara Chitwan, Rupandehi and Banke districts in Terai,
during the wet season of 1994iii'd 1 mr-and 'Qryseason ~6 in Klvre district in the hill.
The percentage of filled grains with stylet sheaths were found 0.38 during 1994 and 0.55 in
1995 in normal rice where as in the early rice it was recorded 1.95 during 1996. Similarly the
percentage of unfilled grains with stylet sheaths found to be 0.14 and 1.06 in normal rice
during 1994 and 1995 respectively; where as in early rice the damage was 1.15 percent in
1996. The filled non-punctured grains were recorded at 79.44 and 87.66 in normal rice of
1994 and 1995, respectively; and also in early rice filled non-punctured grains were found to
be 80.18 percent during 1996. Similarly, the percentage of unfilled non-punctured grains
were 20.11 and 10.99 in normal rice during 1994 and 1995 and 17.61 in early rice during
1996. The acid fuhsine method was the most accurate and reliable method to quantify rice
bug damage. The unfilled grins could be probably due to some other reasons such as
physiological disorder, nutrient imbalance and genetic make-up of a rice cultivar rather
than rice bug damage alone.

Assessment of damage of rice grains to the rice bug, Leptocorisa orator/us (F.), was carried
out in the command area of Sunsari, Bara Chitwan, Rupandehi and Banke districts in Terai,
during the wet season of 1994iii'd 1 mr-and 'Qryseason ~6 in Klvre district in the hill.
The percentage of filled grains with stylet sheaths were found 0.38 during 1994 and 0.55 in
1995 in normal rice where as in the early rice it was recorded 1.95 during 1996. Similarly the
percentage of unfilled grains with stylet sheaths found to be 0.14 and 1.06 in normal rice
during 1994 and 1995 respectively; where as in early rice the damage was 1.15 percent in
1996. The filled non-punctured grains were recorded at 79.44 and 87.66 in normal rice of
1994 and 1995, respectively; and also in early rice filled non-punctured grains were found to
be 80.18 percent during 1996. Similarly, the percentage of unfilled non-punctured grains
were 20.11 and 10.99 in normal rice during 1994 and 1995 and 17.61 in early rice during
1996. The acid fuhsine method was the most accurate and reliable method to quantify rice
bug damage. The unfilled grins could be probably due to some other reasons such as
physiological disorder, nutrient imbalance and genetic make-up of a rice cultivar rather
than rice bug damage alone.

A total of 220 rice genotypes included in National Rice Bacterial leaf Blight Nursery were
evaluated for bacterial leaf blight resistance in the 1996 wet season. The screening nursery
was conducted at Tarahara, Hardinath, Panvanipur and Bhairahawa. None of the test
ge.notypes showed resistant reaction to the disease over all the locations. Disease intensity at
Tarahara was very high. Excluding Tarahara location, 33 rice lines rated resistant reaction
over the rest three locations ..

A total of 220 rice genotypes included in National Rice Bacterial leaf Blight Nursery were
evaluated for bacterial leaf blight resistance in the 1996 wet season. The screening nursery
was conducted at Tarahara, Hardinath, Panvanipur and Bhairahawa. None of the test
ge.notypes showed resistant reaction to the disease over all the locations. Disease intensity at
Tarahara was very high. Excluding Tarahara location, 33 rice lines rated resistant reaction
over the rest three locations ..

Evaluation of National Rice Blast Nursery (NRBN) at five locations, International Rice Blast
Nursery (IRRBN) af two locations and other various rice genotypes at Ram pur was carried
out for resistance in rice to blast during the 1996 wet season. Data of NRBN from Tarahah,
Parwanipur, Ram pur and Lumle; data of IRBN from Parwanipur and Rampur, and data of
other 486 entries from Rampur were compiled and interpreted. In NRBN, out of 220 test
entries, 40 lines were recorded as resistant to the disease over the four locations and DR
4962-12-4-1, IR 51673-50-2-1, IR 44595 and OR 363 were found highly resistant over tli'e
locations. In IRBN, of 235 rice genotypes, 82 lines were resistant to the disease o.ver the two
locations. In IR-Iines, most of the test lines showed resistant reaction. Similarly;41 out of 58
lines rated resistant in hybridization screening nursery and 204 rice lines out of 352 test lines
were selected from 16th· National Rice Observation Nursery fot further evaluation·

Evaluation of National Rice Blast Nursery (NRBN) at five locations, International Rice Blast
Nursery (IRRBN) af two locations and other various rice genotypes at Ram pur was carried
out for resistance in rice to blast during the 1996 wet season. Data of NRBN from Tarahah,
Parwanipur, Ram pur and Lumle; data of IRBN from Parwanipur and Rampur, and data of
other 486 entries from Rampur were compiled and interpreted. In NRBN, out of 220 test
entries, 40 lines were recorded as resistant to the disease over the four locations and DR
4962-12-4-1, IR 51673-50-2-1, IR 44595 and OR 363 were found highly resistant over tli'e
locations. In IRBN, of 235 rice genotypes, 82 lines were resistant to the disease o.ver the two
locations. In IR-Iines, most of the test lines showed resistant reaction. Similarly;41 out of 58
lines rated resistant in hybridization screening nursery and 204 rice lines out of 352 test lines
were selected from 16th· National Rice Observation Nursery fot further evaluation·

One hundred and ninety eight breeding lines including resistant and susceptible checks
were tested in NRBN and NRBBN at Tarahara in 1996. One hundred and sixty breeding
lines were found resistant to blast. Eighteen, nine and eight breeding lines were
respectively rated as moderately resistant, moderately susceptible and susceptible to
blast. None of the breeding lines was found resistant to bacterial leaf blight. Zero,
seventy, one hundred and eighteen and eight breeding lines were respectively found to be
moderately resistant, moderately susceptible, susceptible and highly susceptible to blight.
Fifty one out of one hundred and sixty breeding lines resistant to blast were found
moderately susceptible to blight.

One hundred and ninety eight breeding lines including resistant and susceptible checks
were tested in NRBN and NRBBN at Tarahara in 1996. One hundred and sixty breeding
lines were found resistant to blast. Eighteen, nine and eight breeding lines were
respectively rated as moderately resistant, moderately susceptible and susceptible to
blast. None of the breeding lines was found resistant to bacterial leaf blight. Zero,
seventy, one hundred and eighteen and eight breeding lines were respectively found to be
moderately resistant, moderately susceptible, susceptible and highly susceptible to blight.
Fifty one out of one hundred and sixty breeding lines resistant to blast were found
moderately susceptible to blight.

This paper highlights the major achievements of outreach research programmer conducted
byARS, Kahre during 1996 summer. Outreach research programmer has been conducted
mainly in 3 YDCs i.e. Kahre and Mati YDC in Dolakha district (Mid and high hills) and
Khimti YDC in Ramechhap district (Low/foot hills). These YDCs represent high hill, mid hill
and low hill environments.
Of the total trials conducted in the farmers field, 31 were varietal performance study on rice,
maize, millet, buckwheat and fmger millet and one maize millet management study. Finger
millet genotypes GE5177, GE5001 and GE 5175 were found better in terai condition where as
in mid hill condition genotypes GE0122 and GE5176 were superior. Early rice genotypes
ON576, BG1442 and IR59606 found better in low hill (Khimti) condition. In maize, cultivar
Mana-1 and Arun-1 were better in low hills. This report only include the findings of rice
research done at outreach research sites.

This paper highlights the major achievements of outreach research programmer conducted
byARS, Kahre during 1996 summer. Outreach research programmer has been conducted
mainly in 3 YDCs i.e. Kahre and Mati YDC in Dolakha district (Mid and high hills) and
Khimti YDC in Ramechhap district (Low/foot hills). These YDCs represent high hill, mid hill
and low hill environments.
Of the total trials conducted in the farmers field, 31 were varietal performance study on rice,
maize, millet, buckwheat and fmger millet and one maize millet management study. Finger
millet genotypes GE5177, GE5001 and GE 5175 were found better in terai condition where as
in mid hill condition genotypes GE0122 and GE5176 were superior. Early rice genotypes
ON576, BG1442 and IR59606 found better in low hill (Khimti) condition. In maize, cultivar
Mana-1 and Arun-1 were better in low hills. This report only include the findings of rice
research done at outreach research sites.

Total of 6 rice experiments: RFFT-E, RFFT-Irrigated normal, RFFT-RLMedium,
RFFT-RL-Normal, "RFFT-Upland and Herbicidal management
were carried out at OR sites. These experiments were conducted to verify
and identify superior improved technologies suitable for farmer's field
conditions. Yield of early rice genotypes like IR 31851, Radha-32 and
Chaite-4 was found significantly higher than that of local check, Phillips at
Baghawan. Chaite-2 at Sugauli and Ghaiya-2 and Radha-17 at Santpur
gave higher yield than local checks. The yield of standard check, Sabitri
was found significantly highest among all the tested .genotypes in Irrigated
and Rainfed low land normal condition at all OR sites. Varieties included in
Rainfed lowland medium set did not differ for their grain yield at Santpur.
Both the genotypes RP-1888 and Ghaiya-2 were found superior than local
cheek, Chinaboro in grain yield under upland conditions at Simrongarh.
Economic analysis done for method of weed management indicated that
application of Butachlor @ 2 L/ha provided higher marginal rate of return
at all sites.

Total of 6 rice experiments: RFFT-E, RFFT-Irrigated normal, RFFT-RLMedium,
RFFT-RL-Normal, "RFFT-Upland and Herbicidal management
were carried out at OR sites. These experiments were conducted to verify
and identify superior improved technologies suitable for farmer's field
conditions. Yield of early rice genotypes like IR 31851, Radha-32 and
Chaite-4 was found significantly higher than that of local check, Phillips at
Baghawan. Chaite-2 at Sugauli and Ghaiya-2 and Radha-17 at Santpur
gave higher yield than local checks. The yield of standard check, Sabitri
was found significantly highest among all the tested .genotypes in Irrigated
and Rainfed low land normal condition at all OR sites. Varieties included in
Rainfed lowland medium set did not differ for their grain yield at Santpur.
Both the genotypes RP-1888 and Ghaiya-2 were found superior than local
cheek, Chinaboro in grain yield under upland conditions at Simrongarh.
Economic analysis done for method of weed management indicated that
application of Butachlor @ 2 L/ha provided higher marginal rate of return
at all sites.