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in Proceedings of third national workshop on livestock and fisheries research in Nepal (held from 26 to 28 June 1999 at Agriculture Research Station, Lumle) / Neopane, S.P.

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Title :	Foreword, welcome, inaugural address, table of contents...
Material Type:	printed text
Pagination:	24 p.
Languages :	English (eng)

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in Proceedings of third national workshop on livestock and fisheries research in Nepal (held from 26 to 28 June 1999 at Agriculture Research Station, Lumle) / Neopane, S.P.

Title :	Tree fodders and browse plants as potential nutrient suppliers for ruminants
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Subba, D.B., Author
Pagination:	1-14 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Descriptors:	Plants and Crops:Forestry and Grasslands
Abstract:	The usefulness of treefodder as a supplementary feed during the dry season has been well recognized traditionally. No attempts have ever been made to characterize them scientifically, those available, are often found incomplete and misleading. In this perspective, the Agricultural Research Station (Pakhribas) ARSP has evaluated a total of 264 different trees and shrubs (including 10 bamboo species) generally fed to and browsed by ruminants. The samples were collectedfrom east Nepal including the inner Terai, mainly during the dry winter season at the time the tree leavesform the major component of the diet mix. Fodder trees were characterized on the basis of the soluble carbohydrate (nitrogenfre e extractives, NFE), crude protein (CP) and their fractionates (these include rumen soluble protein, total available protein, rumen bypass protein and indigestible protein), digestibility which included digestible organic matter in dry matter (DOMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD) and neutral cellulase digestib;/ity (NCD). detergent fibers (modified acid detergent fiber, MADF), calculated metabolisable energy (ME),, polyphenolics (l.ignin and tannin) and mineral elements (major and trace). The paper critically examines the importance of the tree species on the basis of the laboratory indicators of quality and discusses their adequacy in support to ruminant nutrition. The likely consequences of the negative associative effect of nutrients including high levels of polyphenolics or mineral toxicities are discussed Animal experimentation studies on animal produc tivity and feed acceptability by various classes of ruminants on promisi ng fodder types are suggestedfo r future research.

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in Proceedings of third national workshop on livestock and fisheries research in Nepal (held from 26 to 28 June 1999 at Agriculture Research Station, Lumle) / Neopane, S.P.

Title :	Effect of Boron on Seed Production of Berseem
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Dev Nidhi Tiwari, Author
Pagination:	167-168 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Descriptors:	Plants and Crops:Forestry and Grasslands
Link for e-copy:	http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=111

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in Proceedings of third national workshop on livestock and fisheries research in Nepal (held from 26 to 28 June 1999 at Agriculture Research Station, Lumle) / Neopane, S.P.

Title :	STUDY ON PATHOGENICITY OF SALMONELLA GALL/NARUM ISOLATES
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Pradhan, A., Author ; U. M. Singh, Author
Pagination:	130-132 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Abstract:	An experiment was conducted to study the pathogenicity of Salmonella gallinarum isolates 17, 18 and 1 OB in 8 weeks old chicks. In all the cases of infection clinical observation revealed listlessness, droopiness, ruffled feather and somnolence and inappetence. Some chicks even survived after infection and were positive for Salmonella Plate Agglutination Test. Chicks inoculated with isolate 17, 18 and JOB resulted in 5 (83%), 6 (1 00%) and 4 (67%) dead chicks respectively within 14 days of infection. Histopathological examination in all cqses showed necrotic foci in liver and pneumonia of lungs. This study suggested that all the three isolates ~~ S. gallinarum were pathogenic to chicken with some variation in virulence,

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in Proceedings of third national workshop on livestock and fisheries research in Nepal (held from 26 to 28 June 1999 at Agriculture Research Station, Lumle) / Neopane, S.P.

Title :	GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF CARP FRY IN DIFFERENT DENSITY AND FEEDING MANAGEMENT IN LAKES OF POKHARA VALLEY
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Wagle, S.K., Author ; Prasad, S., Author
Pagination:	70-77 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Abstract:	Improvement of nursery technology in floating net cages has become the primary concern to sustain availability of suitable fingerlings in time for cage fishery in the lakes of Pokhara valley. In· line with this, several experiments on growth and yield of carp fry in floating mtrsery cages with the effect of different density and feeding management were ·carried out. These studies focused on growth potential of lakes, season and fry density on the production of Silver carp (Hypophthalmicthys molitrix) and Bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) fingerlings. Water temperature was the most critical element in determining the growth of fry during winter season (October-January) in both Phewa and Begnas. lakes. The treatments' mean yield from density trial was 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kglm3 for Silver carp in lake Phewa, respectively for density 100, 300 and 500 tails/m3 . All the density treatment in Begnas resulted in loss of gross stocking weight at harvest. Fish fry of Aristichthys nobilis were stocked at densities of 250, 500, 1000 frylm3 of water volume. Fish fry were fed ad libitum for 120 days with a ration containing 19% protein. The absolute growth rate of fry was increased significantly (P dens;ties between each subperiod. The fry of Bighead carp showed highest net weight gain of 6.2 gljry for density 250 frylm3 followed by 5. 2 gljry for density 500 frylm3 . A high feed conversion ratio (FCR) associated with high dens{ty was observed

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in Proceedings of third national workshop on livestock and fisheries research in Nepal (held from 26 to 28 June 1999 at Agriculture Research Station, Lumle) / Neopane, S.P.

Title :	ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCTION COST OF DUCKS
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Jaya D. Bista, Author ; Wagle, S.K., Author ; Shrestha, R.K., Author ; Rai, A.K., Author
Pagination:	78-84 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Abstract:	One-week-old ducklings were raised for 17 week for the assessment of cost of production. One hundred and twenty ducklings divided into three equal lot, receiving 23 and 18% protein content diet, were raised in confinement. The highest growth rate (39.52 glday) was obtained during 4'h week with an average feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.5. The maximum average weight of duck was 2. 02 kg during 12th week. The sun,ival rate was about 92 %. The overall net returns were positive for duck growing period of 8 and 12 week, while net returns were negative for the ducks raised for 17 week. The total disposable income from ·the duck production operation was Rs 5880.5, 6666.4 and 1239.6 for a period of 8, 12 and 17 weeks, respectively. Of_the total cost 55.3, 59.2 and 63.1% was for feed respectively, for ducks raised for 8, 12 and 17 weeks. Possi bi liLies to reduce the feed cost for ducks have been discussed.

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in Proceedings of third national workshop on livestock and fisheries research in Nepal (held from 26 to 28 June 1999 at Agriculture Research Station, Lumle) / Neopane, S.P.

Title :	BIOMASS AND SEED PRODUCTION OF OAT CULTIV ARS WITH FERTU..IZER VERSUS ON RESIDUAL SOU.. FERTll..ITY
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Dev Nidhi Tiwari, Author
Pagination:	169-171 p.
Languages :	English (eng)

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in Proceedings of third national workshop on livestock and fisheries research in Nepal (held from 26 to 28 June 1999 at Agriculture Research Station, Lumle) / Neopane, S.P.

Title :	FEEDING SYSTEMS, FEEDS AVAILABILITY AND NUTRIENT CONTENT IN THE FEEDS AND FORAGES FOUND IN THE HIGH MOUNTAIN AREAS OF SOLUKHUMBU AND SANKHUASABHA DISTRICT
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Khanal, R.C., Author ; Panday, S.B., Author ; khanal, S.K., Author
Pagination:	15-24 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Abstract:	Two separate studies were conducted in 1997 and 1998 to investigate the feeding systems, feeds availability and nutrient content in the available feeds and forages in two districts of Solukhumbu and Sankhuascibha using formal and informal survey, discussion and obsen,ation of the study areas. Nutritional analysis was carried out for the feeds and forages most commonly available in the study areas and collected fil:lring the time of visit. Major findings have been discussed under the headings. a. Major feeds and forages, b. Feeding systems, c. Availability of feeds and forages, d. Situation of pastures and grazing land, e. Nutritive value of the feeds and forages, f Major poisonous plants found in the study areas, g. Major problems associated with feeds and feeding and, h. Strategies for improvement.

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in Proceedings of third national workshop on livestock and fisheries research in Nepal (held from 26 to 28 June 1999 at Agriculture Research Station, Lumle) / Neopane, S.P.

Title :	PERFORl\'lANCE OF .FODDER SPECIES AND THEilt MIXTURES IN DAIRY POCKET AREAS OF ILAM, KASKI AND RUPENDEHI DISTRICTS.
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Pariyar, D., Author ; Munakarmi, P.B., Author ; Mishra,C.K., Author ; Shrestha, K.K., Author
Pagination:	171-178 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Abstract:	The long term perception was gradually recognised with the creation of dai1}· pocket . areas and expansion of milk producers association co-operatives by HMG agencies. The same time hay was given priority to the fodder improvemem for increased profitability qf dail}' e111e1preneurs through increased livestock productivity. The pertinelll problem offodderfor wimer period and less amount of fodder obtained through out the year were major concern qf dail}' eme1preneurs farmers. Among the three cultil'ation practices berssem under two. fertilizers treatment and =ero tillage cum fertili=er application produced better results (-10.2 t ha). Within eight cultivars oats tested in three importam dail)' pocket area for consecutive three years under two fertilizer n·eannem. In Rupendehi under fertilizer, the highest green matter was produced by multicut cultivar 83 INC-19 G3 (-15.5 1 ha). In Kaski where cultivar Taiko produced the highest (26.5 I ha) yield. In case of flam the old cultivar Kem produced good result (26. 7 t ha) and Canadian produced 26.2 t ha. Under three combination qf oats and legumes, oars - vetch was found better combination for higher green matter production and soil fertility maimained although non sign[ftcance difference was found among three combination·

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in Proceedings of third national workshop on livestock and fisheries research in Nepal (held from 26 to 28 June 1999 at Agriculture Research Station, Lumle) / Neopane, S.P.

Title :	STUDY ON CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE IN CHICKEN
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Pradhan, A., Author ; Jha, V.C., Author ; S. Hokonohara, Author
Pagination:	126-129 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Abstract:	Preliminary survey of chronic respiratory disease in chicken was done in Chitwan, Kathmandu, Pokhara and Gorkha. A total of 184 serum samples were collected for the study. Plate agglutination test was employed for the Mycoplasma agglutinins in the blood sera. Prevalence of CRD in Chitawan, Kathmandu, Pokhara and Gorkha were 75%, 29%, 63% and 66% respectively. Mycoplasma infection in 2 to 5 months age. 6 to 8 month age and >9 month age group were 76%, 56% and 45% respectively.

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in Proceedings of third national workshop on livestock and fisheries research in Nepal (held from 26 to 28 June 1999 at Agriculture Research Station, Lumle) / Neopane, S.P.

Title :	EFFECT OF CONCENTRATE FEEDING ON MEAT PRODUCTION OF MALE BUFFALO CALVES
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Shrestha, H.R., Author ; Kuwar, B.S., Author ; M. S. Thapa, Author
Pagination:	214-220 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Abstract:	Eight cross bred Murrah male calves of approximately 2 years of age were grouped into_ nvo groups. Animals of one group ·were fed commercial concentrate mixture in addition to mixed green grasses for 135 days. The average body weight gain of concentrate fed animals ·was 389. 0 glday compared to 3-1.0 glday for the group without feeding concentrate. There ·was no significant effect on carcass characteristics ben-veen diet groups. However. the dressing percentage in concentrate fed group was higher than in the group without concentrate {.:/2.1±1.8 l'S 32.9±1.8)

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in Proceedings of third national workshop on livestock and fisheries research in Nepal (held from 26 to 28 June 1999 at Agriculture Research Station, Lumle) / Neopane, S.P.

Title :	PEWA AND GOAT PRODUCTION SYSTEM: A CASE STUDY IN TANAHU AND BARA DISTRICT
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Pandey, N., Author
Pagination:	221-225 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Abstract:	The study was conducted in Bara and Tanahu districst of Nepal. Results showed that 25% of the goat reared were Pewa and 75% were 11011 Pewa in the study area. There were tu·o type of Pewa; one was daughter's Pewa and another was daughter in law's Pewa. In most of the cases male and female jointly _took decision in both Pewit and non Pewa system. After this study it was found that in Pewa system women did not have full right to spend money according to their choice. However, in expenditure pattern in Pewa system women had comparatively more right to spend money than in non Pewa system. But they spent that money to the whole family instead of being !ipent fur themselves. It is the loving IIUture women that they never· care about themselves, but always worried about their family. fi·om the study area it was concluded that women feel empowered in Pewa system although they spent negligible amount ofmoneyfor themselves.from Pewa.

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in Proceedings of third national workshop on livestock and fisheries research in Nepal (held from 26 to 28 June 1999 at Agriculture Research Station, Lumle) / Neopane, S.P.

Title :	STUDY ON INCIDENCE OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE IN GOATS AND ITS CAUSES IN RELATION TO MANAGEMENT CONDITIONS
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Jha, V.C., Author
Pagination:	133-137 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Abstract:	A survey was conducted in three selected study sites and Agriculture Research Station, Goat (ARS, Goat), Bandipur in Tanahu district for the study of respiratory disease in goats and its causes in relation to management systems. The data on disease problems in goats, systems of goat keeping and management conditions etc. were recorded as a preliminary study. The treatment case record of the District Livestock ..~ ervices Office of Tanahun and ARS (Goat), Bai1dipur were analysed for idel1tifying the disease problems in goats. On the bacteriological examination of the nasopharyngeal swabs and lungs sample, the bacteria isolated were Escherichia coli, Streptococcus sp, Staphyloccocus sp, Proteus sp, Pasteurella haemolytica and Mycoplasma sp. The existing goat rearing practices in the villages of Tanahu district might contribute to respiratory diseases.

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in Proceedings of third national workshop on livestock and fisheries research in Nepal (held from 26 to 28 June 1999 at Agriculture Research Station, Lumle) / Neopane, S.P.

Title :	EFFECT OF CALVING SEASON ON THE GROWTH RATE OF CROSSBRED CALVES
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	K. P. Shiwakoti, Author ; Kuwar, B.S., Author ; Shrestha, H.R., Author
Pagination:	226-228 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Abstract:	This study was conducted to find out the appropriate season of cah·ing in 1ern1S of growth rate of calves. FourfJ-five calves born at Bo,·ine Research Program Khumaltar in 20j.J,tjj and jj/j6 in d([{ere111 seasons were recorded. They were grouped into -1 seasonal group A. B. C and D (Baisakh 'tO Ashad. Srcnrcm to Aswin. Karlik and Poush and lvfagh to Chaitra) respectively. Among the -lj calves 16. 10. 13 and 6 calves ·were recorded in group A. B. C. and D respectively. Higher gro\l ·th rate was observed in group C (} 07 kg of total body weight) at the age of 6 months. The lower growth rate was recorded in group A ('6.1 kg c~r total body weight). It is necessGIJ' to observe co111inuously the age at f irst calving and the adult body weight size of the calves.

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in Proceedings of third national workshop on livestock and fisheries research in Nepal (held from 26 to 28 June 1999 at Agriculture Research Station, Lumle) / Neopane, S.P.

Title :	STUDY ON BOVINE ABORTION AMD REPEAT BREEDING IN CATTLE AND BUFFALOES
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Jha, V.C., Author ; Khanal, D.R., Author
Pagination:	138-139 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Abstract:	A household sun,ey was conducted in 383 houses ojChitwan, Pokhara and Bhairahawa. A total of 118 7 cattle and 5 31 buffaloes were sun,eyed from the above localities. Overall incidence of abortion was 4. 72% and 2. 07% and repeat breeding 9. 26% and 0. 3 7% respectively in cattle and buffaloes.

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in Proceedings of third national workshop on livestock and fisheries research in Nepal (held from 26 to 28 June 1999 at Agriculture Research Station, Lumle) / Neopane, S.P.

Title :	ANGORA WOOL: A SYNOPSIS OF THE PROBLEMS OF THE EASTERN Hll..LS OF NEPAL
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	TP Paudel, Author ; DB Subba, Author ; Ghimire, R.P., Author ; Khanal, R.C., Author
Pagination:	229-236 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Abstract:	_0 akhribas Agricultural Centre introduced rabbit in Nepal in 1989. Then the proliferation started in the easte1·n hills rapidly. Consequently, the eastern hill farmers started facing probiem with marketing and producing the Angora wool. To mitigate the need a survey was carried out across four locations of Dhankuta, Terhathum and II am districts through a semistructured questionnaire that encompasses principally the production and marketing parameters. Now a days, only 36% of the total respondents are continuing the e11te1prise with ve1y little size where 77% of the total used to rear more than five pairs. On an avetage rabbit mortality is 31% however, farmers indicate that kit mortality forms a large part qf thfs. Breeding is affected more in winter and the mortality of kits was found more because of early 11 eaning c?f kits. All of them '~·ere found feeding the rabbits both grains and grasses. Two out of 8-1 were found plucking once as a method of wool han1esting but has left now and follow the general shearing method in spite of being lo10lfl11 about the quality and quantity of wool being superior. The wool yield is more in males. The yield is more in ll'inter as reported by 50% of the respondents. Marketing of the wool is found affected by the poor grading practice. lack qf authorised depots and lack of know how about the market and market price. Farmers of Fikkal and Nigale were organised into groups to improve the marketing .\ystem.

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in Proceedings of third national workshop on livestock and fisheries research in Nepal (held from 26 to 28 June 1999 at Agriculture Research Station, Lumle) / Neopane, S.P.

Title :	STUDY ON SEROPREVALENCE OF EDS76 IN CIDCKENS IN CHITWAN AND KATHMANDU DISTRICTS
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Jha, V.C., Author
Pagination:	140-141 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Abstract:	Eight commercial layer flocks in Chitwan and five layer flocks in Kathmandu districts were visited and a total of 142 sera samples were collected randomly. The collected sera samples were subjected to EUSA for the detection of antibody against Egg Drop Syndrome (EDS) 76 infection. Laboratory results revealed that the seroprevalence of EDS76 was found to be 11.2% in Chitwan and 12.8% in Kathmandu. Vaccination of chickens against this disease should be included in the routine vaccination schedule of layers to get maximum benefit from them.

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in Proceedings of third national workshop on livestock and fisheries research in Nepal (held from 26 to 28 June 1999 at Agriculture Research Station, Lumle) / Neopane, S.P.

Title :	EVALUATION OF NATIVE BUFFALO (GADDI) FOR PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERISTICS-AND PRODUCTION PERFORMANCES
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Neopane, S.P., Author ; Shrestha, S., Author ; P. K . Pokhrel, Author
Pagination:	237-240 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Abstract:	Realising the importance of buffaloes in ."1\'epal. a study was initiated with the objective of characterisation and evaluation of productive pe1:(ormance of Gaddi bL({falo in the far western region. Using the sn·uctured questionnaire a survey was made in 199 7. Parameters included were body paris measurements and production trairs. Results revealed that Gaddi buffaloes are black in colour with ·white round patches on the forehead. They have a long face and flat head with long ha(f-curved horns. Morphological growth and production pe1:(ormance of Gaddi buffaloes appeared to be better than Lime and Terai bt!{faloes and similar with rhat of j\tfurrah. They are a good milk yielder (a boll/ 3 litres milk /day/animal) with a lactation length of more than a year.· This suggests that Gaddi buffalo should be promotedfor milk producTion.

in Proceedings of third national workshop on livestock and fisheries research in Nepal (held from 26 to 28 June 1999 at Agriculture Research Station, Lumle) / Neopane, S.P.

Title :	ANTIMICROBIAL SENSITIVITY PATTERN OF MICROORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM BOVINE MASTITIS IN THE WESTERN HILLS OF NEPAL
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Joshi, H.D., Author ; Joshi, B.R., Author ; Shrestha, H.K., Author
Pagination:	142-147 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Abstract:	Microorganisms isolated from the clinical and sub-clinical cases of bovine mastitis from the mid hills of western Nepal during 1996197, were tested for their in vitro antimicrobial sensitivity by rotary disc diffusion technique. The in vitro antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of the microorganisms showed that Chloramphenicol. Gentamycin, Neomycin and Cephalexin were the most effective antibiotics against most of the isolated microorganisms. While Penicillin-G and Cloxacillin were found highly effective against Gram positive microorganisms, the moderately effective were Tetracycline, Cotramixazole, Streptomycin and Oxytetracycline. These findings will be helpful for the clinicians to decide on the selection of antibiotics for the treatment of bovine mastitis.

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in Proceedings of third national workshop on livestock and fisheries research in Nepal (held from 26 to 28 June 1999 at Agriculture Research Station, Lumle) / Neopane, S.P.

Title :	STUDY OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTORS OF NATIVE PIGS FROM SALYAN AND PYUTHAN DISTRICTS OF MID-WESTERN DEVELOPMENT REGION OF NEPAL
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Pradhan, S.M., Author
Pagination:	241-248 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Abstract:	The hill black pigs are called "Chwanche" amongst .Magar co.mmunity and Sungur" among the other communities in the western hills of Nepa/1The native hill pigs.fi·om the mid-western region of Nepal are solid black colored pigs with erect ears and bow shaped body. Their body was thinly covered with erect hairs. They hare straight tails and also tusks are present in both the sexes. The mean body length from occiput 10 tail head '""'as 86 em. The body length of the male pigs were not found sign{fi.cantly d!fferent ( P> 0. 05) than that offemale pigs but the heart girrh of.fema/e pigs ll'ere observed sign(licantly greater than (P height o.ffemale pigs (}.J . .J ±1.09 em.) "·as sign(ficcmtly (P pigs (18.0±1.28 em.). The cn1erage age at .first farrowing was l/.3:r.O . .J6 months. The cn1erage litter size at birth and weaning were 8. 7-1±0. 7-1 and 7.16=.0. 70 respecth·ely.

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in Proceedings of third national workshop on livestock and fisheries research in Nepal (held from 26 to 28 June 1999 at Agriculture Research Station, Lumle) / Neopane, S.P.

Title :	STUDY ON MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY DUE TO PESTE DES PETITIS RUMINANTS (PPR) OF GOATS AT ARS (GOAT), BANDIPUR
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Khakural, G.P., Author ; Upreti, C.R., Author
Languages :	English (eng)
Abstract:	.-1 row/ of 26-1 goars reared at .-1RS rGoar). Bandipur. Tanahun. Xepalwere im·o/ved in rhe slut(r. PPR was fara/ ro rhe goars in rhe starion. The morbidity and mortality rare was 38.3% and 2'"'.3% ofrora/ popu/arion . .-1 roral ofJOJ goats were suffered out o_fwhich -1 died (fawliry percemage -1.3%;. In roralio· kids died more (58.3%) rhan hoggers (1 2.5%) and adulrs (29.2%) . . Vumber o_f death was nor enough to compare within the breeds . In goar Khapari (50% Jamzmapari x 50% Khari) was more sensitive as compared ro rhe Khari and Sinha/. The morraliry percemage reduced to 28. 7% (29 headsJ. During rhe course of n·eatmenr using .'v!eriquine. Ambiplex. T·7meral. Pesil/in bolus or Kaolin 20% solurion orally and Through anus . .-lminophyline. Elecn·ocare. burm·esous drips helped ro reduce rhe effects of l'irus. Separarion of sick animals and good sanitaTion using insecticide and time was effective to control the disease. Key words: Morbidity. mortality. Peste Des Petit~s . Ruminant (PPR). fatal. sensitive. separation

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in Proceedings of third national workshop on livestock and fisheries research in Nepal (held from 26 to 28 June 1999 at Agriculture Research Station, Lumle) / Neopane, S.P.

Title :	FACTORS AFFECTING CONCEPTION RATE OF ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN CATTLE AND BUFFALO
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Shrestha, S., Author ; Neopane, S.P., Author
Pagination:	249-252 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Abstract:	Artificial insemination (A!) program has been an imporTant parT of geneTic impro,·emem programme in the co unny Fourty-1\ro disTricts have been covered with AI more particularly in cattle and with lesser extent in bz!((aloes. The study was undertaken to de/ermine rhe e.f(ec:riveness ofAI in c:au/e and bt!{l"alo in six districts (Siraha. Jhapa. /lam. Rasznm. .\"znrakot and Salyan). A surrey work was done using the struclured questionnaire. Results indicated that amongst five factors (districl. species. breed. farmer ·s experience and type of inseminator). breed and farmer ·s experience were important source o_(liariationfor conception rate (CR). Amongst the breed. local had the lowest CR (15.-1%). Farmers having used AI more than 3 yearsfozmd the highest CR in their animals (69. 7%). Although not sign(ficant AI done by Technicians had higher CR than that done b)· Officers.

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in Proceedings of third national workshop on livestock and fisheries research in Nepal (held from 26 to 28 June 1999 at Agriculture Research Station, Lumle) / Neopane, S.P.

Title :	OBSERVATION OF FISH PARASITES AND THEm CONTROL MEASURE
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Rayamajhi, A., Author
Pagination:	153-157 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Abstract:	Fish samp es were regularly checked round the ear fr.om 16 July 199 i to 15 June 1998 o .find ow rhe parasfn'c and bacrerial disease. occwTing ro both carps and rainbo"· rrour raised iM Fisheries Research Cenrer. GodmraT)'. Fh·e d(fferenr f)pes offish parasiTes. borh exTernal as \l'ell as imerna/ H'ere obsened in CaJ'pS. The parasites included Trichodina sp. Cosria sp. Argulus sp. Dacrlyogyrus sp and Tape worm sp. The occurrence of parasites li'GS more common ro carps than rainboll' tour. There was an ourbre 1k of Bacterial disease (Tail rot and Fin rot disease) h1 rainbo1r trout and it caused aln;ost 10 %fish loss ar d(fferent srages from yearling to table .fish ranging from 00-300 g in size. The disease was more acure in the. race1ray ponds wh_ere there li'GS mor • .filamenrous algae deposired in rhe f orelralls. The incidences and the inrens(fication ofparasiric infecrion ll'ere f ound more in the driest season. The occurrence of paras-itic il?fection was not negligible in the wimer.

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in Proceedings of third national workshop on livestock and fisheries research in Nepal (held from 26 to 28 June 1999 at Agriculture Research Station, Lumle) / Neopane, S.P.

Title :	A REPORT ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCES OF HILL GOATS IN THE EASTERN HILL
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Pokharel, P.K., Author ; Neopane, S.P., Author ; T. P. Paudel, Author
Pagination:	255-261 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Abstract:	A semi-sn·uctured questionnaire survey ll'as under taken at fi,·e d(f!erenl siles (Muga. Be/ahara: Dandabazar. Fakchamara and Hasanpur) ro collect the initial producrh·e pe1:{ormance of local Hill goals. The informalion H';/1 be used larer ro monitor 1he progress of local Hill goal seleclion programme. One hundred eighl)· households ll'ere visiled and more ·than one 1housand animals were weighed during The course of the interl'iew period. The m·erage body w~ighls of the four. six and nine month old goals were fou1JCl to be 8.6:tl . ././. 10.5:t0 . ./0 and 12.6:t0.87 kg respecrively for male and 7.38:t0. 77. 8. 75:t0.2./. and 11. 7:t0. 72 kg respectively for fema(e. One ro nt·o year and above nro year inatured bod; weigh1s of the animals ranged from 16.5 to 18.5 kg and 1 I to 25 kg respecrively. Regcu·ding !he birlh !Jpes. 7 3 % of animals "·ere horn single and the res/ (27%) was multiple (nrinning und lriplel). ~;fultiple born cases in mid hl/ls u:ere found beuer rhan-lo"· hills (36% vs 19%). The new born kids suckled !he morhers as long as they allow. Weaning is not practised to shorten kidding inrerval and 10 improve 1h_e maternal health condition. Age at first mating of doe was 6 to 7 months. bw in mos1 oft he cases it1ras pro_longed up ro _1 8 months. The normal castration age u·as at one year and abo' e. .·A,:o consciousness among rhe farmers regarding 1he 'reaning. caslralion. conn·olled breeding. and O\'ei'Cl/1 recording system ofthe animals u·os e,·idl!nt.

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in Proceedings of third national workshop on livestock and fisheries research in Nepal (held from 26 to 28 June 1999 at Agriculture Research Station, Lumle) / Neopane, S.P.

Title :	PERFORMANCE STUDY OF OAT CULTIVARS FOR GREEN FORAGE PRODUCTION IN TERAI UNDER IRRIGATED CONDITIONS
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Osti, N.P., Author ; Pariyar, D., Author
Pagination:	158-162 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Abstract:	A verietal trial of different cultivars of oat was conducted to determine the total d1y matter (DM) production capability and to estimate the net area required for oat cultivation during winter season for each milch animal under irrigated condition in terai. The mean DM production of 3. 96, 3. 79, 3. 79, 3. 7 6, 3. 65, 3. 60, 3. -19, 3. 3 6. 3. 35 and 3.15 ton per ha was o"btained from 3-16 2. Bande/851, 32302, Caraville, Kent. PDLV (PAK). Charisma, Omihi, NARC-1 (PAK), and Ccmadian respectively in three subsequent cuttings. The 1 sr cut was harvested at 60 days after soll~ing. then at 30 days interval for two subsequent cuttings. DM production within cultivars was found non-significant, but from each cutting was found highly significam. The net area estimated under irrigated condition in terai was 500 square meter or one Ropani for each normal milch animal weighing about 300 kg body weight and giving -I litre of -1.5 percem fat corrected milk.

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in Proceedings of third national workshop on livestock and fisheries research in Nepal (held from 26 to 28 June 1999 at Agriculture Research Station, Lumle) / Neopane, S.P.

Title :	PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF PAKHRIBAS BLACK COLOURED PIG
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Ghimire, R.P., Author ; Aryal, M.P., Author
Pagination:	267-275 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Abstract:	Eastern hill is the most potential area for pig raising. The ethnic groups inhabiting this region has tremendous affinity towards the black coloured pig due to socio-cullllral reasons. In early 80's the then Pakhribas Agricultural Centre (PAC) has de1·eloped Pakhribas black pig by cross-breeding be1ween Fayeun. Saddleback and Tamwonh which became l'e1)' popular because of its black colour and high productil'ity. From its v el}' beginning. PAC has maintained this breed so as 10 provide the piglets for research purpose. support programe of the Regional Directorate of Livestock in the eastern hills and other income generation activities of NGOsi!NGOs through our the narion. A rota/ of 33 breeding stock comprising of 28 so1rs and 5 boars of d(fferenl age groups 1rere maintained on-station. This report describes rhe production peJformance· of rhe breeding stock Ol'er last 10 years together with production and distriburion pall ern of Pakhriibas pig in this region. the mean age at first senices of the so11·s. age at first forroll'ing. farrowing inteJila/. and. gestation period were found 2./9.5:±19 . ./ days. 36./.2.±1 7.4 days. 172.8:t1 2.1 days and 113.5.±1.8./ days respecth ely. Similarly tnean lirrer size at birth and weaning size ll'ere 9 . ./.±2.87 and 8 . ./3.±2. 7 piglets/litter. whereas still birth and preweaning mortality were ./.86 and 10 . ./ % respecth·ely. The al'erage weaning weigh I of piglets 11·as 6.1 9:t1. 7 - kg. and al'erage l[(etime productil'il)· of so11 ·s H·as found 170 piglets in 18 farrowing. A lola! of 2./07 piglets were producedfi·om rhe 28 so11·s in las/ 10 years out ofll"hich. 3./.6 percentage piglers were prol·idedfor research purpose . ./8.8 per cent ro rhe gol'ernmem line -agencies and remaining 16.6 per cenl to ."lGOs and L"'lGOs.

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in Proceedings of third national workshop on livestock and fisheries research in Nepal (held from 26 to 28 June 1999 at Agriculture Research Station, Lumle) / Neopane, S.P.

Title :	SURVEY OF HIGH ALTITUDE FODDER TREE SPECIES
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Banstola, B.R., Author ; Shrestha, N.P., Author
Pagination:	163-166 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Abstract:	In high altitude areas-fodder trees are the main source of green fodder in winter season (January to April). In Raszm·a district the main fodder tree ava_ilable are Dudhilo (Ficus neriifo/ia), Kimbu (Morus alba), Chuletro (Brasiopsis hailtla), Gogan (Saurauria nepalensis) are mostly found in farm land and other species like K.hasru (Quercus semicarpifolia), Banjh (Quercus /anta), Bains (Salix babylonica), Sanobanjh (Quercus /eucotrichophora), Painyu (Prum~s cerasoides), Bhotepipal (Pop/us deltoides) and Nigalo (Drepanostachyum spp) are found in forest land The biomass production (edible and non edible portion) of these fodder trees were 130 kg (66. 3, 63. 7) from Khasru, 52 kg (3-1.5, 17.5) .fr.oJ?1 Bangh, 51 kg (2-1.1, 21.9) from Bains, 65kg (35. 7, 29.3) from Sanobartjh, 68.5 kg (5-1.0, 1-1.5) from Dudhilo, .J5kg (23.3, 21. 7) from Painyu, 35 kg (28.1. 6.9) from Kimbu, 55 kg {39.6, 15.-1) from Gogan, 53 kg {32.8, 20.2) from Bhotepipal, 50 kg (39. 6, 10 . .J) from Chuletro and 1 kg (0 . .J, 0. 6) from Nigalo I;espective/y. From this experiment, the ·maximum biomass (130 kg year tree) was obtained from Khasru. The fresh /eal'eS and ·edible part was 51% and fue/wood .was_.J9%. The lowest biomass was obtained from Kimbu (35 kg year tree). 80.3% edible portion was obtained and rest was non edible. Among the experimental fodder n·ees, the maximum edible .portion 11·as obtained {80.3%) from Kimbu. The minimum edible portion {51%) was obtained from Kharsu. Nigalo was widely grown and ve1y familiar shrub fodder during the pasture lean period !twas recorded that O. .J to 1.0 kg, shntb can be harvested per year.

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