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Available articles
Optimization of PCR Conditions for DNA Amplification of Common Buckwheat Using EST Primers / Joshi, Bal K. in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal, Vol. 8 (2007)
Title : Optimization of PCR Conditions for DNA Amplification of Common Buckwheat Using EST Primers Material Type: printed text Authors: Joshi, Bal K., Author ; Kazutoshi, Okuno, Author ; T. Hara, Author Publication Date: 2007 Article on page: 1-6 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Annealing temperature, buckwheat, EST markers, optimization of PCRconditions Abstract: Under optimal conditions the PCR reaction is very efficient; microgram quantities may be
synthesized from a single molecule of substrate DNA. DNA of four lines of common
buckwheat (Kyusu, Canada, Miyazaki and Botansoba) was used to optimize PCR reaction
and cycling program of 26 primers for DNA amplification of common buckwheat.
Annealing temperature (Ta), PCR cycle number and MgCl2 concentration were considered
optimum if the single clear band was observed. Of the 26 primers Ta of only 10 primers
could be optimized. Three primer pairs performed best at Ta of 54oC. The optimum
concentration of MgCl2 was found to be 1.5mM for all primer pairs. Similarly the number of
PCR cycles was found to be 40 for all 10 primer pairs except for primer pair 57. Optimized
PCR conditions were used for subsequent studies such as transferability of EST primers to
other Fagopyrum species and construction of linkage map.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=17
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 1-6 p.[article] Optimization of PCR Conditions for DNA Amplification of Common Buckwheat Using EST Primers [printed text] / Joshi, Bal K., Author ; Kazutoshi, Okuno, Author ; T. Hara, Author . - 2007 . - 1-6 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 1-6 p.
Keywords: Annealing temperature, buckwheat, EST markers, optimization of PCRconditions Abstract: Under optimal conditions the PCR reaction is very efficient; microgram quantities may be
synthesized from a single molecule of substrate DNA. DNA of four lines of common
buckwheat (Kyusu, Canada, Miyazaki and Botansoba) was used to optimize PCR reaction
and cycling program of 26 primers for DNA amplification of common buckwheat.
Annealing temperature (Ta), PCR cycle number and MgCl2 concentration were considered
optimum if the single clear band was observed. Of the 26 primers Ta of only 10 primers
could be optimized. Three primer pairs performed best at Ta of 54oC. The optimum
concentration of MgCl2 was found to be 1.5mM for all primer pairs. Similarly the number of
PCR cycles was found to be 40 for all 10 primer pairs except for primer pair 57. Optimized
PCR conditions were used for subsequent studies such as transferability of EST primers to
other Fagopyrum species and construction of linkage map.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=17
Title : Disease-free Pre-Basic Seed Potato Production through Tissue Culture in Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: Sakha, B.M., Author ; GP Rai, Author ; Dhital, S.P., Author Publication Date: 2007 Article on page: 7-13 p Languages : English (eng) Keywords: DAS-ELISA, meristem excision, potato, pre-basic seed, thermotherapy Abstract: Pre-basic seed potatoes are disease free potato minitubers produced by transplanting
pathogen free in vitro potato plantlets under protected condition in aphid-proof glasshouse
and/or screen house. Double antibody sand witched - enzyme linked immuno-sorbant assay
is used to test six major potato viruses, namely PLRV, PVS, PVX, PVY, PVA and PVM.
Thermotherapy cum meristem tip excision techniques are used to eliminate these viruses.
Virus free in vitro potato plantlets are rapidly propagated by single nodal cuttings on
modified MS media. For pre-basic seed production disease free in vitro potato plantlets are
transplanted in the sterile sand soil substrate under glasshouse and screen house, once in
autumn season and next in spring season. Since 1990, National Potato Research Program has
been producing about 200,000 pre-basic seeds annually. So far, PBS of 19 different
recommended and released potato cultivars has been produced. Till date 3,465,799 PBS had
been produced and 3,217,666 pre-basic seeds distributed to the different seed potato growers
groups, District Agriculture Development Offices, government farms/research stations, and
NGOs/INGOs for subsequent basic seed potato production. After establishment of tissue
culture facilities in National Potato Research Program, the productivity of potato has been
increased by 71% due to utilization of pre-basic seed potatoes.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=20
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 7-13 p[article] Disease-free Pre-Basic Seed Potato Production through Tissue Culture in Nepal [printed text] / Sakha, B.M., Author ; GP Rai, Author ; Dhital, S.P., Author . - 2007 . - 7-13 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 7-13 p
Keywords: DAS-ELISA, meristem excision, potato, pre-basic seed, thermotherapy Abstract: Pre-basic seed potatoes are disease free potato minitubers produced by transplanting
pathogen free in vitro potato plantlets under protected condition in aphid-proof glasshouse
and/or screen house. Double antibody sand witched - enzyme linked immuno-sorbant assay
is used to test six major potato viruses, namely PLRV, PVS, PVX, PVY, PVA and PVM.
Thermotherapy cum meristem tip excision techniques are used to eliminate these viruses.
Virus free in vitro potato plantlets are rapidly propagated by single nodal cuttings on
modified MS media. For pre-basic seed production disease free in vitro potato plantlets are
transplanted in the sterile sand soil substrate under glasshouse and screen house, once in
autumn season and next in spring season. Since 1990, National Potato Research Program has
been producing about 200,000 pre-basic seeds annually. So far, PBS of 19 different
recommended and released potato cultivars has been produced. Till date 3,465,799 PBS had
been produced and 3,217,666 pre-basic seeds distributed to the different seed potato growers
groups, District Agriculture Development Offices, government farms/research stations, and
NGOs/INGOs for subsequent basic seed potato production. After establishment of tissue
culture facilities in National Potato Research Program, the productivity of potato has been
increased by 71% due to utilization of pre-basic seed potatoes.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=20
Title : Genotype-Environment Interaction and Stability Analysis for Grain Yield of Mid-hill Rice Genotypes Material Type: printed text Authors: Upreti, H.K., Author ; Bista, S., Author ; Sah, S.N., Author Publication Date: 2007 Article on page: 14-17 p Languages : English (eng) Keywords: G × E interaction, grain yield, mid-hill rice, stability Abstract: Genotype x Environment interaction limits the effectiveness of selection when selection is based only on mean yield. This G × E interaction was studied for grain yield in 7 genotypes of mid-hill rice in five different environments across the Nepal. Significant difference was observed among genotype (G), environment (E) and interaction (G × E) but could not identify the stable high yielding genotypes for diverse environments. Therefore, stability parameters were calculated and analyzed. On the basis of stability parameters, two genotypes, NR 10414, NR 10492 and NR 10515 were found to be most stable over different environments. NR 10353 was identified as suitable genotypes with high grain yield for favorable environment.
Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=21
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 14-17 p[article] Genotype-Environment Interaction and Stability Analysis for Grain Yield of Mid-hill Rice Genotypes [printed text] / Upreti, H.K., Author ; Bista, S., Author ; Sah, S.N., Author . - 2007 . - 14-17 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 14-17 p
Keywords: G × E interaction, grain yield, mid-hill rice, stability Abstract: Genotype x Environment interaction limits the effectiveness of selection when selection is based only on mean yield. This G × E interaction was studied for grain yield in 7 genotypes of mid-hill rice in five different environments across the Nepal. Significant difference was observed among genotype (G), environment (E) and interaction (G × E) but could not identify the stable high yielding genotypes for diverse environments. Therefore, stability parameters were calculated and analyzed. On the basis of stability parameters, two genotypes, NR 10414, NR 10492 and NR 10515 were found to be most stable over different environments. NR 10353 was identified as suitable genotypes with high grain yield for favorable environment.
Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=21
Title : Evaluation of Open Pollinated Normal Maize Varieties in the Eastern Mid hill of Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: Sah, S.N., Author ; Sharma, D., Author Publication Date: 2007 Article on page: 18-22 p Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Eastern Nepal, evaluation, genotypes, maize Abstract: Full season maize genotypes were evaluated in on station coordinated varietal experiments
during summer season at Agriculture Research Station (ARS), Pakhribas in three
consecutive years 2003, 2004 and 2005. The experiments were laid out in randomized
complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The objective of this study was to
identify high yield potential normal maize genotypes suitable for the existing cropping
patterns in the eastern mid hill. Genotypes were evaluated in coordinated varietal trials
(CVT) in 2003, 2004 and 2005 and in intermediate yield trial (IYT) in 2004. Five common
genotypes including local and standard check were evaluated in the CVT 2003 and in the
CVT 2004, another five common genotypes tested in the CVT 2004 and in the CVT 2005
and six common genotypes of the IYT 2004 and CVT 2005 were analyzed over year.
Genotype P501-SARCO-F1/P502-SARCO-F1 produced significantly higher grain yield
followed by DRACOSYN- F1/DRBCOSYN-F1 in the 1st two years and found about one
week earlier than Mankamana-3. Across 00502 and Across 9942/Across 9944 were found
superior with respect to grain yield and phenotypic characters like husk cover, plant aspect
and ear aspect both in CVT 2005 and IYT 2004 across the years and the genotype Across
9942/Across 9944 was found tolerant to turcicum leaf blight (TLB) in 2005.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=22
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 18-22 p[article] Evaluation of Open Pollinated Normal Maize Varieties in the Eastern Mid hill of Nepal [printed text] / Sah, S.N., Author ; Sharma, D., Author . - 2007 . - 18-22 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 18-22 p
Keywords: Eastern Nepal, evaluation, genotypes, maize Abstract: Full season maize genotypes were evaluated in on station coordinated varietal experiments
during summer season at Agriculture Research Station (ARS), Pakhribas in three
consecutive years 2003, 2004 and 2005. The experiments were laid out in randomized
complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The objective of this study was to
identify high yield potential normal maize genotypes suitable for the existing cropping
patterns in the eastern mid hill. Genotypes were evaluated in coordinated varietal trials
(CVT) in 2003, 2004 and 2005 and in intermediate yield trial (IYT) in 2004. Five common
genotypes including local and standard check were evaluated in the CVT 2003 and in the
CVT 2004, another five common genotypes tested in the CVT 2004 and in the CVT 2005
and six common genotypes of the IYT 2004 and CVT 2005 were analyzed over year.
Genotype P501-SARCO-F1/P502-SARCO-F1 produced significantly higher grain yield
followed by DRACOSYN- F1/DRBCOSYN-F1 in the 1st two years and found about one
week earlier than Mankamana-3. Across 00502 and Across 9942/Across 9944 were found
superior with respect to grain yield and phenotypic characters like husk cover, plant aspect
and ear aspect both in CVT 2005 and IYT 2004 across the years and the genotype Across
9942/Across 9944 was found tolerant to turcicum leaf blight (TLB) in 2005.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=22
Title : ON-FARM VARIATION AND HOUSEHOLD DIVERSITY OF PIGEON PEA LANDRACES IN KACHORWA, NEPAL Material Type: printed text Authors: Joshi, Bal K., Author ; P. Shrestha, Author ; M.P. Upadhyaya, Author Publication Date: 2007 Article on page: 23-28 p Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Household diversity index, on-farm variation, pigeon pea, quant-qualitativetraits Abstract: Farmers value the diversity because of diverse environments both in production and
consumption. On-farm morphological variation on pigeon peas (2n = 2x= 22 or 4x, 6x?) was
studied at Kachorwa, Bara, Nepal to assess the household categories that have maintained
diversity. Household diversity Index (HDI) of 10 different farmer categories was estimated
based on Shanon-Weaver method. Eighteen quantitative and qualitative (quant-qualitative)
traits were used for on-farm variation and HDI studies. On farm ANOVA was generated on
eight quantitative traits. Highest diversity (HDI, 0.265) was maintained by farmer of
medium wealth category who grows pigeon pea in upland bund. Pigeon pea grown in khet
(low land) bund with Pajawa landrace expressed least diversity (HDI, 0.079). Pigeon pea
growing in monoculture was more diverse (HDI, 0.224) for 18 traits than in other production
environments. Maximum variation was observed in growth habit followed by seed color
pattern. The highest grain yield among the Chanki growers was produced by the farmer of
medium wealth category growing pigeon pea in upland bund. Significance variation among
farmers in quantitative traits indicates the intra varietal diversity in pigeon pea. Diversity
varied with respect to wealth category and production environments. Farmer who has
maximum diversity on pigeon pea could able to receive the higher grain yield. Result related
to where and who maintain the diversity may be useful for development of on-farm
conservation strategy. Possibility of developing good varieties exits using Pajawa and
Chanki landraces.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=23
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 23-28 p[article] ON-FARM VARIATION AND HOUSEHOLD DIVERSITY OF PIGEON PEA LANDRACES IN KACHORWA, NEPAL [printed text] / Joshi, Bal K., Author ; P. Shrestha, Author ; M.P. Upadhyaya, Author . - 2007 . - 23-28 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 23-28 p
Keywords: Household diversity index, on-farm variation, pigeon pea, quant-qualitativetraits Abstract: Farmers value the diversity because of diverse environments both in production and
consumption. On-farm morphological variation on pigeon peas (2n = 2x= 22 or 4x, 6x?) was
studied at Kachorwa, Bara, Nepal to assess the household categories that have maintained
diversity. Household diversity Index (HDI) of 10 different farmer categories was estimated
based on Shanon-Weaver method. Eighteen quantitative and qualitative (quant-qualitative)
traits were used for on-farm variation and HDI studies. On farm ANOVA was generated on
eight quantitative traits. Highest diversity (HDI, 0.265) was maintained by farmer of
medium wealth category who grows pigeon pea in upland bund. Pigeon pea grown in khet
(low land) bund with Pajawa landrace expressed least diversity (HDI, 0.079). Pigeon pea
growing in monoculture was more diverse (HDI, 0.224) for 18 traits than in other production
environments. Maximum variation was observed in growth habit followed by seed color
pattern. The highest grain yield among the Chanki growers was produced by the farmer of
medium wealth category growing pigeon pea in upland bund. Significance variation among
farmers in quantitative traits indicates the intra varietal diversity in pigeon pea. Diversity
varied with respect to wealth category and production environments. Farmer who has
maximum diversity on pigeon pea could able to receive the higher grain yield. Result related
to where and who maintain the diversity may be useful for development of on-farm
conservation strategy. Possibility of developing good varieties exits using Pajawa and
Chanki landraces.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=23
Title : Effect of River Salinity on Crop Diversity: A Case Study of South West Coastal Region of Bangladesh Material Type: printed text Authors: Animesh K. Gain, Author ; Kul P. Aryal, Author ; Pritish Sana, Author Publication Date: 2007 Article on page: 29-37 p Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Biodiversity, salinity, trend analysis Abstract: Saline water intrusion is a major problem and conflicting issue in south-west coastal region
of Bangladesh. The increased salinity has negative impact on agricultural diversity in this
region. The present study provides an assessment of perception of local farmers about
changes of agricultural diversity mainly diversity of vegetable species (both summer and
winter) and standing plants with the changes of salinity level in the nearby river. This study
was carried out in January to August 2005 through semi-structured questionnaire in selected
villages of different salinity prone areas such as high saline zone and moderate saline zone,
namely Paikgacha and Rampal, respectively. The study has revealed that in Paikgacha, the
salinity varies approximately within the range from 20,000 to 45,000 micro-mhos and in
Rampal it is from 10,000 to 30,000 micro-mhos. Due to increased salinity, the summer
vegetable species in Paikgacha and Rampal have been reduced from 16 to 2 and 15 to 9
respectively during the period 1975-2005. For winter vegetable species, this figure was
reduced from 13 to 9 in Paikgacha but in Rampal this number remained unchanged.
Standing plant species in Paikgacha and Rampal have been reduced from 31 to 14 and 35 to
21 respectively during that period. Agricultural diversity is reducing in substantial rate both
spatially and temporally.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=24
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 29-37 p[article] Effect of River Salinity on Crop Diversity: A Case Study of South West Coastal Region of Bangladesh [printed text] / Animesh K. Gain, Author ; Kul P. Aryal, Author ; Pritish Sana, Author . - 2007 . - 29-37 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 29-37 p
Keywords: Biodiversity, salinity, trend analysis Abstract: Saline water intrusion is a major problem and conflicting issue in south-west coastal region
of Bangladesh. The increased salinity has negative impact on agricultural diversity in this
region. The present study provides an assessment of perception of local farmers about
changes of agricultural diversity mainly diversity of vegetable species (both summer and
winter) and standing plants with the changes of salinity level in the nearby river. This study
was carried out in January to August 2005 through semi-structured questionnaire in selected
villages of different salinity prone areas such as high saline zone and moderate saline zone,
namely Paikgacha and Rampal, respectively. The study has revealed that in Paikgacha, the
salinity varies approximately within the range from 20,000 to 45,000 micro-mhos and in
Rampal it is from 10,000 to 30,000 micro-mhos. Due to increased salinity, the summer
vegetable species in Paikgacha and Rampal have been reduced from 16 to 2 and 15 to 9
respectively during the period 1975-2005. For winter vegetable species, this figure was
reduced from 13 to 9 in Paikgacha but in Rampal this number remained unchanged.
Standing plant species in Paikgacha and Rampal have been reduced from 31 to 14 and 35 to
21 respectively during that period. Agricultural diversity is reducing in substantial rate both
spatially and temporally.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=24
Title : Yield Loss Assessment and Management of Violet Wood Sorrel Weed on Maize Material Type: printed text Authors: Govind K.C., Author Publication Date: 2007 Article on page: 38-41 p Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Chari Amilo, herbicide, Oxalis, violet wood sorrel, Zea mays Abstract: A field experiment was conducted during rainy season of 2003 and 2004 in
farmers' field of Dang district (650 masl) to assess the yield loss caused by
violet wood sorrel (Oxalis corymbosa Dc) for maize (Zea mays) and to work
out effective measure to control this weed. Violet wood sorrel (Chari Amilo)
infestation was observed in maize, ginger, and Toria fields of Dang and
Salyan districts as well as various mid hilly areas of Nepal. The weed once
introduced in uplands, spreads in large scale within few years. Six
treatments, comprising 2,4-D Na salt 2 kg/ha, Glyphosate 2 l/ha, Soil
digging, turning and expose to sun two months prior to maize sowing were
compared with weed free, weed free except Oxalis and weedy check plots.
The presence of violet wood sorrel (VWS) in maize field ranging from 38 to
352.3 per square meter in 2003 and 18.6 to 195.5 per square meter in 2004
one month after intercultural operation does not cause significant effect on
maize grain yield, 4297 to 4694 kg/ha in 2003 and 3751.4 to 4473.6 kg/ha in
2004 respectively. Thus significant loss in maize grain yield was not found
due to higher VWS weed population (352.3 and 195.5/m2) resulted in weedy
check treatment and lower weed population (38 and 18.6/m2) in herbicide
applied treatment. Repeated application of herbicides at 17 and 37 days after
maize sowing (DAMS) both 2,4-D and Glyphosate reduced the weed
population in maize field but could not eradicate as it appears in next year
but the population was significantly low (59.5 and 65.3/m2) in herbicide
applied plots compared to weedy check plot (322.6/m2) at 26 DAMS. It was
revealed that presence of violet wood sorrel weed in maize field does not
affect the grain yield in farmer's practice of weeding i.e. intercultural
operation at 20 to 30 DAMS.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=25
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 38-41 p[article] Yield Loss Assessment and Management of Violet Wood Sorrel Weed on Maize [printed text] / Govind K.C., Author . - 2007 . - 38-41 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 38-41 p
Keywords: Chari Amilo, herbicide, Oxalis, violet wood sorrel, Zea mays Abstract: A field experiment was conducted during rainy season of 2003 and 2004 in
farmers' field of Dang district (650 masl) to assess the yield loss caused by
violet wood sorrel (Oxalis corymbosa Dc) for maize (Zea mays) and to work
out effective measure to control this weed. Violet wood sorrel (Chari Amilo)
infestation was observed in maize, ginger, and Toria fields of Dang and
Salyan districts as well as various mid hilly areas of Nepal. The weed once
introduced in uplands, spreads in large scale within few years. Six
treatments, comprising 2,4-D Na salt 2 kg/ha, Glyphosate 2 l/ha, Soil
digging, turning and expose to sun two months prior to maize sowing were
compared with weed free, weed free except Oxalis and weedy check plots.
The presence of violet wood sorrel (VWS) in maize field ranging from 38 to
352.3 per square meter in 2003 and 18.6 to 195.5 per square meter in 2004
one month after intercultural operation does not cause significant effect on
maize grain yield, 4297 to 4694 kg/ha in 2003 and 3751.4 to 4473.6 kg/ha in
2004 respectively. Thus significant loss in maize grain yield was not found
due to higher VWS weed population (352.3 and 195.5/m2) resulted in weedy
check treatment and lower weed population (38 and 18.6/m2) in herbicide
applied treatment. Repeated application of herbicides at 17 and 37 days after
maize sowing (DAMS) both 2,4-D and Glyphosate reduced the weed
population in maize field but could not eradicate as it appears in next year
but the population was significantly low (59.5 and 65.3/m2) in herbicide
applied plots compared to weedy check plot (322.6/m2) at 26 DAMS. It was
revealed that presence of violet wood sorrel weed in maize field does not
affect the grain yield in farmer's practice of weeding i.e. intercultural
operation at 20 to 30 DAMS.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=25
Title : Use of Fertilizers and Lime for Enhancing Productivity of Maize Genotypes in Western Hill of Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: Adhikary, Bishnu H., Author ; Krishna B. Karki, Author Publication Date: 2007 Article on page: 42-49 p Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Agriculture lime, farmer's practice, yield increase, Zea mays Abstract: Farmers’ field experiment was conducted at Outreach sites in Tanahun and Palpa districts of
Western Nepal with the objectives of evaluating the effects of fertilizers and agricultural
lime on grain production of the local and improved (Manakamana-1) maize varieties during
summer season of year 2003 and 2004. Farmer's practice (without fertilizers) and with
fertilizer 60: 30: 30 kg (N: P2O5: K2O) per hectare with or without agricultural lime (4 t ha-
1), were the treatments in experimental study that was conducted in factorial RCB design
with four farmers as replications. The results revealed that response of fertilizers and
agricultural lime was observed significant plant growth and kernels production including
varieties in both sites of Palpa and Tanahun districts. The highest grain yield of 5.1 t ha-1 was
produced by the local variety when the crop was supplied with 60:30:30 kg N, P2O5 and K2O
ha-1 along with 4 t ha-1 of agricultural lime in Tanahun. Manakamana-1 variety produced the
maximum grain yield (4.45 t ha-1) with the same level of fertilization. The two district mean
grain yield result indicated that the highest grain yield of 3.9 t ha-1 was produced when the
crop was supplied with 60: 30: 30 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 with agri-lime. Hence it is
suggested that to increase maize productivity in the hills irrespective of the maize variety
application of fertilizers (60: 30: 30) with agricultural lime (4 t ha-1) is needed.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=26
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 42-49 p[article] Use of Fertilizers and Lime for Enhancing Productivity of Maize Genotypes in Western Hill of Nepal [printed text] / Adhikary, Bishnu H., Author ; Krishna B. Karki, Author . - 2007 . - 42-49 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 42-49 p
Keywords: Agriculture lime, farmer's practice, yield increase, Zea mays Abstract: Farmers’ field experiment was conducted at Outreach sites in Tanahun and Palpa districts of
Western Nepal with the objectives of evaluating the effects of fertilizers and agricultural
lime on grain production of the local and improved (Manakamana-1) maize varieties during
summer season of year 2003 and 2004. Farmer's practice (without fertilizers) and with
fertilizer 60: 30: 30 kg (N: P2O5: K2O) per hectare with or without agricultural lime (4 t ha-
1), were the treatments in experimental study that was conducted in factorial RCB design
with four farmers as replications. The results revealed that response of fertilizers and
agricultural lime was observed significant plant growth and kernels production including
varieties in both sites of Palpa and Tanahun districts. The highest grain yield of 5.1 t ha-1 was
produced by the local variety when the crop was supplied with 60:30:30 kg N, P2O5 and K2O
ha-1 along with 4 t ha-1 of agricultural lime in Tanahun. Manakamana-1 variety produced the
maximum grain yield (4.45 t ha-1) with the same level of fertilization. The two district mean
grain yield result indicated that the highest grain yield of 3.9 t ha-1 was produced when the
crop was supplied with 60: 30: 30 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 with agri-lime. Hence it is
suggested that to increase maize productivity in the hills irrespective of the maize variety
application of fertilizers (60: 30: 30) with agricultural lime (4 t ha-1) is needed.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=26
Title : Participatory Evaluation of Some Tomato Genotypes for Resistance to Bacterial Wilt Material Type: printed text Authors: Timila (Dhawa), R.D., Author ; Sharada Joshi, Author Publication Date: 2007 Article on page: 50-55 p Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Bacterial wilt, Ralstonia solanacearum, resistant variety, Tomato Abstract: Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum E.F. Smith is one of the destructive
diseases of tomato. Experiments were conducted to confirm the resistance and to evaluate
varieties received from Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center against bacterial
wilt disease in the farmers’ bacterial wilt sick fields at Thaiba and at Panchkhal during 1999
and 2000-2001 respectively. A total of five varieties such as CLN 2026 C, CLN 2026 D,
CLN 1466 J, CLN 1466 P and susceptible check Lapsigede or L 390 were included in the
experiments. Randomized complete block design with 4 replications was commenced at
both the locations. In terms of disease incidence and yield parameters as well as consumers’
preference on the fruit size, CLN 2026 C was found the best variety followed by CLN 2026
D. Wilt incidence was significantly lower in those varieties showing resistant reaction than
in susceptible check. However, the marketable fruit yields were significantly higher with
low wilt incidences in CLN 1466 P and CLN 1466 J also compared to susceptible check.
But the large fruit size of those varieties was not acceptable to the consumers and the
growers. Thus, CLN 2026 C and CLN 2026 D could be used as resistant variety to minimize
crop losses from bacterial wilt disease.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=27
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 50-55 p[article] Participatory Evaluation of Some Tomato Genotypes for Resistance to Bacterial Wilt [printed text] / Timila (Dhawa), R.D., Author ; Sharada Joshi, Author . - 2007 . - 50-55 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 50-55 p
Keywords: Bacterial wilt, Ralstonia solanacearum, resistant variety, Tomato Abstract: Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum E.F. Smith is one of the destructive
diseases of tomato. Experiments were conducted to confirm the resistance and to evaluate
varieties received from Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center against bacterial
wilt disease in the farmers’ bacterial wilt sick fields at Thaiba and at Panchkhal during 1999
and 2000-2001 respectively. A total of five varieties such as CLN 2026 C, CLN 2026 D,
CLN 1466 J, CLN 1466 P and susceptible check Lapsigede or L 390 were included in the
experiments. Randomized complete block design with 4 replications was commenced at
both the locations. In terms of disease incidence and yield parameters as well as consumers’
preference on the fruit size, CLN 2026 C was found the best variety followed by CLN 2026
D. Wilt incidence was significantly lower in those varieties showing resistant reaction than
in susceptible check. However, the marketable fruit yields were significantly higher with
low wilt incidences in CLN 1466 P and CLN 1466 J also compared to susceptible check.
But the large fruit size of those varieties was not acceptable to the consumers and the
growers. Thus, CLN 2026 C and CLN 2026 D could be used as resistant variety to minimize
crop losses from bacterial wilt disease.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=27
Title : Participatory Black Scurf Disease Management on Potato in Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: Sharma, B.P., Author ; KC, R.B., Author Publication Date: 2007 Article on page: 56-62 p Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Boric acid, fungicides, potato, Rhizoctonia solani, Trichoderma harzianum Abstract: A farmer’s participatory field experiment was accomplished during three consecutive years
(2003-2005) for the sustainable management of black scurf disease of potato at
Mainapokhar, Bardiya, Nepal. A heavily infested field with Rhizoctonia solani was selected
prior to experimentation. Experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design
with three replications. The efficacy of two concentrations (2% and 3%) of boric acid and
0.15% of Thiophanate Methyl were tested for disease control through seed treatment. An
antagonistic fungus Trichoderma harzianum was used as seed and soil treatment. As per
treatment plan some plots were sterilized with formaldehyde 1% prior to planting. The plots
having healthy seed (pre-basic seed) planted in sterilized plots showed minimum disease
(6.8%) followed by 3% boric acid treated seed planted in sterilized plots (10.8%) and 2%
boric acid without soil sterilization (13.1%) and seed and soil treated plot with T. harzianum
(17.1%). Farmers did not accept treatments connected with soil sterilization by Formalin.
After analyzing the overall results of three years experiment farmers choose seed treatment
with 2% boric acid prior to planting and identified application of Trichoderma harzianum
for black scurf management as second option.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=28
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 56-62 p[article] Participatory Black Scurf Disease Management on Potato in Nepal [printed text] / Sharma, B.P., Author ; KC, R.B., Author . - 2007 . - 56-62 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 56-62 p
Keywords: Boric acid, fungicides, potato, Rhizoctonia solani, Trichoderma harzianum Abstract: A farmer’s participatory field experiment was accomplished during three consecutive years
(2003-2005) for the sustainable management of black scurf disease of potato at
Mainapokhar, Bardiya, Nepal. A heavily infested field with Rhizoctonia solani was selected
prior to experimentation. Experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design
with three replications. The efficacy of two concentrations (2% and 3%) of boric acid and
0.15% of Thiophanate Methyl were tested for disease control through seed treatment. An
antagonistic fungus Trichoderma harzianum was used as seed and soil treatment. As per
treatment plan some plots were sterilized with formaldehyde 1% prior to planting. The plots
having healthy seed (pre-basic seed) planted in sterilized plots showed minimum disease
(6.8%) followed by 3% boric acid treated seed planted in sterilized plots (10.8%) and 2%
boric acid without soil sterilization (13.1%) and seed and soil treated plot with T. harzianum
(17.1%). Farmers did not accept treatments connected with soil sterilization by Formalin.
After analyzing the overall results of three years experiment farmers choose seed treatment
with 2% boric acid prior to planting and identified application of Trichoderma harzianum
for black scurf management as second option.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=28
Title : Management of Leaf Blight of Garlic with Fungicides in Central Tarai of Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: Prem C.P. Chaurasia, Author ; Jang B. Prasad, Author ; Anandi Mandal, Author Publication Date: 2007 Article on page: 63-66 p Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Alternaria porri, disease, percentage disease intensity, purple blotch Abstract: Management of purple blotch in garlic was carried out in 2005/06 and 2006/07 at
horticultural farm of Regional Agricultural Research Station, Parwanipur in Complete
Randomized Block Design with three replications. First year’s results indicated insignificant
effect of fungicides on Percentage Disease Intensity (PDI) of purple blotch disease of garlic
as number of sprays used seemed to be inadequate. Second year’s result revealed that two
sprays of Bavistin @ 0.2% had lowest PDI value but at par to other different number of
sprays of different fungicides except no spray of fungicide. Bulb yield was highest in two
sprays of Dithane M-45 @ 0.3% followed by two sprays of Krinoxyl @ 0.15%, three sprays
of Blitox-50 @ 0.3%. Plant height was insignificant and highest bulb weight was found with
three sprays of Blitox-50 followed by two sprays of Bavistin. Two year’s combined results
indicated that two sprays of Bavistin @ 0.2% had lowest PDI value and all others PDI
values were at par except control. The highest bulb yield was given by two sprays of
Dithane M-45 followed by three sprays of Bavistin. Plant height and bulb weight were
insignificant. It can be recommended that purple blotch disease can be managed by spraying
Bavistin @ 0.2% thrice at 15 days interval or any other tested fungicides to have less
disease, higher bulb yield and more economic return.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=29
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 63-66 p[article] Management of Leaf Blight of Garlic with Fungicides in Central Tarai of Nepal [printed text] / Prem C.P. Chaurasia, Author ; Jang B. Prasad, Author ; Anandi Mandal, Author . - 2007 . - 63-66 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 63-66 p
Keywords: Alternaria porri, disease, percentage disease intensity, purple blotch Abstract: Management of purple blotch in garlic was carried out in 2005/06 and 2006/07 at
horticultural farm of Regional Agricultural Research Station, Parwanipur in Complete
Randomized Block Design with three replications. First year’s results indicated insignificant
effect of fungicides on Percentage Disease Intensity (PDI) of purple blotch disease of garlic
as number of sprays used seemed to be inadequate. Second year’s result revealed that two
sprays of Bavistin @ 0.2% had lowest PDI value but at par to other different number of
sprays of different fungicides except no spray of fungicide. Bulb yield was highest in two
sprays of Dithane M-45 @ 0.3% followed by two sprays of Krinoxyl @ 0.15%, three sprays
of Blitox-50 @ 0.3%. Plant height was insignificant and highest bulb weight was found with
three sprays of Blitox-50 followed by two sprays of Bavistin. Two year’s combined results
indicated that two sprays of Bavistin @ 0.2% had lowest PDI value and all others PDI
values were at par except control. The highest bulb yield was given by two sprays of
Dithane M-45 followed by three sprays of Bavistin. Plant height and bulb weight were
insignificant. It can be recommended that purple blotch disease can be managed by spraying
Bavistin @ 0.2% thrice at 15 days interval or any other tested fungicides to have less
disease, higher bulb yield and more economic return.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=29
Title : Integrated Disease Management of Tomato Late Blight Material Type: printed text Authors: Krishna K. Shrestha, Author ; Richard Ashley, Author Publication Date: 2007 Article on page: 67-76 p Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Dithane-M45, Krilaxyl, mugwort, Neem, Phytophthorainfestans, Trichoderma Abstract: Tomato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary is a
serious disease of tomato and potato worldwide. The disease causes severe
crop losses in the tomato growing regions of the world. Most of the cultivars
grown in the world are reported to be susceptible to late blight. Systemic
fungicides have been used widely in the past, but the disease has developed
resistance over time. The present study was carried out to minimize
fungicide use through integrated pest management. The bio-pesticides
Azadirachta indica (Neem), Artemisia vulgaris (Mugwort) and Trichoderma
viride were tested along with the fungicides Krilaxyl (metalaxyl 8% and
mancozeb 64%) and Dithane M-45 (mancozeb 80%) in Nepal during 2000
and 2001. All three bio-pesticides were found more effective than the control
in reducing development of the disease and they increased yield over the
control by 17 to 41%. However, the fungicides, Krilaxyl and Dithane M-45
were observed even more effective. Two transplanting dates ie first and third
week of July were tested against late blight in rainy season during 2000and
2001 and observed its effect on yields. Lower disease incidence and better
yield were found in the second planting.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=30
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 67-76 p[article] Integrated Disease Management of Tomato Late Blight [printed text] / Krishna K. Shrestha, Author ; Richard Ashley, Author . - 2007 . - 67-76 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 67-76 p
Keywords: Dithane-M45, Krilaxyl, mugwort, Neem, Phytophthorainfestans, Trichoderma Abstract: Tomato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary is a
serious disease of tomato and potato worldwide. The disease causes severe
crop losses in the tomato growing regions of the world. Most of the cultivars
grown in the world are reported to be susceptible to late blight. Systemic
fungicides have been used widely in the past, but the disease has developed
resistance over time. The present study was carried out to minimize
fungicide use through integrated pest management. The bio-pesticides
Azadirachta indica (Neem), Artemisia vulgaris (Mugwort) and Trichoderma
viride were tested along with the fungicides Krilaxyl (metalaxyl 8% and
mancozeb 64%) and Dithane M-45 (mancozeb 80%) in Nepal during 2000
and 2001. All three bio-pesticides were found more effective than the control
in reducing development of the disease and they increased yield over the
control by 17 to 41%. However, the fungicides, Krilaxyl and Dithane M-45
were observed even more effective. Two transplanting dates ie first and third
week of July were tested against late blight in rainy season during 2000and
2001 and observed its effect on yields. Lower disease incidence and better
yield were found in the second planting.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=30
Title : Genetic and Non-Genetic Factors Affecting Reproductive Traits of Pakhribas Pig in Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: Shriram P. Neupane, Author Publication Date: 2007 Article on page: 77-81 p Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Genetic and non-genetic parameters, hills of Nepal, Pakhribaspig, reproductive traits Abstract: Pakhribas pig is a black colour pig and is highly preferred by the people in the Eastern hills
of Nepal. This breed was developed in Nepal by three-way crossing of exotic breeds
(Saddle back, Fayuen and Tamworth) at Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Pakhribas,
the then Pakhribas Agricultural Centre (PAC). The data of 348 pigs, born over a period of
fifteen years (1990 to 2004) were used to study the effect of non-genetic factors on
reproductive traits and estimate their genetic parameters. The findings revealed that the
overall gestation length and farrowing intervals were 113.7 ± 0.12 days and 182.5 ± 2.2
days, respectively. Season of birth and parity of dams were not important sources of
variation for reproductive traits, where as year affected these traits significantly.
Heritability estimates of gestation length was low (0.02 ± 0.094), but heritability for
farrowing interval was moderate (0.14 ± 0.147) suggesting selection based on farrowing
interval would bring the improvement in the trait.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=31
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 77-81 p[article] Genetic and Non-Genetic Factors Affecting Reproductive Traits of Pakhribas Pig in Nepal [printed text] / Shriram P. Neupane, Author . - 2007 . - 77-81 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 77-81 p
Keywords: Genetic and non-genetic parameters, hills of Nepal, Pakhribaspig, reproductive traits Abstract: Pakhribas pig is a black colour pig and is highly preferred by the people in the Eastern hills
of Nepal. This breed was developed in Nepal by three-way crossing of exotic breeds
(Saddle back, Fayuen and Tamworth) at Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Pakhribas,
the then Pakhribas Agricultural Centre (PAC). The data of 348 pigs, born over a period of
fifteen years (1990 to 2004) were used to study the effect of non-genetic factors on
reproductive traits and estimate their genetic parameters. The findings revealed that the
overall gestation length and farrowing intervals were 113.7 ± 0.12 days and 182.5 ± 2.2
days, respectively. Season of birth and parity of dams were not important sources of
variation for reproductive traits, where as year affected these traits significantly.
Heritability estimates of gestation length was low (0.02 ± 0.094), but heritability for
farrowing interval was moderate (0.14 ± 0.147) suggesting selection based on farrowing
interval would bring the improvement in the trait.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=31
Title : Use of Rice Straw and Black Gram Straw in Fodder Based Goat's Diets in the Hills of Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: Chet R. Upreti, Author ; Kuwar, Bahadur Singh, Author ; Panday, S.B., Author Publication Date: 2007 Article on page: 82-87 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Average daily weight gain, black gram straw, fodder tree foliage, rice straw,stall-feeding Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible use of crop residue such as rice straw
and black gram straw (Kushauro) in hill goats’ diet. Twenty male and female goats of age 6-
9 months were divided into 4 dietary groups. Animal of first diet groups (D1) were fed with
fodder leaves (Khanyu) only, second diet group (D2) with 20% rice straw + fodder tree
foliage, third diet group (D3) with 20% rice straw + fodder tree foliage + concentrate @ 1%
of body weight, and fourth diet group (D4) fodder tree foliage + 15% rice straw + 5% black
gram straw + concentrate @ 1% of body weight meet to the daily requirement. These rations
were fed to animals of individual diet group for 150 days. Daily feed intake, daily weight
change was recorded. Body weight was taken at the beginning of the experiment, at the end
of experiment and 15 days interval. The result showed that there was significant difference
(P was observed in D3 (19.6±4.33), followed by D2 (12.67±1.38 g/d) and D4 (11.73±1.78 g/d).
The lowest ADG was found in D1 (10.8±1.87 g/d). The result indicated that 20% rice straw
can be used in goat diet with supplementary diet of concentrate @ 1% of body weight, and
foliage of Khanyu as a basal diet. Feeding only fodder tree foliage is not suitable to get
higher ADG in stall-feeding management.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=32
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 82-87 p.[article] Use of Rice Straw and Black Gram Straw in Fodder Based Goat's Diets in the Hills of Nepal [printed text] / Chet R. Upreti, Author ; Kuwar, Bahadur Singh, Author ; Panday, S.B., Author . - 2007 . - 82-87 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 82-87 p.
Keywords: Average daily weight gain, black gram straw, fodder tree foliage, rice straw,stall-feeding Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible use of crop residue such as rice straw
and black gram straw (Kushauro) in hill goats’ diet. Twenty male and female goats of age 6-
9 months were divided into 4 dietary groups. Animal of first diet groups (D1) were fed with
fodder leaves (Khanyu) only, second diet group (D2) with 20% rice straw + fodder tree
foliage, third diet group (D3) with 20% rice straw + fodder tree foliage + concentrate @ 1%
of body weight, and fourth diet group (D4) fodder tree foliage + 15% rice straw + 5% black
gram straw + concentrate @ 1% of body weight meet to the daily requirement. These rations
were fed to animals of individual diet group for 150 days. Daily feed intake, daily weight
change was recorded. Body weight was taken at the beginning of the experiment, at the end
of experiment and 15 days interval. The result showed that there was significant difference
(P was observed in D3 (19.6±4.33), followed by D2 (12.67±1.38 g/d) and D4 (11.73±1.78 g/d).
The lowest ADG was found in D1 (10.8±1.87 g/d). The result indicated that 20% rice straw
can be used in goat diet with supplementary diet of concentrate @ 1% of body weight, and
foliage of Khanyu as a basal diet. Feeding only fodder tree foliage is not suitable to get
higher ADG in stall-feeding management.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=32
Title : Evaluation of Selected Species of Fodder Trees Cultivated for Feeding Ruminant Animals in the Hills of Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: Khanal, R.C., Author ; Chet R. Upreti, Author Publication Date: 2007 Article on page: 88-94 p Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Digestibility, goat, nutritive value, performance, tree fodders Abstract: Leaves and twigs from four species of tree fodders, Aetocarpus lakoocha (AL), bauhinia
purpurea (BP), Garuga pinnata (GP) and Ficus sroxburghii (FR), cultivated widely for
feeding ruminants in the hills of Nepal and maintained at the Agriculture Research Station
(Goat), Bandipur were investigated for there chemical composition, and nutrient intake,
digestibility, and growth rate in growing female goats. Differences occurred between species
of tree fodders on nutrient composition, which contained 286, 342, 312, and 263 g/kg DM;
174, 98, 116 and 178 g/kg total ash; 137, 163, 140, and 119 g/kg CP; 440, 458, 437, and 451
g/kg NDF; 383, 407, 382, and 406 g/kg ADF; 177, 135, 181, and 143 g/kg ADL; 19.5, 21.6,
20.9, and 29.3 g/kg Ca; and 2.2, 2.8, 2.4, and 2.5 g/kg P on DM basis for AL, BP, GP, and
FR, respectively. The DM intake was higher for goats fed AL (432 g/d) and GP (428 g/d)
than BP (342 g/d) or FR (306 g/d). Nutrient digestibility was higher for goats fed AL and
GP, except Ca, which was higher for goats fed FR. Similarly, highest daily weight gain was
observed for goats fed AL (71 g/d) and GP (64 g/d) than either of BP (54 g/d) or FR (30
g/d). Overall, leaves and twigs from these tree fodders supported moderate growth, but may
not be advisable for maximum production.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=33
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 88-94 p[article] Evaluation of Selected Species of Fodder Trees Cultivated for Feeding Ruminant Animals in the Hills of Nepal [printed text] / Khanal, R.C., Author ; Chet R. Upreti, Author . - 2007 . - 88-94 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 88-94 p
Keywords: Digestibility, goat, nutritive value, performance, tree fodders Abstract: Leaves and twigs from four species of tree fodders, Aetocarpus lakoocha (AL), bauhinia
purpurea (BP), Garuga pinnata (GP) and Ficus sroxburghii (FR), cultivated widely for
feeding ruminants in the hills of Nepal and maintained at the Agriculture Research Station
(Goat), Bandipur were investigated for there chemical composition, and nutrient intake,
digestibility, and growth rate in growing female goats. Differences occurred between species
of tree fodders on nutrient composition, which contained 286, 342, 312, and 263 g/kg DM;
174, 98, 116 and 178 g/kg total ash; 137, 163, 140, and 119 g/kg CP; 440, 458, 437, and 451
g/kg NDF; 383, 407, 382, and 406 g/kg ADF; 177, 135, 181, and 143 g/kg ADL; 19.5, 21.6,
20.9, and 29.3 g/kg Ca; and 2.2, 2.8, 2.4, and 2.5 g/kg P on DM basis for AL, BP, GP, and
FR, respectively. The DM intake was higher for goats fed AL (432 g/d) and GP (428 g/d)
than BP (342 g/d) or FR (306 g/d). Nutrient digestibility was higher for goats fed AL and
GP, except Ca, which was higher for goats fed FR. Similarly, highest daily weight gain was
observed for goats fed AL (71 g/d) and GP (64 g/d) than either of BP (54 g/d) or FR (30
g/d). Overall, leaves and twigs from these tree fodders supported moderate growth, but may
not be advisable for maximum production.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=33
Title : Marketing Constraints to Goats in the Western Hill of Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: Nepali, M.B., Author ; Tiwari, Megh Raj, Author ; Sudha Sapkota, Author Publication Date: 2007 Article on page: 95-102 p Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Agents, collection, demand, price, transportation Abstract: Goat marketing study was conducted in eleven districts with the objectives of exploration
the existing goat marketing system in western hills of Nepal. The methodology of the study
was households survey, Rapid Marketing Appraisal and use of secondary data. Some of the
marketing centers are at the village level, catchments, terminal level markets and district
headquarters. There are some marketing agents dealing with the goat marketing from village
to the municipalities. Goat marketing agents mainly found farmers and middlemen at the
village level and catchments markets. In terminal markets mainly wholesalers and
middlemen were involved where as in district headquarters and municipalities middlemen,
wholesalers and butchers were dealing the goat business. 59.3% respondents believed that
middlemen visit in the village for goat marketing. Almost all farmers sell their goats on the
basis of estimated price. Major constraints on goat marketing were lack of public goat
marketing centres, lack of communications about goat marketing and lack of infrastructure
etc in all the domestic markets. In the western hills of Nepal main goat marketing centre was
found in Pokhara sub municipality where traders/whole sellers bring their goats to sale from
different catchments. Government has the provision of establishing new goat marketing
centers in each VDCs and district headquarters.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=34
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 95-102 p[article] Marketing Constraints to Goats in the Western Hill of Nepal [printed text] / Nepali, M.B., Author ; Tiwari, Megh Raj, Author ; Sudha Sapkota, Author . - 2007 . - 95-102 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 95-102 p
Keywords: Agents, collection, demand, price, transportation Abstract: Goat marketing study was conducted in eleven districts with the objectives of exploration
the existing goat marketing system in western hills of Nepal. The methodology of the study
was households survey, Rapid Marketing Appraisal and use of secondary data. Some of the
marketing centers are at the village level, catchments, terminal level markets and district
headquarters. There are some marketing agents dealing with the goat marketing from village
to the municipalities. Goat marketing agents mainly found farmers and middlemen at the
village level and catchments markets. In terminal markets mainly wholesalers and
middlemen were involved where as in district headquarters and municipalities middlemen,
wholesalers and butchers were dealing the goat business. 59.3% respondents believed that
middlemen visit in the village for goat marketing. Almost all farmers sell their goats on the
basis of estimated price. Major constraints on goat marketing were lack of public goat
marketing centres, lack of communications about goat marketing and lack of infrastructure
etc in all the domestic markets. In the western hills of Nepal main goat marketing centre was
found in Pokhara sub municipality where traders/whole sellers bring their goats to sale from
different catchments. Government has the provision of establishing new goat marketing
centers in each VDCs and district headquarters.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=34
Title : Measuring Returns from Improved Rice, Maize and Wheat Research in Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: Thakur, Naresh Singh, Author ; Paudel, M.N., Author ; Gauchan, Devendra, Author Publication Date: 2007 Article on page: 103-112 p Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Agriculture, food crops, impact, internal rate of return,livelihood, research investment Abstract: Studies on returns to research have been established in different countries to
justify research funding and allocation of research priorities. However in
Nepal, there are no scientific studies carried out recently on return to
research investment in major crops and commodities, despite priority given
in agricultural sector. This paper has summarized the research investment
with respect to major cereals viz; rice, maize, and wheat and income
generated by the impact of improved varieties of these crops in Nepal.
Internal rate of return for major cereal crops (rice, maize, and wheat) was
estimated using time series data of 1995 to 2005. The findings revealed that
there is a negative annual growth rate (-0.59%) of NARC budget during
1998-2004. There was a food deficit during mid nineties, however, in the late
nineties while despite tremendous curtailing of budget for research, a surplus
of food grain was observed. Although the situation of positive food grain
balance is not the result of current year's efforts on research it could be the
impacts of years of efforts that were in a continuous pace in the past for
agriculture R&D coupled with the impacts of extension related activities in
the country. Food surplus is mainly contributed by the efforts of massive
release of improved varieties of crops by NARC during late nineties. The
internal rate of return (IRR) of these cereals for a decade (1995-2004) was in
the range of 84-105%, which is around Rs 235673 millions of income
generation while investment for their research was Rs 559 millions (0.24%
of their revenue). This indicates that there is gross under funding on research
for major crops, despite their significant contribution in national economy,
food security, and livelihood improvement in Nepal. Finally paper suggests
for increased investment in agricultural research for meeting increasing
needs of food, income, and employment of growing population as well as
enhancing and sustaining future agricultural R&D in the country.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=35
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 103-112 p[article] Measuring Returns from Improved Rice, Maize and Wheat Research in Nepal [printed text] / Thakur, Naresh Singh, Author ; Paudel, M.N., Author ; Gauchan, Devendra, Author . - 2007 . - 103-112 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 103-112 p
Keywords: Agriculture, food crops, impact, internal rate of return,livelihood, research investment Abstract: Studies on returns to research have been established in different countries to
justify research funding and allocation of research priorities. However in
Nepal, there are no scientific studies carried out recently on return to
research investment in major crops and commodities, despite priority given
in agricultural sector. This paper has summarized the research investment
with respect to major cereals viz; rice, maize, and wheat and income
generated by the impact of improved varieties of these crops in Nepal.
Internal rate of return for major cereal crops (rice, maize, and wheat) was
estimated using time series data of 1995 to 2005. The findings revealed that
there is a negative annual growth rate (-0.59%) of NARC budget during
1998-2004. There was a food deficit during mid nineties, however, in the late
nineties while despite tremendous curtailing of budget for research, a surplus
of food grain was observed. Although the situation of positive food grain
balance is not the result of current year's efforts on research it could be the
impacts of years of efforts that were in a continuous pace in the past for
agriculture R&D coupled with the impacts of extension related activities in
the country. Food surplus is mainly contributed by the efforts of massive
release of improved varieties of crops by NARC during late nineties. The
internal rate of return (IRR) of these cereals for a decade (1995-2004) was in
the range of 84-105%, which is around Rs 235673 millions of income
generation while investment for their research was Rs 559 millions (0.24%
of their revenue). This indicates that there is gross under funding on research
for major crops, despite their significant contribution in national economy,
food security, and livelihood improvement in Nepal. Finally paper suggests
for increased investment in agricultural research for meeting increasing
needs of food, income, and employment of growing population as well as
enhancing and sustaining future agricultural R&D in the country.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=35
Title : Identification of Suitable Planting Method for Potato + Maize Intercropping System in the Hill of Eastern Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: Barakoti, T.P., Author Publication Date: 2007 Article on page: 113-119 p General note: Research note Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Effect, intercropping, maize, planting method, potato Abstract: Field experiments to identify suitable planting method under potato + maize system in the
high hill (2200 m) of eastern Nepal Sindhuwa, Dhankuta, was conducted during 2000 and
2001 seasons for the potato variety Hale and maize variety Ganesh 1. Of the different
planting methods tested, significantly the highest yield of potato (15.5 t/ha) was recorded
from the alternate row planting followed by recommended practice and flat row planting.
Early emergence (by 7-12 days) was in farmers' practice, whereas uniform plants (1-5
scale) observed in flat row and double row planting. Maize did not follow this trend.
Double row and farmer's practice favored good ground coverage (80-95%) by potato
plants, which attained height from 49.8cm (farmer's practice) to 56.8 cm (flat row).
Number of main stems/plant was higher in all treatments, except farmer's practice. Similar
trend was followed in tuber numbers. Maturity of crops did not depend on planting
methods. Final stand of potato ranged between 46.9 (alternate row) and 68.6 thousand/ha
(farmer's practice). Late blight and bacterial wilt infection was higher in the farmers'
practice. The height of maize plants was significantly differed between sole cropping (220
cm), which yielded higher followed by alternate row (183 cm) and flat row plantings.
Gross income from maize and potato was higher in flat row planting. The data revealed that
alternate row and flat row planting methods were superior over the common farmers'
practice and the recommended practice, so the identified planting methods were
recommended.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=36
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 113-119 p[article] Identification of Suitable Planting Method for Potato + Maize Intercropping System in the Hill of Eastern Nepal [printed text] / Barakoti, T.P., Author . - 2007 . - 113-119 p.
Research note
Languages : English (eng)
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 113-119 p
Keywords: Effect, intercropping, maize, planting method, potato Abstract: Field experiments to identify suitable planting method under potato + maize system in the
high hill (2200 m) of eastern Nepal Sindhuwa, Dhankuta, was conducted during 2000 and
2001 seasons for the potato variety Hale and maize variety Ganesh 1. Of the different
planting methods tested, significantly the highest yield of potato (15.5 t/ha) was recorded
from the alternate row planting followed by recommended practice and flat row planting.
Early emergence (by 7-12 days) was in farmers' practice, whereas uniform plants (1-5
scale) observed in flat row and double row planting. Maize did not follow this trend.
Double row and farmer's practice favored good ground coverage (80-95%) by potato
plants, which attained height from 49.8cm (farmer's practice) to 56.8 cm (flat row).
Number of main stems/plant was higher in all treatments, except farmer's practice. Similar
trend was followed in tuber numbers. Maturity of crops did not depend on planting
methods. Final stand of potato ranged between 46.9 (alternate row) and 68.6 thousand/ha
(farmer's practice). Late blight and bacterial wilt infection was higher in the farmers'
practice. The height of maize plants was significantly differed between sole cropping (220
cm), which yielded higher followed by alternate row (183 cm) and flat row plantings.
Gross income from maize and potato was higher in flat row planting. The data revealed that
alternate row and flat row planting methods were superior over the common farmers'
practice and the recommended practice, so the identified planting methods were
recommended.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=36
Title : Pollen and Spikelet Analysis in F1 Rice Hybrids and their Parents Material Type: printed text Authors: Joshi, Bal K., Author ; Laxmi P. Subedi, Author ; Santa B. Gurung, Author Publication Date: 2007 Article on page: 120-126 p General note: Research note Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Correlation, F1 rice, pollen category, regression coefficient Abstract: Pollen analysis can be used to discriminate between different species, identify possible
interspecies hybrids, identify restorer and maintainer lines, useful to study genetics of
restorer gene, interaction between chromosome and cytoplasm and relationship between
parents. Pollen abortion system of male sterility is an important tool in hybrid rice
production and spikelet is the major yield components. Nine improved cultivars, six
landraces and three wild aborted cytoplasmic-genetic male sterile (CMS) lines were used to
analyze pollen and spikelet in F1 rice hybrids and their parents. The frequency of pollen
categories and its relationship to spikelet fertility were investigated. Pollen sterility of the
F1s was determined by staining pollen grains in 1% potassium iodide-iodine (I-KI) solution.
Spikelet fertility was determined by counting the total number of seed set in proportion to
the total number of spikelets. Correlation and regression coefficients for some traits were
computed. In hybrids, pollen fertility ranged from 0.5 to 82% and spikelet fertility from 0 to
87%. Pollen fertility varied from 28 to 97%, while spikelet fertility from 73 to 91% in pollen
parents. The highest and the lowest percentages of pollen fertility were found in Chaite-6
and Chiunde cultivars respectively. Spikelet fertility percentage varied widely among
hybrids and many hybrids had lower spikelet fertility percentage than their parents.
Therefore, it is of practical importance to understand the causes of high spikelet sterility in
hybrids for possible increase in spikelet fertility. Highly significant positive correlation was
found between stained round fertile (SRF) pollen and spikelet fertility. The positive value of
correlation and regression coefficient on SRF and spikelet fertility were found between F1
and mid parent, and F1 and male parent. High fertility of cross may be due to the presence of
a wide compatibility gene or restorer genes in the cultivar. Lower pollen and spikelet
fertility of the crosses was attributed to effect of the genetic background of the tester parent.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=37
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 120-126 p[article] Pollen and Spikelet Analysis in F1 Rice Hybrids and their Parents [printed text] / Joshi, Bal K., Author ; Laxmi P. Subedi, Author ; Santa B. Gurung, Author . - 2007 . - 120-126 p.
Research note
Languages : English (eng)
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 120-126 p
Keywords: Correlation, F1 rice, pollen category, regression coefficient Abstract: Pollen analysis can be used to discriminate between different species, identify possible
interspecies hybrids, identify restorer and maintainer lines, useful to study genetics of
restorer gene, interaction between chromosome and cytoplasm and relationship between
parents. Pollen abortion system of male sterility is an important tool in hybrid rice
production and spikelet is the major yield components. Nine improved cultivars, six
landraces and three wild aborted cytoplasmic-genetic male sterile (CMS) lines were used to
analyze pollen and spikelet in F1 rice hybrids and their parents. The frequency of pollen
categories and its relationship to spikelet fertility were investigated. Pollen sterility of the
F1s was determined by staining pollen grains in 1% potassium iodide-iodine (I-KI) solution.
Spikelet fertility was determined by counting the total number of seed set in proportion to
the total number of spikelets. Correlation and regression coefficients for some traits were
computed. In hybrids, pollen fertility ranged from 0.5 to 82% and spikelet fertility from 0 to
87%. Pollen fertility varied from 28 to 97%, while spikelet fertility from 73 to 91% in pollen
parents. The highest and the lowest percentages of pollen fertility were found in Chaite-6
and Chiunde cultivars respectively. Spikelet fertility percentage varied widely among
hybrids and many hybrids had lower spikelet fertility percentage than their parents.
Therefore, it is of practical importance to understand the causes of high spikelet sterility in
hybrids for possible increase in spikelet fertility. Highly significant positive correlation was
found between stained round fertile (SRF) pollen and spikelet fertility. The positive value of
correlation and regression coefficient on SRF and spikelet fertility were found between F1
and mid parent, and F1 and male parent. High fertility of cross may be due to the presence of
a wide compatibility gene or restorer genes in the cultivar. Lower pollen and spikelet
fertility of the crosses was attributed to effect of the genetic background of the tester parent.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=37
Title : Bulb Canker of Garlic Caused by Embellisia allii, Newly Found in Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: Timila (Dhawa), R.D., Author ; Gyanu Manandhar, Author ; Sharada Joshi, Author Publication Date: 2007 Article on page: 127-129 p General note: Research note Languages : English (eng) Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=38
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 127-129 p[article] Bulb Canker of Garlic Caused by Embellisia allii, Newly Found in Nepal [printed text] / Timila (Dhawa), R.D., Author ; Gyanu Manandhar, Author ; Sharada Joshi, Author . - 2007 . - 127-129 p.
Research note
Languages : English (eng)
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 127-129 p
Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=38
Title : Reproductive Disorders and Seroprevalence of Brucellosis in Yak Material Type: printed text Authors: Aryal, S.R., Author ; Krishna P. Paudel, Author Publication Date: 2007 Article on page: 130-132 p General note: Research note Languages : English (eng) Keywords: BRUCELLA ABORTUS, BRUCELLOSIS, REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS,SEROPREVALENCE, YAK Abstract: A study on reproductive disorders among yaks in Mustang and Solukhumbu districts and
seroprevalence of brucellosis among yaks in Mustang and Myagdi districts was conducted.
Eleven farmers having 383 female and 72 male yaks in Mustang and 129 female and 27
male yaks in Solukhumbu districts were taken by purposive random sampling for the study
on reproductive disorders. Likewise Sixty- seven serum samples were also collected from
adult female yaks having history of abortion and retained placenta, and from male yaks used
for breeding purpose from Mustang and Myagdi districts. An average of 12.63% of female
yaks aborted, 7.26% had had retention of placenta and 6.6% repeat breeders in Mustang
district. Similarly, 6.3% had abortion, 2.09% retained placenta and 6.5% repeat breeders in
Solukhumbu district. However, all the 67 serum samples examined were found negative to
the Brucella abortus antibody on ELISA test suggesting that the yak population was free
from brucellosis in these areas. Thus abortion and retention of placenta in Yak in Mustang
district may not be due to brucellosis. A detail study should be done to find the specific
cause of abortion and repeat breeding to recommend preventive and control measures.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=39
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 130-132 p[article] Reproductive Disorders and Seroprevalence of Brucellosis in Yak [printed text] / Aryal, S.R., Author ; Krishna P. Paudel, Author . - 2007 . - 130-132 p.
Research note
Languages : English (eng)
in Nepal Agriculture Research Journal > Vol. 8 (2007) . - 130-132 p
Keywords: BRUCELLA ABORTUS, BRUCELLOSIS, REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS,SEROPREVALENCE, YAK Abstract: A study on reproductive disorders among yaks in Mustang and Solukhumbu districts and
seroprevalence of brucellosis among yaks in Mustang and Myagdi districts was conducted.
Eleven farmers having 383 female and 72 male yaks in Mustang and 129 female and 27
male yaks in Solukhumbu districts were taken by purposive random sampling for the study
on reproductive disorders. Likewise Sixty- seven serum samples were also collected from
adult female yaks having history of abortion and retained placenta, and from male yaks used
for breeding purpose from Mustang and Myagdi districts. An average of 12.63% of female
yaks aborted, 7.26% had had retention of placenta and 6.6% repeat breeders in Mustang
district. Similarly, 6.3% had abortion, 2.09% retained placenta and 6.5% repeat breeders in
Solukhumbu district. However, all the 67 serum samples examined were found negative to
the Brucella abortus antibody on ELISA test suggesting that the yak population was free
from brucellosis in these areas. Thus abortion and retention of placenta in Yak in Mustang
district may not be due to brucellosis. A detail study should be done to find the specific
cause of abortion and repeat breeding to recommend preventive and control measures.Link for e-copy: http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=39
