Currently, NARC is ·in the process of reforming its agricultural research system to make it more dynamic,
responsive and accountable to client's needs and priorities. The current challenge facing NARC is how to
be more pro-active, inclusive and cost-effective to design, develop and deliver appropriate technologies
to large masses of resource poor farmers and other clients in Nepal? In this context, there is a need of
review of its on-going outreach research approaches, models and strategies as wells as those adopted
by other institutions in Nepal. This paper reviews current outreach research, participatory technology
development (PTD) and scaling-up strategies adopted by NARC. In addition, it also reviews recent
emerging models of technology development and transfer world wide such as Agriculture Knowledge
and Information System (AKIS) and National System of Innovation (NSI) perspectives. Efforts are also
made to outline possible aavantages of these approaches and perspectives and suggestions are made to
revise NARC partnership and PTD program updated and compatible in line with changing economic,
developmental and political scenario of the country. The paper also discusses possibility of linking
current technology development and outreach programs with the informal innovation of the various
actors and rural people to reach and meet the emerging needs of large number of resource poor fanners
and other clients in the country. Options are also indicated to focus on targeting research programs to
rural poor and disadvantaged groups and emphasize promotion of institutional innovation in its current
PTD and outreach strategies in addition to on-going process of promoting technological innovation.
Finally, the pap~ suggests few other possible strategies and future directions for NARC to enhance its
linkage and partnership with diverse actors through coordination, alliances and networking and make
its PTD program effective, responsive and dynamic to reach large number of resource poor farmers and
other clients.

Currently, NARC is ·in the process of reforming its agricultural research system to make it more dynamic,
responsive and accountable to client's needs and priorities. The current challenge facing NARC is how to
be more pro-active, inclusive and cost-effective to design, develop and deliver appropriate technologies
to large masses of resource poor farmers and other clients in Nepal? In this context, there is a need of
review of its on-going outreach research approaches, models and strategies as wells as those adopted
by other institutions in Nepal. This paper reviews current outreach research, participatory technology
development (PTD) and scaling-up strategies adopted by NARC. In addition, it also reviews recent
emerging models of technology development and transfer world wide such as Agriculture Knowledge
and Information System (AKIS) and National System of Innovation (NSI) perspectives. Efforts are also
made to outline possible aavantages of these approaches and perspectives and suggestions are made to
revise NARC partnership and PTD program updated and compatible in line with changing economic,
developmental and political scenario of the country. The paper also discusses possibility of linking
current technology development and outreach programs with the informal innovation of the various
actors and rural people to reach and meet the emerging needs of large number of resource poor fanners
and other clients in the country. Options are also indicated to focus on targeting research programs to
rural poor and disadvantaged groups and emphasize promotion of institutional innovation in its current
PTD and outreach strategies in addition to on-going process of promoting technological innovation.
Finally, the pap~ suggests few other possible strategies and future directions for NARC to enhance its
linkage and partnership with diverse actors through coordination, alliances and networking and make
its PTD program effective, responsive and dynamic to reach large number of resource poor farmers and
other clients.

Value-chain from equiptnent manufacture to output marketing and water source. Development approach
was adopted by Nepal SIMI for the benefit of smallholders and disadvantaged groups of fanners.
Similarly efficient water use for irrigation and domestic use with cost effective proven micro-irrigation
technologies and water storage and distribution technologies has increased the income of farmers
rapidly.

Value-chain from equiptnent manufacture to output marketing and water source. Development approach
was adopted by Nepal SIMI for the benefit of smallholders and disadvantaged groups of fanners.
Similarly efficient water use for irrigation and domestic use with cost effective proven micro-irrigation
technologies and water storage and distribution technologies has increased the income of farmers
rapidly.