.The objec(ives_ of the study were to find out the acidic areas of Eastern, Central and Western hi!ls
of"Nepal, to identify acidic soil toleran.t genotypes· of different upland crops and to develop
technology for ameliorating acid soil. Field experiments were also conducted to manqge the
marginal maize production system with the. use of organic manure· and inorganic fertilizers as
. · · . ~ell as to identify limitation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nt{trienis in different agroclimatic
conditions ofwestern·hills .ofNepal. A .total of 1163 soil samples were collected from ·
.. five hill districts· of Eastern, anC?ther jive · districts· of Central and eleven disff:icts of Western
. Nepal and analyzed for soil pH, out ofwh(ch 5,8.4% had less than 5.5 pH indicating extremely to
· strongly acidic soil. Local and exotic germplasms of maize, wheat soybean upland rice and
· blackiram crops were planted in the farmeis'.fields in acidic soils. In the western hills, maize
· and wheat g;ain yields.. of different genotypes did not differ significantly but differed sign.ificantly
in the eastern hills. Upland ric:e grain yield of western hill differed significantly but not in {he
eastern hill. Grain yields of soybean differed s.ignificantly b.oth in the eastern and western hills.
Yield of different blackgram genotypes did not vary significantly in the western hill an_d the yield
was. very low due to drought during the blackgram growing season. In the western hills, the
effect of soil amendme.nts such as ·agriculture lime, organic 'manure and phosphorus fert1lizer
. . . . was· not opserved on maize and residual effect on tori ·whereas it was o~erved on wheat and
, maize in ~heat-maize system.· Similarly the above.soil amendments had no significant effect on
upland rice; blackgram and soybe·an. Soil amendments h_ad no significant effect on grain yields ...
.of maize and green pea in m(lize-green pea system, upland rice cmd soybean crops but only on
·mustard in the Eastern· hills. In the Central hills, maize and upland rice grain yields differed
significantly· due to tlie soil amend,;,ents, but no! a/soybean. The. mean data of four years showed
.that u.nrf.er acidic, laiV fertility .and marginal rainfed upiand ·conditions· of exc.~siye rainfall area
of Lumle, even high . dose · of balanced chemical fertilizer gaVe very poor yields of maize and .
finger. millet. Application, of 120 kg N/ha 't~r~ugh or~ganic manure or combination of 60 kg Nlha
· . . Jhrough organic pliJs 60:30:20 ·kg N: P20s:~20/ha through inorganic sources produced 'J.68 to ·
· 1. 71 tlha maize gtain/ha. ·Organic mqnure alpne or combination of organic and inorganic
. ·fertilizers produced better yiel4 of re!ayed fingermillet grain (0.57-0.69 tlha)- in maize than
. inorganic fer!ilizer. alone (0.36-.0.44 t/h:a). Application of 3t lim~a in second year· increased soil
pH in ·an treatments ... Similarly, total N and. avaflable P · contents slightly ·increased while
· e~i;hangeable K and organic ci:u.bon decreas.ed with the use. of lime. Application of 100 kg N, 100
.. . · tg Nlha +100 ~g P20J lha or 100 kg N+100 kg P,Os+100 kg K20 /h.a had no·sigfl_ificant effect,
. ·. . .. · : . · · when cornpare.d with farmers' practice. But above dose of NP K plus 5t lime/ha gave significantly
·: . : · : · high yield~ compared to farmers 'practice or only 100 kg Nih a.

.The objec(ives_ of the study were to find out the acidic areas of Eastern, Central and Western hi!ls
of"Nepal, to identify acidic soil toleran.t genotypes· of different upland crops and to develop
technology for ameliorating acid soil. Field experiments were also conducted to manqge the
marginal maize production system with the. use of organic manure· and inorganic fertilizers as
. · · . ~ell as to identify limitation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nt{trienis in different agroclimatic
conditions ofwestern·hills .ofNepal. A .total of 1163 soil samples were collected from ·
.. five hill districts· of Eastern, anC?ther jive · districts· of Central and eleven disff:icts of Western
. Nepal and analyzed for soil pH, out ofwh(ch 5,8.4% had less than 5.5 pH indicating extremely to
· strongly acidic soil. Local and exotic germplasms of maize, wheat soybean upland rice and
· blackiram crops were planted in the farmeis'.fields in acidic soils. In the western hills, maize
· and wheat g;ain yields.. of different genotypes did not differ significantly but differed sign.ificantly
in the eastern hills. Upland ric:e grain yield of western hill differed significantly but not in {he
eastern hill. Grain yields of soybean differed s.ignificantly b.oth in the eastern and western hills.
Yield of different blackgram genotypes did not vary significantly in the western hill an_d the yield
was. very low due to drought during the blackgram growing season. In the western hills, the
effect of soil amendme.nts such as ·agriculture lime, organic 'manure and phosphorus fert1lizer
. . . . was· not opserved on maize and residual effect on tori ·whereas it was o~erved on wheat and
, maize in ~heat-maize system.· Similarly the above.soil amendments had no significant effect on
upland rice; blackgram and soybe·an. Soil amendments h_ad no significant effect on grain yields ...
.of maize and green pea in m(lize-green pea system, upland rice cmd soybean crops but only on
·mustard in the Eastern· hills. In the Central hills, maize and upland rice grain yields differed
significantly· due to tlie soil amend,;,ents, but no! a/soybean. The. mean data of four years showed
.that u.nrf.er acidic, laiV fertility .and marginal rainfed upiand ·conditions· of exc.~siye rainfall area
of Lumle, even high . dose · of balanced chemical fertilizer gaVe very poor yields of maize and .
finger. millet. Application, of 120 kg N/ha 't~r~ugh or~ganic manure or combination of 60 kg Nlha
· . . Jhrough organic pliJs 60:30:20 ·kg N: P20s:~20/ha through inorganic sources produced 'J.68 to ·
· 1. 71 tlha maize gtain/ha. ·Organic mqnure alpne or combination of organic and inorganic
. ·fertilizers produced better yiel4 of re!ayed fingermillet grain (0.57-0.69 tlha)- in maize than
. inorganic fer!ilizer. alone (0.36-.0.44 t/h:a). Application of 3t lim~a in second year· increased soil
pH in ·an treatments ... Similarly, total N and. avaflable P · contents slightly ·increased while
· e~i;hangeable K and organic ci:u.bon decreas.ed with the use. of lime. Application of 100 kg N, 100
kg Nlha +100 ~g P20J lha or 100 kg N+100 kg P,Os+100 kg K20 /h.a had no·sigfl_ificant effect,
when cornpare.d with farmers' practice. But above dose of NP K plus 5t lime/ha gave significantly
high yield~ compared to farmers 'practice or only 100 kg Nih a.

.The objec(ives_ of the study were to find out the acidic areas of Eastern, Central and Western hi!ls
of"Nepal, to identify acidic soil toleran.t genotypes· of different upland crops and to develop
technology for ameliorating acid soil. Field experiments were also conducted to manqge the
marginal maize production system with the. use of organic manure· and inorganic fertilizers as
. · · . ~ell as to identify limitation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nt{trienis in different agroclimatic
conditions ofwestern·hills .ofNepal. A .total of 1163 soil samples were collected from ·
.. five hill districts· of Eastern, anC?ther jive · districts· of Central and eleven disff:icts of Western
. Nepal and analyzed for soil pH, out ofwh(ch 5,8.4% had less than 5.5 pH indicating extremely to
· strongly acidic soil. Local and exotic germplasms of maize, wheat soybean upland rice and
· blackiram crops were planted in the farmeis'.fields in acidic soils. In the western hills, maize
· and wheat g;ain yields.. of different genotypes did not differ significantly but differed sign.ificantly
in the eastern hills. Upland ric:e grain yield of western hill differed significantly but not in {he
eastern hill. Grain yields of soybean differed s.ignificantly b.oth in the eastern and western hills.
Yield of different blackgram genotypes did not vary significantly in the western hill an_d the yield
was. very low due to drought during the blackgram growing season. In the western hills, the
effect of soil amendme.nts such as ·agriculture lime, organic 'manure and phosphorus fert1lizer
. . . . was· not opserved on maize and residual effect on tori ·whereas it was o~erved on wheat and
, maize in ~heat-maize system.· Similarly the above.soil amendments had no significant effect on
upland rice; blackgram and soybe·an. Soil amendments h_ad no significant effect on grain yields ...
.of maize and green pea in m(lize-green pea system, upland rice cmd soybean crops but only on
·mustard in the Eastern· hills. In the Central hills, maize and upland rice grain yields differed
significantly· due to tlie soil amend,;,ents, but no! a/soybean. The. mean data of four years showed
.that u.nrf.er acidic, laiV fertility .and marginal rainfed upiand ·conditions· of exc.~siye rainfall area
of Lumle, even high . dose · of balanced chemical fertilizer gaVe very poor yields of maize and .
finger. millet. Application, of 120 kg N/ha 't~r~ugh or~ganic manure or combination of 60 kg Nlha
· . . Jhrough organic pliJs 60:30:20 ·kg N: P20s:~20/ha through inorganic sources produced 'J.68 to ·
· 1. 71 tlha maize gtain/ha. ·Organic mqnure alpne or combination of organic and inorganic
. ·fertilizers produced better yiel4 of re!ayed fingermillet grain (0.57-0.69 tlha)- in maize than
. inorganic fer!ilizer. alone (0.36-.0.44 t/h:a). Application of 3t lim~a in second year· increased soil
pH in ·an treatments ... Similarly, total N and. avaflable P · contents slightly ·increased while
· e~i;hangeable K and organic ci:u.bon decreas.ed with the use. of lime. Application of 100 kg N, 100
.. . · tg Nlha +100 ~g P20J lha or 100 kg N+100 kg P,Os+100 kg K20 /h.a had no·sigfl_ificant effect,
. ·. . .. · : . · · when cornpare.d with farmers' practice. But above dose of NP K plus 5t lime/ha gave significantly
·: . : · : · high yield~ compared to farmers 'practice or only 100 kg Nih a.

.The objec(ives_ of the study were to find out the acidic areas of Eastern, Central and Western hi!ls
of"Nepal, to identify acidic soil toleran.t genotypes· of different upland crops and to develop
technology for ameliorating acid soil. Field experiments were also conducted to manqge the
marginal maize production system with the. use of organic manure· and inorganic fertilizers as
. · · . ~ell as to identify limitation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nt{trienis in different agroclimatic
conditions ofwestern·hills .ofNepal. A .total of 1163 soil samples were collected from ·
.. five hill districts· of Eastern, anC?ther jive · districts· of Central and eleven disff:icts of Western
. Nepal and analyzed for soil pH, out ofwh(ch 5,8.4% had less than 5.5 pH indicating extremely to
· strongly acidic soil. Local and exotic germplasms of maize, wheat soybean upland rice and
· blackiram crops were planted in the farmeis'.fields in acidic soils. In the western hills, maize
· and wheat g;ain yields.. of different genotypes did not differ significantly but differed sign.ificantly
in the eastern hills. Upland ric:e grain yield of western hill differed significantly but not in {he
eastern hill. Grain yields of soybean differed s.ignificantly b.oth in the eastern and western hills.
Yield of different blackgram genotypes did not vary significantly in the western hill an_d the yield
was. very low due to drought during the blackgram growing season. In the western hills, the
effect of soil amendme.nts such as ·agriculture lime, organic 'manure and phosphorus fert1lizer
. . . . was· not opserved on maize and residual effect on tori ·whereas it was o~erved on wheat and
, maize in ~heat-maize system.· Similarly the above.soil amendments had no significant effect on
upland rice; blackgram and soybe·an. Soil amendments h_ad no significant effect on grain yields ...
.of maize and green pea in m(lize-green pea system, upland rice cmd soybean crops but only on
·mustard in the Eastern· hills. In the Central hills, maize and upland rice grain yields differed
significantly· due to tlie soil amend,;,ents, but no! a/soybean. The. mean data of four years showed
.that u.nrf.er acidic, laiV fertility .and marginal rainfed upiand ·conditions· of exc.~siye rainfall area
of Lumle, even high . dose · of balanced chemical fertilizer gaVe very poor yields of maize and .
finger. millet. Application, of 120 kg N/ha 't~r~ugh or~ganic manure or combination of 60 kg Nlha
· . . Jhrough organic pliJs 60:30:20 ·kg N: P20s:~20/ha through inorganic sources produced 'J.68 to ·
· 1. 71 tlha maize gtain/ha. ·Organic mqnure alpne or combination of organic and inorganic
. ·fertilizers produced better yiel4 of re!ayed fingermillet grain (0.57-0.69 tlha)- in maize than
. inorganic fer!ilizer. alone (0.36-.0.44 t/h:a). Application of 3t lim~a in second year· increased soil
pH in ·an treatments ... Similarly, total N and. avaflable P · contents slightly ·increased while
· e~i;hangeable K and organic ci:u.bon decreas.ed with the use. of lime. Application of 100 kg N, 100
kg Nlha +100 ~g P20J lha or 100 kg N+100 kg P,Os+100 kg K20 /h.a had no·sigfl_ificant effect,
when cornpare.d with farmers' practice. But above dose of NP K plus 5t lime/ha gave significantly
high yield~ compared to farmers 'practice or only 100 kg Nih a.