Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Work... Catalogue en ligne

in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

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Title :	Study on optimum potassium requirement in rice under rice-wheat cropping system at Chitwan Valley
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	S Srivastava, Editor ; Khadka, Y.G, Editor ; S Raut, Editor ; Shrestha, R., Editor
Pagination:	1-5 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Potassium ; Productivity Sustainable Rice-wheat system
Abstract:	The field experiments were conducted during the rice seasons of the three years (2064, 2065 and 2066) in Rampur, Chitwan to recommend optimal level of potassium for better and sustainable rice grain production under Rice-Wheat cropping system. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used with seven treatments of potassium levels (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 kg K20 ha-l) with four replications. The plot size was laid out 12m2. The Ram Dhan variety was selected for the study area of Chitwan valley. The highest rice grain production (524lkg ha-l), plant height growth (104.5 em), number of tillers (267) and straw weight (7067 kg ha-l) were recorded in treatment six (T6: 100:30:75: N: P205: K20 kg ha-l) in the first year (2064). Statistically, both grain and straw yield were found significantly higher as compare to treatment two (T2: 100:30:15: N: P205: K20 kg ha-l). In second year, the highest rice grain (3875kg ha-l) and straw (4376 kg ha-l) yield was obtained from treatment five (T5: 100:30:60:N: P205: K20 kg ha-l). In three years research period, the highest rice grain (4304 kg ha-l) was produced by the treatment five (T5). Similarly, the highest straw yield (5106kg ha-l) was obtained by treatment six (T6). Three years field experiment reveals 60 kg .K20 ha-l recommendation could be sustainable rice production under rice wheat cropping system of light textured soil. The experimental results also indicated a depleting trend of inherent soil potassium due to several factors such as intensive cultivation, leaching losses ·and imbalance use of potassium containing fertilizers in the cropping systems.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Determination of optimum dose of organic and inorganic manure for maximum produciton of bean(Phaseolous vulgaris(at Jumla)
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	L.L Shrestha, Editor ; RB Bhujel, Editor ; CB Rana, Editor ; P.M Mahat, Editor
Pagination:	6-8 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Bean ; Indigenous Jumla Pooled analysis Significant
Abstract:	Bean is an indigenous and one of the important crops of Jumla and Karnali region as a whole. Fanners in Jumla grow bean mostly in uplands and other marginal lands. However, the area of bean has been extending towards low land after wheat cultivation. Fanners rarely use manures and fertilizers in bean crop. Therefore, in order to determine the optimum level of nitrogen, phosphorus, potash & farm yard manure (FYM) to obtain maximum production of bean; experiment during 067/068 and 068/069 was carried out at Agriculture Research Station (ARS), Vijayanagar, Jumla. Experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design in three replications with six treatments (N: P: K kglha + FYM tonlha) Tl= 100:60:40+6mt., T2 =120:65:45+6mt. T3= 130:70:50+6mt. T4= 140:75:55+6mt. T5= 30mt.FYM, and T6=0:0:0:+0 (Control). During 067/068, Plant height, number of pods/plant and yield were found significant (p<O.Ol) while other parameters like 50% flowering days, 90% maturity days, pod length, no. of grains/pod, no. of plants/m2 , and 100 grain weight were found non-significant. Similarly, during 2068/2069, plant height and no. of pods/plant were found significant at p<O.O 1 and 0.05 per cent level. All other parameters were observed as non-significant. During 067/68 the highest mean grain yield of 1567.33kg/ha was obtained from TS (30mt.FYM/ha)) followed by T4 (140:75:55 kg N: P: K/ha+6mt FYM/ha) recording an average yield of 1362.67 kglha and T2 (120:65:45 kg N:P:K kg/ha + 6mt FYM/ha) and the lowest yield 539.33kg/ha was obtained from control treatment. Similarly, during 068/069 the highest mean grain yield of 1862.33kg/ha was obtained from T4 (140:75:55 N: P: K kglha+6mt.FYM/ha) followed by T2 (120:65:45 N:P:K kglha+6mt. FYM/ha) which recorded an average yield of 1458.67kglha. The lowest yield of 80 I .OOkglha was produced in control treatment. The two years pooled analysis revealed the highest mean grain yield of 1612.50kg/ha from T4 (140:75 :55 N: P: K kg/ha+6mt. FYM/ha) followed by the mean grain yield of 1458.83kg/ha in T5 (30mt.FYM/ha.) treatment. Similarly, the effect of year was observed significant (p<O.OS) while effect oftreatments in two years and interaction between year and treatment was found non-significant. Since it is only two years data, the trial needs to be pursued year by year for better result.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Evaluation of rice genotypes for different environmental conditions (2011-2012)
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Mishra, K.K., Editor ; D.L Yadav, Editor
Pagination:	9-17 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Fine and aromatic rice ; genotypes rainfed lowland
Abstract:	couhtry. It is not only the staple food but also a dependable source· of cattle feed all the year round. Under this project Five different varietal improve~~nt activities were carried out at Regional Agricultural Research Station Nepalgunj during 2011and 2012 rainy seasons to identifY the yield potential resistant/tolerant to biotic and abiotic stress in Normal. irri~ted rice, Fine and aromatic rice, Rainfed lowland medium (CVTRLM), Upland nce(direct seeded system) and Rainfcd lowland early rice. These trials were received from National Rice Research Program, Hardinath Baninya, Dhanusha 2011and 2012 and develop as Regional Elite Varietal trial at RARS, Nepalgunj in 2012, Among the tested genotypes, In CVT on Normal irrigated Rice, IR 81896-B-B-484 was found as highest yielder (5404kg/ha) followed by IR 80411-B-28-4 (5213), IR 79615-9-3-1-3 (5146lcg/ha) and IR 76479-48-3-1 (5125kg/ha) respectively, In CVTIR.EVT on Fine and Aromatic (FAR ), IR48725-B-B-99-3 -B-B-99-3 produced highest grain Yieldlha (4192kg/ha) followed by IR78539-32-l-2-1(2958kg/ha) and IR77542-90-1-1-1-5 (2874kglha) respectively, Likewise CVTIR.EVT on Rainfed lowland medium(CVTRLM), IR69707-10-1-2-2-3-3 produced highest grain Yieldlha (422lkglha) followed by IR45416-R-R-R-R-156- 2(4052kglha) and IR70213-10-CPA-2-3-2-1 (4008kglha) respectively. Similarly in CVTIR.EVT on Rainfed lowland early rice, HAROINATH-1 produced highest grain yieldlha (3190 kglha) followed by IR80436-B-73-3 (3019kg/ha) and IR80412-B-19-1 (3010kg/ha) respectively. In CVTIR.EVT Upland rice (direct seeded), IR 79413-B-362-B-B produced highest grain yield (3985kglha), followed by IR 78914-B-22-B-B-B (3885kglha) and GHAIY A -2(ST.CO (3776kglha) respectively. These direct seeding also eliminates the risk of yield loss due to transplanting delay. These selected genotypes were promoted to Regional Advance Yield Trial and Regional Farmers Field Trial.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Performance of rice genotypes under drought stress conditions during rice growing season of 2011-2012
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Mishra, K.K., Editor ; A Kunwar, Editor
Pagination:	29-4 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Drought stress ; advance yield trial rainy season
Abstract:	Drought is the major constraint to rice production in rainfed areas of Nepal. In the context of current and predicted water scarcity, increasing irrigation is generally not a viable option for alleviating drought problems in rain fed rice-growing systems. It is therefore critical that genetic management strategies for drought focus on maximum extraction of available soil moisture and its efficient use in crop establishment and growth to maximize biomass and yield. Extensive genetic variation for drou~t resistance exists in rice germplasm. Eexperiments were conducted during rainy seasons of 2011 and 2012 at Regional Agriculture Research Station, Nepalgunj. A total of 400 genotypes were evaluated in five different varietal trials for drought tolerance under the project Stress Tolerant Rice for poor farmers in Africa and South Asia Genotype IR 83873-B-B-47-4 produced highest grain yield of 4356 kglha followed by IR 83372~B-B-94-4 (4323 kglha) and (4165 kglha), respectively, in Advance Yield Trial100-120 RS, where local check Sabitri produced only 2737 kglha. An overall reduction in yield among genotypes provided with reproductive stress was recorded as 3 I .82% compared to the fully irrigated trials, indicating intensity of stress was moderate. In Advance Yield Trial Greater Than 120 RS (A YTGT120),1R 70210-39-CPA-7-1-1-4-2 had highest grain yield (3924kg/ha) followed by IR 78875-207- B-3-B(3906 kglha.) and IR 80312-6-B-3-2-B (3854 kglha) respectively, where as standard check Sabitri produced (1736 kglha). Under reproductive stress condition, the overall reduction in yield (RYR) was 37.61% compared to the fully irrigated trials, which imply that intensity of stress was moderate. In DONER RS, CIDCKEN SHONI was found as highest yielder (3396 kg /ha) followed by CO 19 (3229 kglha), SLO 16 (3229 kglha),respectively. Under RS condition RYR was 28.84. Likewise, in IR64 NILSRS, IR 87707-446-B-B-B produced highest grain yield (3433 kglha) followed by IR 87707-445-BB- B (3300 kglha) and IR 87706-215-B-B-B (2985 kglha) respectively, where as IR 64 produced 1600 kglha. Under reproductive stress condition, the overall reduction in yield was recorded as 42.09% compared to the fully irrigated trials. Similarly, in OBSERVATION YIELD TRIAL RS, IR 87760-15-2-3-4 produced highest grain yield (4667 kglha) followed by IR 87761-60-2-4-2 (4217 kglha) and IR 87638-10-1-1-2 (4125 kglha) respectively.The entries which had yield more than 3500 kg per ha were selected for AYT. All most all those selected genotypes came under 100-120 days maturity group. Under reproductive stress condition, the overall reduction in yield (RYR) was 40% compared to the fully irrigated trials, which imply that intensity of stress was moderate.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Varietal investigation on hybrid rice under normal conditon (2011-12)
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Mishra, K.K., Editor ; C.L Chaudhary, Editor ; U Sah, Author ; P Sah, Author
Pagination:	41-48 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Hybrid ; yield advantage grain
Abstract:	Hybrid rice provides an option for achieving high yield potential under favorable c~nditions .Hybrid and cultivated varieties (OPV) as checks were screened for yield potential under well-watered fields with high input Composed total 98 hybrids rice in four different activities to identify hybrids which have high yield potential in irrigated condition fit in lowland cropping system. Among the tested hybrid, 15 out of 98 hybrids showed a yield advantage (on an average of 20%) over checks ie. Standard heterosis Hoc:x) or heterosis over check variety(CK), Among tested Hybrid,Samraa00-22 were highest Hoa 29.35713 and yielder (6036.66kg/ha) followed by Rasmi 966 Hoa 27.92856(5970kg/ha), DRH 775 Hocx: 27.21428(5936.66kg/ha), RHR 333 HoCK 25.40475(5852.2kg/ha) and NPH -8899 Hocx: 28.28845% (5764kglha), GK500023 HocK 27.04207(5708kg/ha),Tej paddy Hocx: 26.73047(5694kglha), Hybrid PriHocK 26.73047(5694kglha), Super 115 Hex: 20.78571(5636.66kg/ha) Shanti, Indam 20017 Hocx: 25.19475(5625kglha), 6129 Bulk HcK 23.65903(5556kglha), Samrat Hoa 20.56532(5417kglha), , GK 5017 HcK 20.56532(5417kglha), AAKASH Hocx: 20.25373(5403kglha)and KAILASH HocK 22.75517(5403kg/ha)respectively in RARS Nepalgunj. Likewise in combine analysis of different four location Super 125 were highest HcK 28.07 yielder (5305kglha) followed by Supper 3 HocK 27.95 (5300kglha), Kranti Gold Ha 26.17 (5226kg/ha), Kailash HocK 25.73(5208kglha) and Super 115 Ha 20.07 (5008kglha). Simalarly 25 out of 98 hybrid lines showed low yielder than OPV check variety ie. SABITRI, JANKI in normal set and Hardinath-1 for early set. Rest of the Hybrid lines showed betweenl to14% Standard heterosis (Hoc:x) or heterosis over check variety (CK) in RARS Nepalgunj condition.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Rice Varietal investigation under irrigated condition during 2009-10
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Mishra, K.K., Editor ; Yadav D.L
Pagination:	49-58 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Irrigated cropping system ; lowland observation yield trial
Abstract:	The irrigated rice-based cropping system is one of most important production systems in Nepal, A total of 300 genotypes of rice in six different varietal activities under the BMGF project were conducted during June to December season 2009 and 2010 in irrigated condition. To develop varieties with high yield potential in irrigated condition and fit in lowland cropping system. All the tested genotypes were received from IRRI, Philippines in the year 2009 and 2010. Among the tested genotypes, In Advance Yield Trial100- 120,IR 79913-B-399-B-2produced highest grain Yield (6750kg/ha) followed by Radha-4 (60 17kglha), IR81431-B-B-141 (5353kg/ha) and IR78908-193-B-3-B (5343kg/ha) respectively. Similarly, in Advance Yield Trial Greater Than 120C( AYTGT120), IR81896- B-B-74-B (6123.5kg/ha) and lR 81896-B-B-68-B (583Skg/ha) showed as stable genotypes, on the basis of average yield of two years. likewise In trial RM520C, IR 81896-B-B- 362was found as highest yielder (4950 kg /ha) followed by IR 81896-B-B-408 and IR 81896-B-B-158 (4247 kg/ha) and (4195kg/ha) respectively, In ADAYSAL lR 64, IR 75298-5-6-18 has highest grain yield (6063kglha) followed by IR 64 (5906kg/ha) and IR 77298-5-6-19 (5875kglha) respectively. In Donor trial lRS75 14-PMI-5-B-1-2 was found as highest yielder (5146 kglha) followed by IR77080-B-34-t-1(4733 kglha) and Ghaiya2 (4429 kglha), respectively. In Observation Yield Trial ,IR 78875-207-B-1-B, IR 78936-B- 9-B-B-B, IR 78937-B-20-B-B-4, IR 79907-B-389-B-1, IR 79913-B-238-B-3, IR 79913-B- 362-B-3, IR 79915-B-83-4-3, lR 79915-B-83-4-4, IR 79971-B-149-2-3, IR 79971-B-149-2- 4 ,IR 79971-B-201-2-3, IR 80973-B-186-U 1-2, IR 81063-B-94-U 3-1 ,IR 81063-B-94-U 3-2, IR 81063-B-94-U 3-3, IR 81063-B-94-U 3-4, IR 81430-B-B-140and IR 75417-R-R-RR- 267-3 were selected. All those selected genotypes fall under 100-120 days maturity group with good yield potential (>6 tonlha) more than standard check SABITRI. The selected genotypes were promoted to Advance Yield trial( A YT 1 00-120).
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Performance of open pollinated full season maize varieties in the central hills of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Pokharel, B.B., Editor ; Koirala, K.B. ; K Baral, Author ; S Subedi, Author ; A Timilsina, Author ; S Thapa, Author
Pagination:	59-65 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Open pollinated ; full season central hills of Nepal
Abstract:	Maize is the staple crop of mid and high hills of Nepal. Farmers are in continuous search for stable and high yielding genotypes that can perform well under ra.infed condition. In order to identify suitable maize genotype addressing the fanners demand, series of field researches like intermediate yield trial (TYT), coordinated varietal trial (CVT) and coordinated farmers field frial (CFFT) were conducted at the research field of HCRP and the farmers' field of Dolakha and Ramechhap during the rainy season of 20 11 and 2012. The testing materials were made available from NMRP, Rampur. The design was laid out in RCBD with three replications. Twelve genotypes in IYT and CVT each and 6 genotypes in CFFT were tested. The result from IYT, CVT and FFT showed significant variation among genotypes for grain yield and associated traits. In IYT genotypes 07SADVI, TLBRS07F14 and ZM-401 were found superior. In CVT, genotypes Rampur S03F04 and Rampur S03F08 were found promising. Genotypes P501SRCOIP502SRCO, Across9942/Across9944, and BGBYPOP were found· superior in the farmers' field experiment and could be recommended for mid hill regions of Dolakha and similar environments. Similarly, hybrids RML-4/RML-17 and RML-32/RML-17 were found encouraging.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Varietal Improvement of jute (Corchorus olitorius) for Eastern Terai region of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Gupta, B.K., Editor ; Thapa, Y.R. ; B.P Chaudhari, Author ; H.N Mandal, Author ; S Yadav, Author ; B. Chaudhary, Author
Pagination:	66-70 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Varietal improvement ; jute eastern terai region
Abstract:	Field experiment was conducted at the Jute Research program of ltahari Sunsari district from spring to rainy season during 200911 0 to 2010/11 eleven elite genotypes of jute(Corchoros 0/itorious) evaluated in initial evaluation trial. Out of the tested genotypes, JRO 524 produced the highest fiber yield (2649.33kglha followed by YA-41(2558.83 kglh)and BRD-SRB-061(2316 kglh).Similarly, ten elite genotypes ofjute were evaluated in advanced varietal trial during the same year and location .Out of tasted genotypes KENDS- 066 Produced highest dry fiber yield (2725kg/h) followed by KEN-DS-058(2700kglh) and JR0-524(2627kglh).performance of combined over the two years genotypes of jute KEN-DS-066 produced highest dry fiber yield(3122kglha) followed by KEN-DS- 066(3010kglha).Statistically, the differences in fiber yield due to genotypes was not found significantly. The analysis of fiber content was also carried out on the basis of dry fiber weight of the same entries included in the advanced varietal trial .The increase in dry fiber yield weight during the period of 60 to 90days after seeding was observed highest in the genotypes BJRI-1965(758.26gm/ten p)followed by the genotypes KEN-DS- 066(735.20gm/ten p.). The fast growth rate of plant height was observed highest genotypes OM-I (131.53cm) and 0-4(125.66cm) whereas the genotypes BJRI-1965(0.49cm) and F-6 oli (0.48cm) were found highest in the growth of basal diameter of the plants. Tested genotypes of first flowering and seed setting, genotypes JR0-524(115.33&126.0 followed by genotypes Itahari-2(119.66&127.66days).Statistically, significant difference among the treatments indicating early genotypes. The analysis of the segregating population (F3) revealed that the desired alleles are going on positive direction although the dominant effect was not observed.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Maize varietal improvement for terai, inner terai and food hill valleys of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Kunwar, C.B., Editor ; B.N Chaudhari ; Sah, Y.P., Author ; Bhurer, K.P., Author ; Dhakal, J., Author ; J.B Chhetri
Keywords:	Open Pollinated Varietis (OPVs) Genotypes ; Coordinated varietal trial Terai inner terai
Abstract:	With the objective of identifying high yielding, disease resistant yello'Y maize varieties, a series of experiments were conducted during 2010-2012 in RCB Des~gn. In the Intermediate Yield Trial-Terai Set (IYTT), twenty-one genotypes including standerd check were tested. The result obtained from the combined analysis at four locations (RARS Parwanipur, ARS Belachapi, ARS Surkhet, and NMRP Rampur) sh.owed that the genotypes R POP-1 found highest yielder (5.89 tlha) followed by R POP-2 (5.82 tlha) and RAMPUR S03F04 (5.78 tlha) were produced higher grain yield respectively. In the Co-ordinated Varietal Trial-Terai Set (CVTf), the trial was composed multi-location testing for six locations on winter season (NMRP Rampur, RARS Tarahara, RARS Parwanipur and ARS Belachapi) and OJi summer season (NMRP Rampur, ARS Surkhet and ARS Doti) with fourteen treatments including checks. The combined analysis revealed that the genotype Rampur population-2 produced the highest grain yield (5.88 t/ha) followed by Rampur Population-4 (5.67 tlha), ACROSS9331RE (5.49 tlha) and BLSBS07F10 (5.24 tlha) respectively. All the genotypes were found highly significant at 15% moisture level for grain yield.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Early and extra meturing maize variety for terai , inner terai and foot hill of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Kunwar, C.B., Editor ; S.P Paudel ; Shrestha, J., Author ; Bhurer, K.P., Author ; J.B Chhetri
Pagination:	78-81 p.
Keywords:	Population improvement ; half sib family selection early maize
Abstract:	Four field experiments (IYTE,CVTE, CFFTE, Population improvement) were conducted at different locations during summer and winter of2009, 2010 and 2011 with the objective of identifying and developing high yielding, insect pest tolerance, early maturing matching to cropping system (as three crops for a year) maize varieties for hill, terai and inner terai of Nepal. In IYTE, the genotypes S03TEYILN (5276 kg -ha), ACROSS-2401 (4605 kg -ha), S03TEY-FM (ER), (4.518tlha) and S03TEY-SEQ (4126 kg -ha) were promising for grain yield and maturity period; therefore they were promoted to CVT. In CVTE, the genotypes: POP-44 I POOL-15 (3841 kg-ha), Khumal Y/ POOL-17 (3699 kg-ha) and POP-45/POOL-17 (3346 kg-ha) were noted high yielding with early maturity over the locations and Arun-lEV, Arun-4 were promoted to CFFTE. In CFFTE, the genotypes: Arun-1 Ev and Arun-4 were significantly superior over other genotypes and Pool-17 was the earliest in maturity. Hence, Arun-lEV (white) and Arun-4 (yellow) and Pool-17 were already proposed for variety release for general cultivation as early and Pool-17 as extra- early. Two cycles of population improvement for Arun-4, Arun-1EV and Pool-17 have been completed by adopting half-sib family selection method. Stratified mass selection was used for maintenance and improvement of promising prerelease/released varieties.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Evaluation of Maize under high temperature condition
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Gurung D.B., Editor ; K.P Dhital ; Shrestha, J., Author ; Bhurer, K.P., Author ; J.B Chhetri
Pagination:	82-84 p.
Keywords:	Anthesis-silking interval ; grain yield high temperature maize
Abstract:	High temperature is an important constraint of yield reduction in maize. In order to identify superior maize genotypes under high temperature, forty four genotypes were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications at Parwanipur, Nepalgunj and Rampur during summer season of 2010. The pooled analysis over locations showed that TLBRS07F16 produced the highest grain yield with shorter ASI and bigger ear length (2809 kglha, 3.3 days, 14.43 em) followed by RPOP-4 (2417 kglha, 1.8 days, 13.66 em), TLBRS07F14 (2316 kglha, 3 days, 14.25 em), BLSBS07F10 (2159 kglha, 2.2 days, 14.42 em), Manakamana-3 (2108 kglha, 2 days, 14.75 em) and Upahar (2108 kglha, 3.5 days, 14.33 em). Therefore it was concluded that TLBRS07F16, RPOP-4, TLBRS07F14, BLSBS07F10, Manakamana-3 and Upahar were best genotypes under high temperature conditions at terai region of Nepal.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Upland rice research for tropical and subtropical regions of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	G.C Thakur, Editor ; Sah, S.N. ; B Pokhrel, Author ; B.P Mahato, Author
Pagination:	85-91 p.
Keywords:	Upland ; subsistence genotype promising yield
Abstract:	Upland rice mainly grown by subsistence fanners covers about 8% of total rice area in Nepal and there is limited varietal opportunity for upland rice growers. So varietal research activities like International Upland Rice Observation Nursery (IURON), Initial Evaluation Trial of Upland Rice (IETUR), Coordinated Varietal Trial of Upland Rice (CVTUR) and Coordinated Farmers Field Trials (CFFTUR) were carried out in wet season at National Rice Research Program (NRRP) Hardinath, ARS Surkhet and RARS Nepalganj dming 2009 and 2010 to identify suitable upland rice varieties to increase production and productivity of upland rice. The result showed that genotypes IR81429-B-31, IR 81044-B- 112-U4-2, IR78914-B-22-B-B-B, CT15672-12-1-7-3-l-M, IR67406-49-2-3-1-3-3 during 2009 and IR 83749-B-B-65-1, IR 83384-B-B-102-3, IR 82616-B-B-64-3, IR 82589-B-B-7- 2 during 2010 found superior in grain yield and other traits in IURON. PR 18674-PJ-2, Barkhe 1027, IR77298-14-1-2-1 during 2009 and IR77298-12-7-13, KMP34, IR81429-B- 31, IR 7300098-1-2-3, IR 71718-59-1-2-3, IR 81429-B-31 during 2010 were found promising in IETUR Similarly Wayrarem, Yunlun 65 and IR71710-78-2-2 in 2009 and IR79913-B-176-BU2, IR8973-B-186, IR79907-B-184-8, IR79413-B-362-B-B and IR81025-B-16-1 in 2010 found promising in CVTUR. Entries IR79413-B-362-B-B and IR81 025-B-16-1 performed well at ARS Surkhet as well as in NRRP Hardinath while PR26850-PJ-18 and IR77298-14-1-2-1 performed well at ARS Surkhet only while PR26516, IR55435-5 in 2009 and IR433-2, Wayrarem in 2010 produced higher grain yield in all locations. RR433-2, Wayrarem in 2009 and PR26516, IR55435-5 in 2010 performed better than other genotypes in CFFTUR and preferred by the farmers too
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Upland rice research for tropical and subtropical regions of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	G.C Thakur, Editor ; Sah, S.N. ; B Pokhrel, Author ; B.P Mahato, Author
Pagination:	85-91 p.
Keywords:	Upland ; subsistence genotype promising yield
Abstract:	Upland rice mainly grown by subsistence fanners covers about 8% of total rice area in Nepal and there is limited varietal opportunity for upland rice growers. So varietal research activities like International Upland Rice Observation Nursery (IURON), Initial Evaluation Trial of Upland Rice (IETUR), Coordinated Varietal Trial of Upland Rice (CVTUR) and Coordinated Farmers Field Trials (CFFTUR) were carried out in wet season at National Rice Research Program (NRRP) Hardinath, ARS Surkhet and RARS Nepalganj dming 2009 and 2010 to identify suitable upland rice varieties to increase production and productivity of upland rice. The result showed that genotypes IR81429-B-31, IR 81044-B- 112-U4-2, IR78914-B-22-B-B-B, CT15672-12-1-7-3-l-M, IR67406-49-2-3-1-3-3 during 2009 and IR 83749-B-B-65-1, IR 83384-B-B-102-3, IR 82616-B-B-64-3, IR 82589-B-B-7- 2 during 2010 found superior in grain yield and other traits in IURON. PR 18674-PJ-2, Barkhe 1027, IR77298-14-1-2-1 during 2009 and IR77298-12-7-13, KMP34, IR81429-B- 31, IR 7300098-1-2-3, IR 71718-59-1-2-3, IR 81429-B-31 during 2010 were found promising in IETUR Similarly Wayrarem, Yunlun 65 and IR71710-78-2-2 in 2009 and IR79913-B-176-BU2, IR8973-B-186, IR79907-B-184-8, IR79413-B-362-B-B and IR81025-B-16-1 in 2010 found promising in CVTUR. Entries IR79413-B-362-B-B and IR81 025-B-16-1 performed well at ARS Surkhet as well as in NRRP Hardinath while PR26850-PJ-18 and IR77298-14-1-2-1 performed well at ARS Surkhet only while PR26516, IR55435-5 in 2009 and IR433-2, Wayrarem in 2010 produced higher grain yield in all locations. RR433-2, Wayrarem in 2009 and PR26516, IR55435-5 in 2010 performed better than other genotypes in CFFTUR and preferred by the farmers too

in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Varietal research on fine grain and aromatic rice for terai and river basin areas of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	G.C Thakur, Editor ; Sah, S.N. ; Akhtar, T., Author ; Mahato, R.K., Author ; Ghimire, K.H., Author ; G Hamal, Author ; Chaudhary R.B, Author ; G Yadav, Author
Pagination:	92-101 p.
Keywords:	Aromatic ; fine quality variety rice
Abstract:	People seek for good living and mealitig due to change in economic status that causes increase in demand of quality and fine rice. However there is limited varietal option for the farmers. Varietal research works such as International Fine and Aromatic Rice Observation Nursery (IFARON), Initial Evaluation Trial of Fine and Aromatic Rice (IETFAR), Coordinated Varietal Trials on Fine and Aromatic Rice (CVTFAR) and Coordinated Farmers field Trials of Fine and Aromatic Rice (CFFTF AR) were conducted during 2009 and 2010 with an objective to identify fine grain and aromatic rice genotypes preferable to the farmers. IETFAR and CVTFAR were planted in RCB design in three replications. CVTFAR was carried out at NRRP Hardinath, RARS Tarahara, Parwanipur and Nepalganj. IR78006-55-2-3-3, IR77734-93-2-3-2, IR 77629-72-2-1-3 during 2009 IR77542-560-1-1-1- 1-2, IR 77542-551-1-1-1-1-2, TR775-12-128-2-I-2 lR77734-93-2-3-2 during 2010 were found superior in grain yield and other traits in IRF AON at NRRP Hardinath. Similarly JR 48725-B-B-993, MT131, IR 77542-90-1-1-1-5, Tox 3073-7-1-2-3-2, SPR 86035-52-5-1-1 in 2009 and IR 70456-65-2-1-1-2, IR 78539-32-1-2-1, lET 17268 in 2010 identified promising in JETFAR conducted at NRRP Hardinath. Entries IR72869-5-2-1, IR73002- 14.6-2-3-3, TR-73008-136-2-2-3 in 2009 and IR 48725-B-B-92-1, JR 77542-90-1-1-1-land Tox3711-5-2-2 in 2010 at RARS Tarahara, IR78006-55-2-3-3, IR77734-93-2-3-2 in 2009 and IR775-39-80-2-2-2, IR 726869-25-237, IR 78545-57-2-1-3 and NC452 in 2010 at NRRP Hardinath, IR 48725-B-B-99-3, Tox 3711-5-2-2, RR 26768-Pll in 2010 at NMRP Rampur performed better in CVTFAR. Among tested genotypes IR72869-5-2-l in 2009 IR 48725-B-B-99-3 in 2010 found promising across locations. IR 74052-165-3-2, IR72837-39- 3-1-2 in 2009 and lET 16775 and JR74052-165-3-2 perfonned better in CFFTFAR across location.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Rice varietal research for warm temperate region of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Upreti, H.K., Editor ; Khatiwada, S.P. ; J.B Adhikari, Author ; S Thapa, Author ; H.K Prasain, Author ; A Pokhrel, Author
Pagination:	102-114 p.
Keywords:	Warm temperature ; rice genotypes selection livelihood
Abstract:	Field experiments were conducted both on station and on farm at ARS Pakhribas from the eastern region to Agronomy farm, Khumaltar, HCRP Dolakha, RARS Lumle, ARS Dailekh to RARS Doti in the far western region to select input efficient stable high yielding, disease resistant and early to medium maturity varieties fitting to the prevailing cropping system of warm temperate region. Multi-location test of coordinated varietal trails consisting 10 genotypes were compared with standard check varieties in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Five promising lines were evaluated in the farmer's field for adaptability and acceptance test. Selected lines were NR10548-B-22-2-l, NR10490-89-3-2-l-1 and NR10591-B-B-l-l in CVT 2009; NR10585-B-B-4-3, NR10676-B-1-3-3-3 and NR10591- B-B-3-3 in CVT 2010 and NR10757-8-l-3-l and NR10528-B2-21-3-l-l based on agromorphological traits and quality parameters. Similarly outstanding genotypes from FFT were NR10492-7-2-2, NR10490-94-31-3 and NR10515-69-1 in 2009, NR10443-45-l-2-2- 3, NR10548-B-22-2-1 and NR10490-89-3-2-l-1 in 2010 and NRIOSSS-B-B-4-3-2, NR10676-B-1-3-3-3, NR10548-B-22-2-1 and NR10490-89-3-2-1-1 in 2011. The major traits used for selection were days to maturity, plant height, grain type and size and yield. These lines were similar or superior to standard check varieties in most of the quality and other yield attributing traits. Among them NR10492-7-2-2 and NRlOSlS-69-1 showing yield stability over the years and locations in farmers' field and performed better both in normal and late planted condition and released for general cultivation in the context of climate change in the name of Khumal-10 and Khumal-13 respectively during the year 2010. Adoption of these varieties will increase rice production and help to enhance the livelihood of the hill farmers.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Development and identification of cold tolerant rice genotypes for high hill areas of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Upreti, H.K., Editor ; Khatiwada, S.P. ; J.B Adhikari, Author ; RB Bhujel, Author ; P Mahat, Author
Pagination:	115-119 p.
Keywords:	Cold tolerant ; cold injury rice genotypes high hills livelihood
Abstract:	Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food crop of Nepal occupying area of about 1.5 million hectare from 60 meter in terai to 3050 meter above sea level in high hill Jumla with the productivity of 3.13 tlha. About 4.46% of the total rice land falls within high hill where cold injury due to low air temperature is the major constraint in the rice production. An attempt was made to develop cold tolerant and high yielding rive genotypes for this region by conducting on station and on farm rice varietal research. On station research were conducted at ARS Jumla and Khumaltar late planting condition involving 10-12 rice genotypes during 2009-2012 in randomized complete block design (RCBD). Four promising lines were evaluated in the farmer's field as on farm trial in OR sites of ARS Jumla, and ARS Pakhribas during 2009-2012. These lines were compared with standard check variety Chandannath-3. Among them NR10479-B-33-2-1-1 and NR10482-B-10-3-2- 2 were found promising and preferred by farmers due to its stable high yield over Chandannath-3 in tested locations. Release and wider dissemination of these genotypes will help to uplift the livelihood of high hill farmers' and help to reduce the problem of food security in high hill areas.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Varietal improvement works for fine and aromatic rice under irrigated condition at Parwanipur, Bara, Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	P Shah, Editor ; Akhtar, T. ; Ansari, A.R., Author ; R.T Chaudhary, Author
Pagination:	190-192 p.
Keywords:	Rice ; CVT CFFT Varietal improvement Fine and aromatic irrigated rice
Abstract:	A field experiment was carried out during the summer season of 2010 and 2011 to identify the high yielding fine and aromatic rice variety at RARS Parwanipur, Bara. The experiment was conducted in RCB design having three replications. During 2010 and 2011, twenty entries were tested in Coordinated Varietal Trial. Among the tested entries the top grain yield was produced by SPR 86035-52-5-1-1(2100 kg ha"1 ) followed by IR 48725-B-B-99-3 (1882 kg ha" 1 ) in 2010 while Katami produced top grain yield (4001 kg ha" 1 ) followed by IR78539-32-1-2-1 (3922 kg ha" 1 ) in 2011. In Coordinated Farmers Field Trial, six genotypes were evaluated. IR74052-165-3-2 produced the top grain yield (3040 kg ha"1 ) followed by IR77539-80-2-2-2 (2500 kg ha"1 ) during 2010 and IR74052-165-3-2 produced top grain yield (3550 kg ha" 1 ) followed by IET16775 (3031 kg ha" 1 ) in 2011.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Variation on agro-morphological characteristics among Nepalies finger millet germplasm
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	R.B Amgai, Editor ; T.B Chettri ; S. K. Budhathoki, Author ; M.P. Upadhyaya, Author ; Khatiwada, S.P., Author ; A Mudwari, Author
Pagination:	193-196 p.
Keywords:	Finger millet ; Landrace variation qualitative quantitative
Abstract:	Finger millet is the 4111 important food crop in Nepal. It is major food for hilly region of the country. Finger millet is CQnsidered as more nutritious cereal food. Nepal harbor a lot of the finger millet germplasm variability across the country that have a lot of breeding value. Therefore, four hundred and thirty nine finger millet accessions collected from different parts of the country were evaluated for 19 different qualitative and quantitative traits during normal finger millet growing season of2009 and 2010. Two rows of 1.5 m long with 20 em spacing were used on augmented design with Daile, Okhale, Kahre Kodo-1 and GPU-48 as check varieties. Seed was sown on both rows and plant spacing was maintained for 15 em after 30 days of seedling emergence. Other cultivation practice was conducted as per normal condition. A lot of variation was found for both traits. Days to 50% heading, days to SO% maturity, Effective tiller, Finger no., no. of seed per finger and total grain per spike varied from 48-101, 79-172, 1-6, 2-10, 65-2597 and 123-2775 respectively. A lot of variation was also found on ear shape, ear size, grain covering, grain color, grain shape, grain surface and pericarp persistence characteristics. This variation can be used for the development of the finger millet varieties for niche specificity and broad adaptability.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Varietal improvement on vegetable soybean in the mid-hills of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Neupane, R., Editor ; Shrestha, R. ; Tripathi, S.R, Author ; A Paudel, Author ; S.R Subedi, Author
Pagination:	197-202 p.
Keywords:	Vegetable soybean ; mid-hills varietal investigation
Abstract:	Soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) is the important summer legume in terms of area and production in Nepal. It is now a days becoming popular for vegetable purpose in green pod stage. Till now only one variety, Tarkari Bbatmas-1 bas been released for vegetable purpose. Several exotic and local genotypes of vegetable soybean were evaluated at three locations- Agronomy Division, Khumaltar, Hill Crops Research Program (HCRP) and Regional Agriculture Research Station (RARS) Lumle in order to identify and select suitable genotypes for the mid hills. In coordinated varietal trial at Khumaltar, AGS-361 (219lkglba), AGS-378 (2011kg/ba) and AGS-377 (1982kg/ha) were promising genotypes in terms of seed yield. Differences in m8turity period and hundred seed weight was highly significant among the tested genotypes in the year 2009/10, whereas in the year 2010111 in coordinated varietal trial at Khumaltar, AGS-381(1838kg/ba) and AGS-364 (1779kglba) produced higher yields than check variety Satbiya. In HCRP, Kabre and RARS, Lumle, the genotype AGS-361 produced higher yields than standard check variety. In the farmers' field trial at Khunialtar, HCRP Kabre and RARS Lumle, the genotypes AGS-378 and AGS- 351 were found promising in terms of seed yield.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Varietal improvement works on groundnut (mid-late)
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Chaudhary, R.R., Editor ; Chaudhary, D.K. ; O.N Chaudhary, Author ; N.H Ghimire, Author
Pagination:	203-208 p.
Keywords:	Disease resistant ; mid-late maturing pod yield
Abstract:	Field experiment namely Observation Nursery (OBN), Initial Evaluation Trial (mid-late), lET (VB), lET (SB), coordinated varietal trial (CVT) and coordinated farmers field trial (CFFT) were conducted during 2010-2012 to select high yielding, medium maturing genotypes for different agro cl~c condition of Nepal. In OBN, out of 59 genotypes of groundnut, ICGV 7240 (4900 kglha), ICGV 06229 (4593 kglha), ICGV 07222 (4587 kglha), ICGV 06227 (4347 kg/ha), ICGV 07220 (4283 kglha), ICGV 6423 (4167 kg/ha), ICGV 05155 (4120 kglha), were found promising in pod yield, early matqring, disease and pest resistant. In lET (mid-late) ICGV 07247 produced the highest pod yield of (3223 kglha) followed by ICGV 07220 (2948 kg/ha), ICGV 07222 (2947 kglha), ICGV 98184 (2709 kg/ha) and ICGV 06423 (2352 kglha). IN lET (SB) none of the tested genotypes were found superior in pod yield to standard check Rajarshi (2343 kg/ha). In lET (VB), genotypes ICGV 98180 (3236 kglha), ICGV 97100 (2751 kglha), ICGV 97171 (2636 kglha), ICGV 98184 (2509 kglha) and ICGV 98184 (2498 kglha) were found promising over standard check B- 4 (2116 kglha). On the basis of two years data (2066/67- 2067/68) of CVT mid-late revealed that ICGV 97079 produced the highest pod yield of (23 S 1 kglha) followed by ICGV 00440 (1810 kglha). ICGV 91074 performed well under farmer's field condition and could be proposed for the purpose of general cultivation under different agro climatic condition ofNepal.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Varietal improvement works on groundnut (Early)
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Chaudhary, R.R., Editor ; Chaudhary, D.K. ; O.N Chaudhary, Author ; N.H Ghimire, Author ; T. B. Ghimire, Author
Pagination:	209-213 p.
Keywords:	Disease resistant ; early maturing pod yield
Abstract:	A series of experimen~s on groundnut such as Observation nursery (OBN), Initial evaluation trial (IE'I}, Co-ordinated varie~l trial (CVT) and Co-ordinated farmer's field trial (CFFT) were conducted during 2010-20.12 tO identify high yielding major diseases and pest resistant variety of gro1.1ndnut ~uitable for different agro climatic condition of Nepal with early maturity. In observation nursery, ICGV 00391 (3238 kglha), ICGV 93077(2733 kg/ha), ICGV 95005 (2349 kglha), ICGV 86.124 (2258 kg/ha), ICGV 99102 (2278 kglha), ECGN 001(1947 kglha), ICGV 95416 (1935 kglha), ICGV 86564 (1831 kg/ha), ICGV 94173 (1824 kglha) and ICGV 86425 (18~0 kglha) were found promising genotypes in terms of pod yield, disease and pest resistant. In lET ICGV 07240 (2416 kglha) produced the highest pod yield followed by ICGV 05155 (2182 kg lha), ICGV 03189 (1685 kglha) and ICGV 06319 (1634 kglha). In CVT early maturing two years data (2009/1 0 and 2010/11) showed that genotype ICGV 87885 produced significantly higher pod yield in both years. ICGV 87885 also performed weU under farmer's field of different agro-climatic condition. Therefore, ICGV 87885 could be propo'sed foi the purpose of general cultivation under divergent climatic condition
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Performance of rainfed lowland medium rice in tropical region of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Sah, S.N., Editor ; Akhtar, T. ; Mishra, K.K., Author ; G Thakur, Author
Pagination:	214-222 p.
Abstract:	Limited area is under irrigation in Nepal. Rainfed lowland rice is major ecosystem of rice farming however farmer's varietal choice is not enough. The objective of this study was to identify the varieties suitable for rainfed lowland areas. International Rainfed Lowland Observation Nursery (IRLON), Initial Evaluation Trial on Rainfed Lowland Medium {IETRLM), Coordinated Varietal Trials on Rainfed Lowland Medium (CVTRLM) and Coordinated Farmers Field Trials on Rainfed Lowland Medium (CFFTRLM) were conducted during 2009 and 2010. IR 80461-B-79-3, IR 80408- B-43-3, IR 80461-B-7-1, IR80421-B-127-3, IR 80411-B-3-4, PSBNC 68 in module 1 and IR85264- 14, IR57514-PMT5-B-l-2, IR70213-10-CPA4-2-3-2 in modulell in 2009 and IR 83376-B-B-10-3, IR 83372-B-B-115-3, IR 83372-B-B-115-4, WAS191-10-3-FKRl, IR 81047-B-106-4-3 were evaluated better than others in IRLON in 2010. Madhyadhan 845, JR70215-70-CPA-3-4 in 2009 and IR 82639-B-B-3-3, C 3419-10-1-2, BR 4962 in 2010 were identified better in grain yield and other traits in IETRLM where 28 and 36 entries were evaluated in 2009 and 2010 respectively. Including checks 16 and 24 entries were evaluated in CVTRLM in 2009 and 2010 respectively. According to the result, IR80411-B-49-1, BR 4363-3-8-1-2-4 in 2009 and IR8585-98-2-2-l, BR 4363-B-8-1-2 Barkhe 3019-4, Madhyadhan 845 in 2010 at NRRP Hardinath, CH2, Basundhara at ARS Surkhet, CH2, Madhyadhan 845, TCA 80-4 at NWRP Rampur in 2009 were identified preferable while Barkhe 3019 was found promising across all locations. NR 1893-17-2-3 and BR 4962-12-4 performed better across locations in both years CFFT.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Varietal study on rainfed lowland early rice for tropical and subtropical regions of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Sah, S.N., Editor ; Akhtar, T. ; G.C Thakur, Author ; Mahato, R.K., Author
Pagination:	223-229p.
Keywords:	Early rice ; rainfed lowland farmer field
Abstract:	Most of farmers are interested in early rice farming for better grain yield due to change in climate resulting in shortening rainfall period and for harvesting of succeeding winter crops. Research activities like Initial Evaluation Trial on Rainfed Lowland Early (IETRLE), Coordinated Varietal Trials on Rainfed Lowland Early (CVTRLE) and Coordinated Farmers Field Trials on Rainfed Lowland Early (CFFTRLE) were conducted during 2009 and 2010 with an objective to identify suitable and preferable early duration rice genotypes. Trials were conducted in RCB Design in three replications. Among them CVTRLE was carried out at NRRP Hardinath, RARS Parwanipur, RARS-Nepalganj, NMRP Rampur and ARS Surkhet. On the basis of result IR79913-B-20-B-2, IR70213-10-CPA-4-2-3, BR233EMR-4 in IET-2009 PR30521-C-27-7, IR82635-B-B-27-2 and PR28377-AC-97-54 in IETRLE-2010 performed better than other entries. Similarly UPLRI 5, NANJING70272, IR78937-B-B-B-B-2, IR80013-B-141 performed well across locations in 2009 while IR 78937-8-7-B-B-B, IR81026-B-86-1-2, Naveen, IR78339-15-7-3-61R81026-B-86-1-2 produced higher grain yield with good attributing traits in CVTRLE-2010. RP 2439 and BG 358 performed better in both years while UPLRI 5 and Naveen produced higher grain yield and preferred by the farmers in 2010 in CFFTRLE.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Variation on Nepalese buckwheat: agro-morphological characteristics
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	S Pantha, Editor ; S. K. Budhathoki ; R.B Amgai, Author ; Khatiwada, S.P., Author
Pagination:	230-235 p.
Keywords:	Sweet ; Tartary Chlorophyll lodging variation
Abstract:	Buckwheat is the major export food commodity of Nepal. It has food as well as medicinal value too. Buckwheat is found cultivated from Inner Terai to high hill region of Nepal. Therefore, Nepalese buckwheat should have a lot of variability that is adapted with different niches. Fifty one common buckwheat and 36 tartaiy buckwheat accessions from different parts of the country were evaluated for different agro-morphological traits during spring season of 2010 and 2011 at Khumaltar, Lalitpur. The plot size was 1 m2 for each entry. IR-13 for common buckwheat and Kabre local for tartaiy buckwheat was used as standard check. A lot of variation was observed on 24 different characters. Days to 50% flowering, no. of flower/cyme, no. of cyme/plant, seed no./cyme, 1000 grain weight and seed length varies from 31-44, 17-38, 12-107,2.34-51.67, 15-30.52 g and 5.58-7.38 mm in common buckwheat, and 54-70 days, 12-25.67, 13.34-81,2.67-46, 10.34-21.76 g and 3.89- 5.60 mm in tartary buckwheat respectively. Similarly, a lot of variation was found on flower morphology, degree of determination, lodging, seed shape, leaf blade shape, and plant height and branch no. too. The color of flower, leaf, leaf margin, stem, petiole and seed were also found varied within buckwheat type also. Chlorophyll content on the final completely opened leaf was found decreasing slowly till flowering, however, it was found drastically depleted at the time of seed maturity in both type of the buckwheat. This type of the variation observed in common buckwheat and tartary buckwheat will be useful for buckwheat varietal development program in Nepal.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Full season maize varieties research and development for food security and better livelihood of Nepalies hill farmers
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Rijal, T.R., Editor ; Shrestha, J. ; Koirala, K.B., Author ; Katuwal, R.B., Author ; S Thapa, Author ; N.B Dhami, Author ; A Pokhrel, Author ; Dhakal, J.P., Author ; A.P Paudel, Author ; A Poudel, Author
Pagination:	236-261 p.
Keywords:	OPVs across the locations ; hybrids
Abstract:	Maize is the second important cereal crop in Nepal and staple crop for hill people. Mostly local and contaminated improved varieties are grown in rainfed condition with low yield potential. With the objective of identifying and developing suitable stable stress resistant/tolerant high yielding farmers preferred open pollinated .maize varieties, different genotypes were improved and evaluated in Intermediate Yield. Trial (IYT), Coordinated Varietal Trial (CVT) and Coordinated Farmer's Field Trial (CFFT) in RCB design across hill environments (Pakhribas, Kahre, Khumaltar, Dailekh & Lumle) of Nepal during 2010, 2011 and 2012 summer containing 12, 9 and 6 genotypes respectively. During 2010 summer, the genotypes TLBRS07F16, Resunga Composite and Celaya OOHGYAHGYB produced significantly highest grain yield in IYT across the locations. In CVT the superior stable genotypes across the locations were OEHPW, RamS04F08 and RamS04F04. Similarly, in CFFT the selected genotypes across the locations were Across9942 /Across9944 and Deuti. The combined result across the locations during 2011 revealed that in IYT the genotypes Manakamana-3, Resunga composite and Rampur S10F18A were superior for grain yield. Genotypes tested across the locations under CVT revealed that TLBRS07F16, CelayaOOHGYAHGYB and RampurS03F04 were superior to farmer's variety for grain yield and other agronomic traits. Similarly, in CFFT over the locations, TLBRS07Fl6 produced significantly highest grain yield than standard check Manakamana- 3. During 2012, three NMRP developed hybrids were also included in CVT sets across the hill stations. Among the OPVs in CVT, RampurS03F08 and CelayaHGYA *HGYB were significantly superior for grain yield and other agronomic traits and among the hybrids RML-4/RML-17 and RML-32/RML-17 produced more than 8 tlha grain yield across the locations. Similarly genotypes tested under IYT revealed that ZM-401, 07SADVI and TLBRS07FI4 were found significantly superior for grain yield and resistant reaction against foliar diseases. Furthermore, genotypes tested under CFFT showed that Across9942/Across9944, P501SRCOIP502SRCO and Rampur S03F06 produced more than 6 tlha grain yield at farmer's field across the locations.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Early maize varieties improvement and development for the hills of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Rijal, T.R., Editor ; Shrestha, J. ; Koirala, K.B., Author ; Katuwal, R.B., Author ; S Thapa, Author ; N.B Dhami, Author ; A Pokhrel, Author ; Dhakal, J.P., Author ; A Poudel, Author
Pagination:	262-271 p.
Keywords:	Early genotypes ; hills staple productivity
Abstract:	With the objective of identifying suitable high yielding maize early OPVs for hills of Nepal, a series of experiments viz. IYT, CVT and CFFT were conducted using early genotypes of maize at Pakhribas, Lumle and Dailekh during summer season of 20 l 0, 2011 and 2012. The combined analysis of genotypes evaluated across the locations under IYT early set in 2010 summer showed that the genotypes AC0-240 11 AC0-2402, ACROSS- 240 1, Rampur S03 E02 high yielding and good for other agronomic traits. The genotype under CVT, the promising genotypes were POP-45/POOL-17,R.C./ POOL-17 and S97TEYGHA YB(3) across the locations. Similarly, in CFFT the promising genotypes across the locations were Arun-4, Arun-1 EV and Arun-2. During 2011 under CVT promising significantly high yielding genotypes across the locations were POP-44/POOL- 15 and KHUMAL Yellow/POOL-17. Similarly in CFFT, the genotypes Arun-lEV and Arun-2 found superior for grain yield and other agronomic traits across the locations. The result from 2012 revealed that in CVT the promising high yielding genotypes were Khumal yellow/Pool-17E, Rampur composite/Pool-17E, Arun-2 and Pop-445 across the locations. Similarly in IYT significantly superior genotypes for grain yield and other traits were S03TEY/LN, S03TEY-SEQ and RarnpurS03E02. Furthermore in CFFT across the locations the significantly best genotypes for grain yield and other agronomic traits were Farmer's local, Arun-4 and Arun-2.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Response of Cowpea Varieties to different seeding dates and fertilizer nutrient management
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	M.K Sah, Editor ; P Shah ; Sah, M.P., Author
Pagination:	272-276 p.
Keywords:	Cowpea ; seeding dates spring season farm yard manure response
Abstract:	Field experiments were conducted in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) during spring seasons of 2010 and 2011 to study the response of cowpea varieties to different seeding dates and fertility level at Regional Agriculture Research Station, Parwanipur. Twelve treatments consisting of three sowing dates (10111 March, 25th March and lOth April), two varieties (Prakash and Surya) and two fertility level ( 20:40:20 kg NPK/ha and FYM@ 5 tlha) were replicated thrice in a split- split plot design. Two years result indicated that 25 1 h March sown crop yielded more than 1 01 h March and the yield was significantly higher over lOth April sown cowpea. Irrespective of varieties and fertility level, date of seeding significantly influenced plant height, pod length, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod and I 00 seed weight of cowpea. However, Surya variety of cowpea was superior over Prakash with respect to growth and yield attributes. Both varieties were more irresponsive to farm yard manure than inorganic NPK fertilizers.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Enhancing the livelihood of farmers through intercropping in maize
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	K.P Dhital, Editor ; Kunwar, C.B. ; B Bhandari, Author
Pagination:	277-281 p.
Keywords:	Planting ratio ; land equivalent monetary return and plant populaiton
Abstract:	Intercropping is an important management approach to increase crop yield per unit area and time An e>..'Periment was laid out in randomized complete block design (R.CBD) with three replications consisting of 21 treatments during winter season of 2066/67 and six treatments of different row and plant population during winter season of2067/68. The objective of the study nwas to assess more profitable cropping patterns under maize based cropping system. Maize and kidney bean inter cropping was grown with different row and spacing .. The crop ratio of 1 :2 of maize: kidney bean produced the highest yield 2217 and 1161 kg ha" 1 • The grain yield of kidney bean was influenced by plant population. The wider row distance and double plant per hill ratio 1 :3 (row distance I SO em) and intra space SO em gave high yield of 1116 kg ha"1 with highest land equivalent ratio (LER) 1.130.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Effect of date of sowing and varieties on growth, weed infestation and yield on direc sow rice in rice-wheat cropping system in the mid-hills of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	R.K Bhattarai, Editor ; Ranjit, J.D. ; D.D Gautam, Author
Pagination:	282-287 p.
Abstract:	A Field experiments was conducted in 2010 and 2011 in experimental field of Agronomy division, Khumaltar. In the experiments 4 dates of sowing with 15 days interval and 4 varieties were experimented as factor A and factor B in RCBD replicated 3 times in plot size of3x 4 m2.The different dates of sowing as factor A were as; 01 May (1st date); 15th May(2nd date); 30th May(3rd date) and 15tlt June (4th date) and for varieties as factor B were ; Khumal-4 (Var-1) ; Khumal-8 (Var-2) ; Khuma-13 (Var-3) and Khumal-10(Var-4) respectively. And these two factors make 16 treatments. The seeds were sown in line with spacing of20 x 10 em and recommended fertilizer dose ofN: P20 5: K20: 100: 40:30 kglha) were applied. The experimental results revealed that data on fowth shows highest plant height at early stage i.e. 30 DAS & 60 DAS was found in 15 June (4th date) sowing and at maturity I 5th May(2nd date) and for variety Khumal-8 recorded maximum height. The 15th May (2nd date) sowing produces maximum numbers of tillers/m2 with 271.41(mean) and minimum by 30th May (3rd date) sowing with 201.16(mean) and are significantly different among the different dates of sowing. The 15th May (2nd date) sowing exhibited highest grain yield in both the years with 2942.19 kg/ha (2067~ and 6892.29 kglha (2068) and are significantly different from 30th May (3rd date) and 15t June (4th date) sowing and at par with 01 May (1st date). Among the varieties Khumal-8 produces the highest grain yield in both the years with mean yield of 4950.34 kglha and significantly different from Khumal-13(2206.56kglha) and at par with Khumal -10 (4317.38 kglha) and Khumal- 4(4307.74 kglha).
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Assessment of maize stem borer, chilo partelius swinhoe infestation in year round weekly seeded maize varieties at NMRP, Rampur and its command areas
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Thakur, P., Editor ; G.S Bhandari ; BB Achami, Author
Pagination:	288-294 p.
Keywords:	Maize genotypes ; maize stem borer infestation varieties temperature
Abstract:	Maize genotypes i.e. Arun 2 (Short duration), Rampur composite (Long duration) and Gaurav (Hybrid) were seeded in weekly interval throughout the years at NMRP, Rampur during two consecutive years, 201 0/ 11 and 2011112 to assess the effect of environment on growth and development of Maize Stem Borer, Chilo partel/us Swinhoe infestation along with other associated pests. Percent insects' damage was in the similar trend in both the years proportional to prevailing temperature. Range of borer damage varied from 4.53% to 61.03 % in 20 I 0/1 1 and 4.4% to 64.9 % in 2011/12. The percent infestation of the years was found highest in the month of April (58.2 %) followed by May (48.2 %), July (44.9 %) and March (42.7 %) and approximately similar movement of damage were recorded in other parameters (Score, Tunnel length and exit holes) too. Out of three varieties tested, Gaurav was comparatively more sensitive to maize stem borer damage (37.7%) than Arun 2 (34.5%) and Rampur composite (32.1 %). Beside this, twenty two other miner insects and six beneficial insects were also recorded but their damage was nominal. Furthermore, insects survey carried out at NMRP command areas inferred that maize stem borer was major one and more or less uniform in each location however average percent damage as recorded in field was found more at Sukranagar, Chitwan (20.6%) than Manahari, Makawanpur (14.6%) and Madi, Chitwan (11.3%).
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Effect of wheather parameter's on maize productivity and insec population dynamics in Chitwan
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	G.S Bhandari, Editor ; Thakur, P. ; Karki, T.B., Author ; B.B Achhami, Author ; B Bhandari, Author ; S Upadhyaya, Author
Pagination:	295-303 p.
Keywords:	Maize ; Productivity Weather parameter insect population Climate change
Abstract:	With the aim of relating weather parameters with maize yield and insect population, a study was carried-out at National Maize Research Program (NMRP), Rampur taking into account the weather data from 1981 to 2012, maize yields and insect population in Chitwan. An analysis of maximum temperature data revealed that average rise in temperature for the period of 1981 to 2012 was 0.03°C to O.l3°C per annum. During the same period April and the January were found to be the hottest and coldest months respectively. Regarding the maize growing season, mean of the weeks revealed that maize stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe ). damage was comparatively less (22.5%) at 21.1 °C during winter seeded maize ·plants than spring seeded (47.08% at 28.78°C) and rainy season seeded (47.03% at 29.2°C). Outbreak of Tassel beetle, Chiloloba acuta (Wiedemann) observed in the last 3 years might also be due to the effect of temperature. The precipitation pattern was erratic and fluctuating and the maximum total rainfall was recorded in the year 1998 and the lowest in 2005. Monthly distribution of rainfall plummeted up during the month of July and sharply decreased upto October then steady in trend. During the last 5 years, the total amount of rainfall for the pre-monsoon period was recorded higher compared to the previous year's data. Despite the increasing trends of maize yield in Chitwan, area is almost static. Interestingly, during the year 2005 Chitwan received the lowest rainfall and that might have affected the poorest total maize production.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Evaluation of different pesticides for the management of rice stem borers
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	G.S Bhandari, Editor ; B. Chaudhary ; B Sapkota, Author ; D.N Mahato, Author ; S.K Upadhyaya, Author
Pagination:	304-309 p.
Keywords:	Botanical pesticide ; dead heart pesticides stem borer white ear
Abstract:	Rice Stem Borers have been recognized as the national pest of Rice in Nepal. Past studies have estimated about 40% of total loss in Rice is due to Rice Stem Borer. An experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tarahara during rice growing season of 2011 and 2012 with the objective of evaluating differential efficacy of different pesticides combinations against Rice Stem Borers. The experiment had 12 different pesticides combinations laid out in a Complete Block Design with three replications. Responses were recorded on count of dead hearts, count of white heads and grain yield to compare the treatments. The effect of treatments on count of dead hearts was found highly significant. Number of dead hearts was the least on Seedling Root Dipping with chJorpyrifos 20% EC @ 2 milL of Water+ three sprays of imidacloprid 17.8% SL@ 1 ml/2L of water 30, 40 and SO days after transplanting (DAT) followed by Seedling Root Dipping with chlorpyrifos 20% EC@ 2 milL of Water+ three sprays of Lantana camera Extract @ S% solution 30, 40 and SO DA T and Root Dipping with chlorpyrifos 20% EC @ 2 milL of water + Urea 20 gm IL of water for 3 hours + Lantana camera @ S% solution at 30, 40 and 50 OAT. The effect of treatments for count of white ears was also highly significant. The Seedling Root Dipping with chlorpyrifos 20% EC @ 2 mi/L of Water+ three sprays ofimidacloprid 17.8% SL@ 1 mi/2L ofwater 30,40 and 50 DAT recorded the lowest count of white ears followed by Root Dipping with chlorpyrifos 20% EC @ 2 milL of Water + three sprays of Sweet Flag Stolen Extract @ 5% solution 30, 40 and 50 DA T and Root Dipping with chlorpyrifos 20% EC @ 2 milL of Water + Lantana camera extract @ 5% solution Spray 30, 40 and 50 DAT. The variation on grain yield was significant due to the treatments. The highest grain yield was obtained from Root Dipping with chlorpyrifos 20% EC @ 2 mVL of Water and Urea 20 g /L for 3 hours + three sprays of imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 1 ml/2L of water at 30,40 and 50 DAT followed by Root Dipping with chloropyrifos and Urea 20 g /L for 3 hours + three sprays of Sweet Flag @ 5% solution and Root Dipping with chlorpyrifos 20% EC @ 2 ml/L of Water+ three sprays of Lantana camera Extract. All the treatments combinations were significantly superior to the control and the standard check (carbofuran 3G) for all parameters considered. This study concluded that application of botanical pesticides in combination with chemical pesticides is effective for managing rice stem borer.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Population dynamics of insect pests of rice at RARS Tarahara: a light trap survelliance
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	G.S Bhandari, Editor ; B. Chaudhary ; B Sapkota, Author ; D.N Mahato, Author ; S.K Upadhyaya, Author
Pagination:	310-314 p.
Keywords:	Beneficial organism ; Economic threshold level insect pests population dynamics
Abstract:	Economic loss due to insect pests is one of the major problems for rice production. There may be a lot of beneficial insects present in the field. Fanners apply chemical pesticides heavily that may destroy beneficial organisms. There is immense need of studying the seasonal occurrence of harmful and beneficial insects for their proper management. A survey of major insect pests of rice was conducted for three years from 20 lO to 2012 with the objective of assessing seasonal occurrence of major insect pests of rice and beneficial insects to plan future insect management strategy. Abundance records of insects namely White Stem Borer, Yellow Stem Borer, Pink Stem Borer, Leaf Folder, Case Worm, Rice Gundhi Bug and Tiger Beetle were made from January 2010 to December 2012. The study revealed the overall abundance of pink stem borer as highest followed by yellow stem borer and Gundhi bug. The relation between population buildup of rice gundhi bug and tiger beetle found non-significant. The peak population of gundhi bug recorded in the August to November. However, peak population of tiger beetle was from July to August thus, reduction in population of gundhi bug was non-significant during its peak period. The study suggests that the insect management priority be set as per the abundance rank of the studied insect pests. The study recommends that the judicious use of pesticides be followed for insect pest management to have increased population of beneficial natural enemies.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Relativve susceptiblility of maize genotypes to maixe stem borer(Chilo partellus swinhoe)
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Thakur, P., Editor ; G.S Bhandari ; BB Achami, Author
Pagination:	315-317 p.
Abstract:	A field experiment composed of 36 and 44 elite maize genotypes including OPV,QPM, Hybrid an'd check were evaluated at NMRP, Rampur respectively during two consecutive years, 2067/68 and 2068/69 to detect the resistance source of maize to maize stem borer infestation. The study revealed that vegetative stage of crop was more wlnerable than older stages. Visually (0-9 scale), none of the tested varieties showed immune to maize stem borer infestation. Mean percent of insect damage during 2067/68 varied from 3.5 to 35.7% whereas 1.5 to 32.2% damage was recorded in 2068/69. Maize genotypes POP 44XPOOL 15, HB-B, Rampur S03F02, Rampur S03F8, Upahar, SOOTL YQ-AB and COTAXLA0024 during 2068/69 and POP 44XPOOL15, Rampur S03F02, Upahar, COTAXLA0024, Narayani, S03TLYQ-AB-2 and SOOTLYQ-AB during 2067/68 were found least damaged. Tunnel length and exit holes were also observed minimum and relatively similar trend to above depicted parameters. Thus, it is apparent from two years observations that POP44X POOL 15, Rampur S03F02, Upahar and COTAXLA 0024 from OPV and SOOTL YQ-AB from QPM were recorded significantly less infestation and considered as a promising against maize stem borer infes~tion.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Evaluation of pesticides against grey leaf spot disease of maize in the eastern mid-hills of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	N.K Dangal, Editor ; P Joshi ; D.L. Mandal, Author ; Chaudhary, R.N., Author ; Chaudhary, B.N., Author
Pagination:	318-321 p.
Keywords:	Bio-control agent cercospora zeae maydis ; disease severity scory yield
Abstract:	Grey leaf spot (GLS), caused by Cercospora zeae maydis, is a major disease of maize in the eastern hills of Nepal. It is also becoming a threat to maize cultivation in the western hills ofthe country. A field experiment was conducted during 2011 and 2012 in the eastern mid hills of Nepal to identify the effective pesticides for management of the disease. The experiment was conducted in Diktel, Khotang at 1400 mas) under natural incidence of grey leaf spot disease. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Local variety of maize was planted in a plot of 9 m2 • Five pesticides including bio-control agents were evaluated along with a control (water spray) for their efficacy in the management of grey leaf spot of maize. The treatments were Metalaxyi+Mancozeb, Carbendazim, Copper oxychloride, Pseudomonas+ Trichoderma and Pseudomonas, The pesticideswere applied after the appearance of the disease at silking stage. Disease scoring was done at 15 days after spraying. Pesticides and bio-control agents differed significantly in controlling the target disease and producing higher grain yield. Carbendazim and Metalaxyi+Mancozeb were equally effective in lowering disease severity (45 .53 and 46.87%). Use of Copper oxychloride (48.33%) was similar to use of Pseudomonas+Trichoderma (54.17%) in minimizing disease severity. All chemicals and bio-control agents were superior to control in managing grey leaf spot and producing higher grain yield. Application of Carbendazim produced the highest grain yield (3.84 tlha) followed by Metalaxyl+Mancozeb (3.80 tlha) and Copper oxychloride (3.66 t/ha).The control plot recorded the highest disease severity of 61.53% with production of the lowest grain yield of 3.03 t/ha. Thus, incidence and severity of the grey leaf spot disease can be minimized with higher grain production of maize by the use of pesticide Carbendazim in the disease prone areas of eastern hills.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Evaluation of maize varieties against grey leaf (GLS) disease
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	ASR Bajracharya, Editor ; D.L. Mandal, Author ; Chaudhary, R.N., Author
Pagination:	322-325 p.
Keywords:	Cercospora zeae-maydis ; GLS
Abstract:	Maize grey leaf spot (GLS) caused by Cercospora zeae- maydis Tehon & Daniels causes grain yield loss up to I 00 percent. Resistant varieties offer the best option for economic control of the disease in Nepalese hill maize farming context. Considering the fact, released maize varieties for mid and high hills along with some varieties from CIMMYT were evaluated against the diseases at Pakhribas (1750 mas!) during 2009 and 2010 in RCB design with two replications. The varieties included were Zm-627, Zm-525 and Zm07SADVI (from CJMMYT) and Sheetal, Deuti, Ganesh-1, Mankamana-1, Manakamana-3, Manakamana-4, Manakamna-6, Poshilo Makai-1 (released varieties) and Farmers' local as check. Scoring was done three times on 1-5 scale given by Saghai and Maroo (1993). The experiments conducted during 2009 and 2010 rainy season revealed that genotypes Zm-627, Zm-525 and Zm07SADVJ were least affected by the diseases during both the years. Recommended varieties Sheetala, Deuti and Ganesh-1 performed better than local check in both years. Whereas, Mankamana-3, Mankamana-6, Poshilo Makai-1, Mankamana-4 and Mankamana-1 were less affected by the disease as compared to local check during 2010 but were more affected than local during 2009. On the basis of yield, Ganesh-1 performed best during 2009 and Zm-07SADVI was best during 201 0. Manakamana-1 and Manakamana-3 were worst yielder on GLS affected conditions whereas other varieties were better than farmers' local. Per cent ear rot at the time of harvest was minimum in farmers' local (2.38%) followed by Mankamana-3 (5.56%) and Ganesh-1 (5 .88%). Per cent ear rot in other varieties ranged between 11- 26%. Per cent ear rot at the time of harvest fotmd to increase with increase in open cob percentage.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Varietal evaluation of maize against grey leaf spot disease in the Eastern Mid-hills of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	NK Dangal, Editor ; P Joshi, Author ; D.L. Mandal, Author ; Chaudhary, R.N., Author ; Chaudhary, B.N., Author
Pagination:	326-328 p.
Keywords:	Cercospora zeae maydis ; improved varieties severity scoring yield
Abstract:	Grey leaf spot, caused by Cercospora zeae maydis, is a major disease of maize in the eastern hills of Nepal. It has been causing significant maize yield loss in the eastern high and mid hills, and is also spreading towards the western hills of the country. A field experiment was conducted during 2011 and 2012 in the eastern mid hills of Nepal to identify the high yielding GLS resistant maize variety. The experiment was conducted in Diktel, Khotang at 1400 mas! under natural incidence of grey leaf spot disease. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Plot size was 9 m2 • Six improved varieties (viz. Ganesh-1, Manakamana-3, Manakamana-4, Deuti, Sheetala and Posilo makai-1) of maize were evaluated along with the local variety. Scoring of the disease was done after the incidence of the disease at grain filling stage. Maize genotypes differed significantly for grey leaf spot severity and grain yield. All the improved varieties had lower disease severity and produced higher grain yield compared to the local variety (51.13% disease severity and 3.71 tlha yield). Ganesh-1 gave the highest grain yield (4.87 tlha) with lowest disease severity of 37.40%. Similarly, Manakamana-3, Posilo makai-1 and Manakamana-4 yielded 4.44, 4.53 and 4.43 tlha grain yield with disease severity of 38.87, 41.60 and 41.27%, respectively. Thus, incidence and severity of the disease can be minimized and yield can be increased by using improved maize varieties like Ganesh-1 and Manakamana-3 in the grey leaf spot prone areas of the eastern hills.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Management of maize diseases through host resistance
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	NK Dangal, Editor ; Rijal, T.R., Author ; Paudel, D.C., Author
Pagination:	329-346 p.
Abstract:	Diseases are one of the major constraints for successful maize production. Disease pathogens not only reduce yield but also deteriorate the quality of produce that ultimately reduces market value. Maize crop is affected by several diseases, but Gray leaf spot, Northern leaf blight, Southern leafblight, Ear rots, Banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB), Brown spot, Stalk rots are the major diseases that threat maize production every year. Because of climate change and other factors, the minor diseases are becoming major in present context. The main objective of the experiments was to identify the sources of resistance for improvement/development of maize genotypes. For combat the major diseases, maize genotypes were screened/evaluated under stressed conditions during 2010, 2011 and 2012 summer and winter seasons. Deuti, Shitala, Rampur S03F02, S99TLYQ-B, Rampur S03F08, BGBYP, Across 9331, and Takfa 0024 maize genotypes had moderately resistant reaction against turcicum leaf blight (TLB) during 2010 .. For ear rot disease, the resistant genotypes were Terai Pool Yellow, RampurS03F06, RampurS03F06 {3%) and RML-8. Similarly, for banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) disease, resistant reaction was recorded in BLSBRS07F12, BLSBRS07F10, RML-8 and Terai Pool Yellow. During 2011, maize genotypes were also screened against ear rot, turcicum leaf blight {TLB), gray leaf spot (GLS), BLSB and southern leaf blight. The tested genotypes for ear rot ranged from 13.4 to 37.7 % rotting. The moderately resistant reaction for ear rot was found in Across 033, R-Pop-3, Synthetic-B & TLBRS07F16. For BLS.B disease the moderately resistant reaction was found in BGBYPOP,BLBRS07F10, HG-A, TLBRS07F16, BG-B, R-Pop-3, R-Pop-4 & S03TL YQ-AB-02. For GLS, promising and pipeline maize genotypes were screened at Pakhribas under replicated conditions. Genotypes ZM-627, 02SADVIF2, ZM- 40, 07SADVI, Ganesh-1 ARSP, 05SADVI, Manakamana-3 ARSP and ZM-423 were superior for grain yield and disease · resistant point of view. Similarly for SLB, maize genotypes were screened at Ram pur and resistant genotypes were TLBRS07F 16, BLSBRS07F10, Across-9531, BGBYPOP, TLBRS07Fl4 & Rampur S03F08. For TLB disease the screening was carried out under inoculated condition at Rampur. For this disease the resistant reaction was found in PHRAPHUTTRBA TS0031, TLRBS07F 1 6, S019YNZIME, TLBRS07F-14, BGBY-POP, COMPOZNIBP, RAMPURS03F02, RPOP1 & Upahar. During 2012, maize genotypes were also screened and evaluated for ear rot, SLB, GLS and BLSB. For GLS screening was done at hot spot of Pakhribas and Salyan. Out of 42 maize genotypes, the resistant genotypes were Across-9942/ Across-9942, BGBYPOP, Rampur S03F04, Poshilo makai-1, ZM-401, ZM-627, 05SADVI, 07SADVI, Manakamana-3, GLSYW, Obatanpa, SOOTLYQ-B, SOISIYQ, Rampur S03FQ-02 and CelayaOOHGY A *HGYB. For BLSB, maize genotypes were screened at Rampur under inoculated conditions and some resistant/moderately resistant. genotypes were Terai pool yellow, HGA, R Pop-1, R Po-4, Synthetic B, Synthetic C, Across 9331 RE, BGBYPOP, Arun-1EV, Pool-17, 05SADVI, 07SADVI, GLSYW, RML-4/NML-2 and RML-32/RML- 17. Similarly for southern leaf blight the moderately resistant genotypes were TPY, BLSBRS07FIO, TLBRS07F16, RampurS10F20, HGA, RML-8/RC, CelayaOOHGY AI))HGYB, RML-4/NML-2, RML-32/RML-17 and RML-4/RML-17 and for ear rot the promising resistant genotypes were TLBRS07F14, TLBRSF07F16, HGA, HGAB, R Pop-2, R Pop-3, Synthetic-A, S03TL YQ-AB-01 and BGBYPOP.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Effect of planting season on the development of alternaria blight and head rot diseases of sunflower
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	R.C Prasai, Editor ; A Sah, Author ; G Parajuli, Author ; R.D Timila, Author
Pagination:	347-352 p.
Keywords:	Disease ; resistant sunflower variety yield
Abstract:	In order to fmd out the appropriate time of planting to escape sunflower from Alternaria blight (Alternaria helianthl) and head rot (Rhizopus sp.), Modem dwarf, SH-3322 & Hybrid Indam varities of the crop were sown in two consecutive seasons on Feb. 7, 17 & 27 during 2011 and on 8, 17 & 27 during 2012 spring. In winter season of20 II the crop was sown on Oct. 10, 20 & 30 in split plot design. Each variety and dates replicated thrice with a plot size 9 m2 at NORP. Severity of Alternaria blight found higher in spring season compared to winter season while head rot was found in moderate form in winter season. Modem dwarf planted in second week of February produced the highest yield (651, 460 & 556) kglha with highly significant treatment difference in the F.Y. 2010/11, 2011112 & in combination respectively. whereas Hybrid indam yielded 1587 kg!ha followed by Modem dwarf {1336 kg/ha) in second week of October with highly significant difference among the treatments. Therefore, planting f Modem dwarf in second week of February & October and Hybrid indam in second week of October could be recommended for the cultivation under farmers field condition.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Highlights of IRRI-Nepal Collaboration
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Tripathi, B.P., Editor ; Sah, S.N., Author ; Yadaw, R.B., Author ; Mahato, R.K., Author ; Mishra, K.K., Author ; Gauchan, D., Author ; B.B Adhikari, Author
Pagination:	353-386 p.
Keywords:	IRRI ; drought submergence collaboration
Abstract:	International Rice Research Institute (IR.RI) and Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC)/Department of Agriculture (DoA) have a long history (nearly 50 years) of collaboration on rice research and development. Formal collaboration between IRRI and Nepal was initiated from the beginning of2005 by establishing IRRI-Nepal Country Office. IRRI-Nepal Office coordinates and facilitates different research and development activities with the help of different research centers of NARC, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences (IAAS), National Seed Company (NSC) and other non-government organizations (NGOs), who are directly involved in rice research and development. IRRI-Nepal Office has been facilitating by bringing different drought tolerant, submergence tolerant as well as upland and lowland rice varieties from IRRI. Among the drought tolerant rice varieties, three (Sukha Dhan 1, Sukha Dhan 2 and Sukha Dhan 3) have been released in Nepal in 15 May 2012 for drought areas. Similarly, two submergence tolerant rice varieties (Swama Subl and Sambha Mahsuri Subl) have been released in the same date for the shallow submergence areas. Other pipe line varieties such as Sukha-4, Sukha-5 and Sukha-6 arc in the process of release. Other rice and rice-based rice technologies are discussed for sustainable production. IRRI bas been supporting to multiply seeds of drought and submergence rice varieties as well as disseminating them in different parts of Nepal by involving different Stakeholders. IRRI is also supporting for the establishment of Seed-Net in Nepal. The technical capability of NARC and IAAS Scientists have been strengthened through various long-term and short-term trainings, attending various consortium meetings and time to time visits of IRRI and Nepalese scientists. This has helped quality research in · Nepal.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Preparation and quality evaluation of maized based protein concentrate
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	A Mishra, Editor ; R Sitikhu, Author
Pagination:	357-361 p.
Keywords:	Protein concentrate ; green maize soybean soaking composite extract precipitation quality evaluation
Abstract:	This research work was undertaken to explore the best ratio of the maize and soybean to produce a high quality protein concentrate product like tofu and also focused to overcome the limiting essential amino acid in soy tofu by incorporating maize. Green maize cobs, of Manakamana-1 variety in late winter, were collected from Chitwan were dehusked, degrained and stored in refrigeration by packing in polyethylene of 25 micron for further work. Soybean, of Seti variety was collected from local market of Kathmandu, soaked and drained. The composite extract was prepared from the mixture of different proportions of maize (0 to 50%) and soybean (50-100%) by grinding and mixing with water in the ratio 1:4 (w/w) followed by filtration. Protein concentrate were prepared by boiling the extract for 10 minutes, iso-electric precipitation at 75°C (pH=4.9) by using citric acid, filtration followed by pressing for 2 hours in basket press. Six different fresh protein concentrates obtained from different treatments were analyzed for starch, protein, moisture, fat and ash content. From the analysis starch content was increased and statistically difference (p<O.OS) but protein, fat and ash contents were statistically no difference (p>O.OS) with increasing the proportion of green maize. The protein concentrates were deep fried and sensory evaluation was carried out for both raw and deep fried products according to 1-9 point hedonic rating test. The quality attributes such as color, flavor, texture, taste and overall acceptability were statistically no difference (p>O.OS).
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Tracking Adoption of improved rice varieties in different agro-ecological regions of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	S Gautam, Editor ; Gauchan, D., Author
Pagination:	362-368 p.
Keywords:	tracking ; adoption rice varieties
Abstract:	Rice is a principal food crop for national food security and livelihood of people in Nepal. This study aims to analyse pattern of adoption and diffusion of newly developed improved rice varieties. The survey employed combination of expert panels, community surveys and detailed household interview of 600 rice farmers in 15 districts of Nepal. The findings showed that the average rice area per household was 1.19 ha in Terai, 0.53 in hills and hill 0.54 ha in mountain. Modem rice varieties covered 94% in the terai followed by 77% in the hill and only 8.7% in the mountain. In the hill, the top five varieties were Sabitri followed by Masuli, Hybrid Makwanpur-1 and Khuma14 . However, in the Terai, Sona Masuli covered the highest percentage area followed by Masuli , Ranjeet, Kanchhi Masuli and Rmbilash. The hybrid rice area is increasing rapidly in recent years mostly in market accessible areas of terai and lower hills. Out of 15 districts, hybrid rice cultivation was found in 10 districts. The major of source seeds for the improved varieties are mainly farmers own saving in all regions. The share of market purchase seed was low in all regions but relatively higher in terai (21.6%). Older varieties like Masuli released in 1973 are still popular in the hills and terai. Newly released MVs are not adopted widely in many parts of Nepal. Moreover, exotic hybrid varieties are becoming increasing popular informally in the market accessible terai and some parts of commercial pockets of hills. Therefore there is a need for enhancing access of good quality seeds of the newly released varieties to farmers through improving and reforming seed system and effective Seed-Net development in the country.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Testing spatial co-integration in regional rice markets of eastern terai region of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	B Sapkota, Editor ; Gauchan, D., Author ; B. Chaudhary, Author ; S.K Upadhyaya, Author
Pagination:	369-372 p.
Keywords:	Arbitrage ; Eastern terai region rice spatial co-integration trade
Abstract:	The spatial integration of the rice market is of major importance in Nepal, given the difficult terrain, the long distances between market sources of the Terai and the hill districts, and the implications of these factors for food security. An assessment of spatial integration across different rice markets in eastern terai region ofNepal was done with the aim of recommending government with appropriate policy measures to arbitrage agricultural trade and improving public distribution system for contributing to overall food security. Monthly average coarse rice price series o~ three major rice marketing networks namely Jhapa, Biratnagar and Lahan were collected for five years (2005-2010) from secondary sources. The Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test showed that the price series were stationery. The Vector Error Correction model estimated that price series of Biratnagar-Jhapa pair were co-integrated whereas the same of Lahan-Jhapa and LahanBiratnagar pairs were not co-integrated. The results indicated that the nearby rice markets were co-integrated and the markets located relatively far apart were not. The price trailsmission was found inefficient between the markets.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Seed technology trasfer in Nepal: A case study of rice seed transfer mechanism
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	S Sapkota, Editor ; Gauchan, D., Author
Pagination:	373-378 p.
Keywords:	Improved seed ; technology transfer formal informal system
Abstract:	Innovations in the field of agricultural technology are basically transferred through quality seed of suitable variety. Informal and formal are the two types of seed transfer mechanism in Nepal. Both formal and informal seed systems are interlinked and can complement each other for the delivery of desired technologies. Although, currently the formal sector deliver for less than 10 percent of seed transaction in Nepa~ it has an important role in developing new varieties, maintain varieties and source seeds and ultimately increased production and regulating marketing mechanisms. This paper is based on the study from Kavre, Chitwan and Rupendehi districts of Nepal which was conducted to sort out the difference in rice seed access made through technology transfer mechanism and its effect on production. It involved random sampling of 150 households from three districts viz, Kavre, Chitwan and Rupendehi with SO sample from each district.. Study covered the period of 2009 to 2011. Study methods included: PRA tools, field visits including key informants' interviews, and household survey. Statistical mean, percentage, regression analysis, p value used to analyze· the collected data. The findings revealed two types of technology transfer-formal and informal types. Out of total formal seed transfer, the findings revealed the transfer of improved seeds of 27.4% from Cooperatives of Kavre, 32.9% from Seed Company of Chitwan and 49.2% from Seed Company of Rupendehi. Seed rate use was significantly high by using the seed transferred through non formal sector, while the rice yield per hectare was high by using the seed of formal sector. Therefore, strategy should be to promote the use of seed transferred through formal institutions. To meet such strategy promote use of quality seeds by expanding farmer's choice including use of high vigour of local genetic resources based on different ecological zones. Beside this formal institutions involved in seed transferring should be strengthened.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Seed technology trasfer in Nepal: A case study of rice seed transfer mechanism
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	S Sapkota, Editor ; Gauchan, D., Author
Pagination:	373-378 p.
Keywords:	Improved seed ; technology transfer formal informal system
Abstract:	Innovations in the field of agricultural technology are basically transferred through quality seed of suitable variety. Informal and formal are the two types of seed transfer mechanism in Nepal. Both formal and informal seed systems are interlinked and can complement each other for the delivery of desired technologies. Although, currently the formal sector deliver for less than 10 percent of seed transaction in Nepa~ it has an important role in developing new varieties, maintain varieties and source seeds and ultimately increased production and regulating marketing mechanisms. This paper is based on the study from Kavre, Chitwan and Rupendehi districts of Nepal which was conducted to sort out the difference in rice seed access made through technology transfer mechanism and its effect on production. It involved random sampling of 150 households from three districts viz, Kavre, Chitwan and Rupendehi with SO sample from each district.. Study covered the period of 2009 to 2011. Study methods included: PRA tools, field visits including key informants' interviews, and household survey. Statistical mean, percentage, regression analysis, p value used to analyze· the collected data. The findings revealed two types of technology transfer-formal and informal types. Out of total formal seed transfer, the findings revealed the transfer of improved seeds of 27.4% from Cooperatives of Kavre, 32.9% from Seed Company of Chitwan and 49.2% from Seed Company of Rupendehi. Seed rate use was significantly high by using the seed transferred through non formal sector, while the rice yield per hectare was high by using the seed of formal sector. Therefore, strategy should be to promote the use of seed transferred through formal institutions. To meet such strategy promote use of quality seeds by expanding farmer's choice including use of high vigour of local genetic resources based on different ecological zones. Beside this formal institutions involved in seed transferring should be strengthened.

in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Status, challenges and opportunities of conservation agriculture(CA) in maize based systems of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Karki, T.B., Editor ; SK Jha, Author ; SB BK, Author
Pagination:	379-383 p.
Keywords:	Conservation agriculture ; challenges maize based system opportunities status
Abstract:	Labor scarcity, increasing production costs and declining or static productivity are the major challenges of maize based production systems in Nepal. Conservation Agriculture (CA) promotes reverse degradation processes, improves resource quality, reduces production costs and helps achieve sustained high productivity. However, it also requires a change in people's mindset, appropriate machinery and new ways of crop management. Despite its tremendous scope, Nepali farmers have not readily adopted CA practices. Recently, NARC in collaboration with CIMMYT has begun research in maize based CA systems. The aim of this paper is to highlight the significance ofCA in Nepalese agriculture systems .. Generating knowledge through on-station research and wide-scale verification in farmer's fields are the basic pathways ofpromoting CA based practices in Nepal. In light of available information, policy interventions are suggested for implementationto streamline CAin Nepal.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Status, challenges and opportunities of conservation agriculture(CA) in maize based systems of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Karki, T.B., Editor ; SK Jha, Author ; SB BK, Author
Pagination:	379-383 p.
Keywords:	Conservation agriculture ; challenges maize based system opportunities status
Abstract:	Labor scarcity, increasing production costs and declining or static productivity are the major challenges of maize based production systems in Nepal. Conservation Agriculture (CA) promotes reverse degradation processes, improves resource quality, reduces production costs and helps achieve sustained high productivity. However, it also requires a change in people's mindset, appropriate machinery and new ways of crop management. Despite its tremendous scope, Nepali farmers have not readily adopted CA practices. Recently, NARC in collaboration with CIMMYT has begun research in maize based CA systems. The aim of this paper is to highlight the significance ofCA in Nepalese agriculture systems .. Generating knowledge through on-station research and wide-scale verification in farmer's fields are the basic pathways ofpromoting CA based practices in Nepal. In light of available information, policy interventions are suggested for implementationto streamline CAin Nepal.

in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Value chain analysis of mentha and chamomile essential oil in mid-western terai region of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	DB Thapa Magar, Editor
Pagination:	383-396 p.
Keywords:	Essential oil ; mentha and chamomile crops value chain map
Abstract:	Essential oils are high value, low-volume volatile liquid (oil) product which are mostly extracted from plant parts through steam distillation method. Essential oil is one of the most important commodities exported from Nepal. Nepal Trade Integration Strategy (NTIS), 20 I 0 has also identified Medicinal herbs and essential oil as one of the major 19 goods and services having high socio-economic impact and medium export potential. Mentha (Mentha arvensis) and Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) are one of the major essential oil bearing plants which are widely adopted by farmers for production and marketing of essential oil particularly in the terai region of Nepal. This study was conducted in Banke and Bardiya districts ofNepal to explore key actors as well as their status, and practices of production, processing and marketing of Mentha and Chamomile oil. A list of all the distillation units (DUs) that were in operation for processing of Mentha and Chamomile crops in Banke and Bardiya districts during the study period and in previous years were prepared through the consultation of stakeholders and key informants. Primary information were collected through the survey with all the identified distillation unit (DU) operators/farmers and traders in June-July of2012. Similarly six focus group discussions (three in each district) as well as key informants' interviews and a consultative workshop involving participation of farmers, DU operators, traders, and other stakeholders was also organized for collecting and validating the infonnation. The study revealed the involvement of more than 2500 farmers in Mentha fanning in the study area who produced and sold around 40 Metric ton of Mentha oil whereas only 76.6 kg of Chamomile oil was produced by a total of 116 farmers in FY 2011112 in the study area. Majority of the farmers however had limited technical knowledge and market assurance and information for these crops. Mentha farming was widely spread in the study area due to increasing price as well as easily available processing units and market for the oil. In contrast, Chamomile production could not get momentum due to downward movement of price since last two years and also limited availability of processing units and the market. Overall around 72.4 Million Nepalese Rupees were generated through the sale of Mentha (70.8 Million Nepalese Rupees) and Chamomile oil (1.6 Million Nepalese Rupees) in the study area during the FY 2011/12. Mentha and Chamomile were though grown in the private land of the farmers displacing the cereal crops such as maize and wheat, there was no any significant support on these crops from the government's institutions. Mentha and chamomile crops have remarkable contribution in income and employement generation as well as in human-wildlife conflict mitigation in the study area. It is therefore necessary to formulate and implement the concrete policies and programs on these crops in order to promote essential oil value chain as well as support on livelihoods of the farmers in a sustainable way.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Assessment of production and marketing of rice seed through formal seed actors in mid-western terai region of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	DB Thapa Magar, Editor ; R Dhital, Author ; Gautam S.R., Author
Pagination:	397-408 p.
Keywords:	Rice seed ; formal actors replacement rate production and marketing
Abstract:	Rice is the staple crop of Nepal. Use of quality rice seed is essential for achieving good production from the crop. However the seed replacement rate of rice is still below 10 in Nepal revealing that majority of the farmers still have limited access to quality seed. Although a number of formal actors are involved in rice seed production, multiplication and marketing activities, seed supply is still dominated by the informal sector in Nepal. In this context, this study was conducted to study the production and marketing aspects of rice seed particularly through the formal seed actors in the Mid-Western Terai Region ofNepal. For this study, Dang, Banke and Bardiya districts were selected as the study area. Primary data were collected through a survey of various formal seed actors such as public led institutions, private companies and various community led cooperative and farmers groups involved in production and marketing of rice seed in the study area. The study revealed a production of around 780 Metric tons of certified seed of different rice varieties by the formal seed actors, of which 88. percent was sold in the market in Fiscal Year 2011/12 in the study area. Among the various formal seed actors, community led cooperatives and groups were the major actors producing about 70 percent of the total rice seed in the study area. Among the different rice varieties under seed production, Radha 4 was the dominant variety whereas the multiplication of newly released stress tolerant rice varieties such as Sukkha Dhan 1, Sukkha Dhan 2, Sukkha Dhan 3, Sambha Mansuli Sub 1, Swoma Mansuli Sub 1 was almost negligible. Public and private companies sold the entire seed produced by them however the community led groups having limited competencies, resources and market networking could sell only about 90 percent of their total stock as seed. Public and private seed companies had the dealership mechansims for selling their seed whereas community led groups sold sold it with their own efforts and agrovets were the major buyer of the seed produced by all of these actors. Although these actors produced certified seed (Cl), more than 95 percent of the total production was sold as improved seed or truthfully labelled seed (TLS) in the market that indicated a loophole in seed cycle. Hence emphasis should be given on strengthening of formal seed actors as well as establishing the mechanisms for maintaining the seed cycle that will enhance the seed replacement rate as well as access of quality rice seed to the farmers. Furthermore, focus should be given on raising awareness and expanding seed production as well as demonstration programs of the newly released rice varieties for its wider dissemination and adoption
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	An overview of summer legumes research and development of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	DB Gharti, Editor
Pagination:	409-416 p.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Maize research (2010-2012): contributing to food security and improving livelihoods of Nepalese people
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Koirala, K.B., Editor
Pagination:	417-426 p.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Status of oilseed crops research in Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	RR Chaudhary, Editor
Pagination:	427-434 p.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Status of rice research and development in Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Sah, S.N., Editor ; Yadaw, R.B., Author
Pagination:	435-442 p.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. II / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Finger-millet and buckwheat research highlights: supporting to food security and livelihoods in the resource poor communities of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Pokharel, B.B., Editor
Pagination:	443-446 p.
Link for e-copy:	http://elibrary.narc.gov.np/?r=978

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