Title :	Neonatal Kid Mortality In Local Hill Goats: Problem And Prospects Of Its Alleviation In The Eastern Hills
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Aryal, M.P., Author
Pagination:	150-156 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Abstract:	.Mortality among neonates is one of the important factors limiting intensive goat husbandry in this region. In spite of the ability of local hill goats to adapt with their native environment they, especially the young, succumb to death due to many factors. Therefore, a study was initiated to obtain adequate information about the extent, etiology and nature of neonatal mortality based upon which, suitable preventive and curative strategies could be formulated to cope with the situation. Overall mortality rate of neonatal kids was recorded 12.14%, which was found highest (19.32%) in Afzmga/Phalante and lowest (5.95%) in Clwngmang sites. Similarly, more than 70% birth and death cases were recorded during January to Afarch and July to December respectit·ely. Combination of grazing and stall feeding system of management was found better in terms of birth rate of kids whereas grazing system was be Iter than others in terms of neonatal mortality rate. Parity number of doe, birth weight of kid and age of kid H'as found negatively related with kid mortality rate. On the other hand, f)jJe of birth was fozmd positively related with mortality rate of neonatal kids. Irrespective of management system, altitude and environmental condition, diseases were the most common cause of neonatal kid mortality. However, the extent of death due to accident and predation was found higher in grazing system of management. Symptomatic recording showed that majority of dead kids were suffering from respiratory and digestive disturbances though, mixed type of infection was also a common finding, ll'hich was also supported by the postmortem recording. Streptococcus pneumonia, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pasturella haemolytica, Streptococcus pyogens, Corynebacterium pyogens, Staphylococcus aureus, Mycoplasma capricolum, 'Nfycoplasma arginini, Afycoplasma mycoides and Escherichia coli ll'ere the major bacterial isolates obtained from pneumonic lungs. Similarly, Enterobactor cloacae, Staphylococcus epidermidis. Klebsiella oxytoca, Pasturel!a multocida, Proteus species, Chromobacterium vio/acum, Clostridium perfringens and Salmone!!a species were also isolated from the dead kids. Considerable number of isolates of Escherichia coli and Sakone!la species suggest towards improper sanitary measures adopted in goat husband1y. Resistance against some of the common antibiotics was shown by the bacterial pathogens however; Ciprojloxacin and Norfloxacin were the most effective antibiotics against majority of isolates. Eimeria species, Haemonchus contortus, Strongylus columbiformis, Strongylus axei, Strongylus vitrinus, Oesophagostomum venulosum, Strongyloides Papillosus and Trichuris ovis were the major parasite responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis leading to kid death. Among them, Eimeria species, Haemonchus con/or/us, Strongylus and Strongyloides were found in their decreasing order of severity. Therefore it can be said that Coccidiosis, Pneumonia, Parasitic enteritis, Bacterial enteritis and Pneumo-enteritis complex were the diseases responsible for considerable loss of kids in neonatal stage. Similarly, bacterial infections leading to respirat01y problems were more common in winter and pre-monsoon seasons whereas parasitic infections including coccidiosis \l'ere found frequently during momoon and post-monsoon season of the year. On the other hand, bacterial enteritis was more common during winter and monsoon seasons. These findings !l'ere discussed and strategies to combat the neonatal kid mortality suggested.

Neonatal Kid Mortality In Local Hill Goats: Problem And Prospects Of Its Alleviation In The Eastern Hills [printed text] / Aryal, M.P., Author . - [s.d.] . - 150-156 p.
Languages : English (eng)

Abstract:

.Mortality among neonates is one of the important factors limiting intensive goat husbandry in this region. In spite of the ability of local hill goats to adapt with their native environment they, especially the young, succumb to death due to many factors. Therefore, a study was initiated to obtain adequate information about the extent, etiology and nature of neonatal mortality based upon which, suitable preventive and curative strategies could be formulated to cope with the situation. Overall mortality rate of neonatal kids was recorded 12.14%, which was found highest (19.32%) in Afzmga/Phalante and lowest (5.95%) in Clwngmang sites. Similarly, more than 70% birth and death cases were recorded during January to Afarch and July to December respectit·ely. Combination of grazing and stall feeding system of management was found better in terms of birth rate of kids whereas grazing system was be Iter than others in terms of neonatal mortality rate. Parity number of doe, birth weight of kid and age of kid H'as found negatively related with kid mortality rate. On the other hand, f)jJe of birth was fozmd positively related with mortality rate of neonatal kids. Irrespective of management system, altitude and environmental condition, diseases were the most common cause of neonatal kid mortality. However, the extent of death due to accident and predation was found higher in grazing system of management. Symptomatic recording showed that majority of dead kids were suffering from respiratory and digestive disturbances though, mixed type of infection was also a common finding, ll'hich was also supported by the postmortem recording. Streptococcus pneumonia, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pasturella haemolytica, Streptococcus pyogens, Corynebacterium pyogens, Staphylococcus aureus, Mycoplasma capricolum, 'Nfycoplasma arginini, Afycoplasma mycoides and Escherichia coli ll'ere the major bacterial isolates obtained from pneumonic lungs. Similarly, Enterobactor cloacae, Staphylococcus epidermidis. Klebsiella oxytoca, Pasturel!a multocida, Proteus species, Chromobacterium vio/acum, Clostridium perfringens and Salmone!!a species were also isolated from the dead kids. Considerable number of isolates of Escherichia coli and Sakone!la species suggest towards improper sanitary measures adopted in goat husband1y. Resistance against some of the common antibiotics was shown by the bacterial pathogens however; Ciprojloxacin and Norfloxacin were the most effective antibiotics against majority of isolates. Eimeria species, Haemonchus contortus, Strongylus columbiformis, Strongylus axei, Strongylus vitrinus, Oesophagostomum venulosum, Strongyloides Papillosus and Trichuris ovis were the major parasite responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis leading to kid death. Among them, Eimeria species, Haemonchus con/or/us, Strongylus and Strongyloides were found in their decreasing order of severity. Therefore it can be said that Coccidiosis, Pneumonia, Parasitic enteritis, Bacterial enteritis and Pneumo-enteritis complex were the diseases responsible for considerable loss of kids in neonatal stage. Similarly, bacterial infections leading to respirat01y problems were more common in winter and pre-monsoon seasons whereas parasitic infections including coccidiosis \l'ere found frequently during momoon and post-monsoon season of the year. On the other hand, bacterial enteritis was more common during winter and monsoon seasons. These findings !l'ere discussed and strategies to combat the neonatal kid mortality suggested.