Rice is the major crop of Nepal contributing 58 percent of the total food grain production and sharing 20 percent to agriculture gross domestic product. There are various types of rice growing environments in the country. It is grown in all three major agro-ecological regions terai/inner terai (70.1%), mid hills (25.6%) and high hills or mountain (4.3%). The national seed board and variety releasing committee has recommended 56 rice varieties (including 12 recently denotified varieties) for various production systems……………

Rice is the major crop of Nepal contributing 58 percent of the total food grain production and sharing 20 percent to agriculture gross domestic product. There are various types of rice growing environments in the country. It is grown in all three major agro-ecological regions terai/inner terai (70.1%), mid hills (25.6%) and high hills or mountain (4.3%). The national seed board and variety releasing committee has recommended 56 rice varieties (including 12 recently denotified varieties) for various production systems……………

Adoption of improved rice-based technologies was assessed in the marginal uplands of Bhabsi and Patu villages situated in Siwalik range of Mahottari after two years of technology intervention by the collaborative project of IRRI with NARC for household food security and environmental sustainability. Among the new varieties, Radha-32 was adopted by 75 percent of farm households mainly because of high yielding, drought tolerance, disease resistance, fair eating quality and medium milling recovery. Hardinath-1 became also popular variety adopted by 60 percent of farm households due to high yielding and short duration maturity and fit in low land conditions for normal as well as early rice. Adoption of low cost technologies like seedling broadcasting and integrated weed control measure was increasing. The new rice varieties replaced the local varieties which were low yielder and susceptible to blast disease. Farmers had adopted cropping patterns like rice-chickpea and rice-lentil and inter cropping of rice with peanut, cowpea or maize as new technologies. The average rice yield was increased by 319 kg/ha in upland condition and 221 kg/ha in lowland condition after two years of technology intervention by the project.

Adoption of improved rice-based technologies was assessed in the marginal uplands of Bhabsi and Patu villages situated in Siwalik range of Mahottari after two years of technology intervention by the collaborative project of IRRI with NARC for household food security and environmental sustainability. Among the new varieties, Radha-32 was adopted by 75 percent of farm households mainly because of high yielding, drought tolerance, disease resistance, fair eating quality and medium milling recovery. Hardinath-1 became also popular variety adopted by 60 percent of farm households due to high yielding and short duration maturity and fit in low land conditions for normal as well as early rice. Adoption of low cost technologies like seedling broadcasting and integrated weed control measure was increasing. The new rice varieties replaced the local varieties which were low yielder and susceptible to blast disease. Farmers had adopted cropping patterns like rice-chickpea and rice-lentil and inter cropping of rice with peanut, cowpea or maize as new technologies. The average rice yield was increased by 319 kg/ha in upland condition and 221 kg/ha in lowland condition after two years of technology intervention by the project.

Two separate experiments were conducted at Agronomy farm, Khumaltar to assess the performance of rice varieties in direct dry seeded condition during 2006/07 and 2007/08. Ten rice varieties namely Khumal-4, NR10488-6-3-1, NR10490-94-3-1-3, NR10491-57-2-1, NR10492-7-2-2, NR10514-14-3-2-2, NR10515-69-1, NR10353, Khumal-11 and Chinung 242 having different plant stature and grain type were included in this study. Land preparation was accomplished by Chinese hand tractor (2 passes) after wheat harvest…………………

Two separate experiments were conducted at Agronomy farm, Khumaltar to assess the performance of rice varieties in direct dry seeded condition during 2006/07 and 2007/08. Ten rice varieties namely Khumal-4, NR10488-6-3-1, NR10490-94-3-1-3, NR10491-57-2-1, NR10492-7-2-2, NR10514-14-3-2-2, NR10515-69-1, NR10353, Khumal-11 and Chinung 242 having different plant stature and grain type were included in this study. Land preparation was accomplished by Chinese hand tractor (2 passes) after wheat harvest…………………

Paddy varieties were dried by three drying treatments sun, shade and oven, and milled by four mills Satake sheller with Yamamoto polisher, Otake sheller with Yamamoto polisher, commercial sheller and traditional huller. Khumal-11 had significantly higher values (P > 0.05) of milling recovery (73.33%) than other varieties. Out of three drying treatments, there was no significant differences in milling recovery but highest value was found in sun drying (69.13%) and lowest in oven drying (68.35%)…………..

Paddy varieties were dried by three drying treatments sun, shade and oven, and milled by four mills Satake sheller with Yamamoto polisher, Otake sheller with Yamamoto polisher, commercial sheller and traditional huller. Khumal-11 had significantly higher values (P > 0.05) of milling recovery (73.33%) than other varieties. Out of three drying treatments, there was no significant differences in milling recovery but highest value was found in sun drying (69.13%) and lowest in oven drying (68.35%)…………..

There has been a huge demand of maize for both feeds and seeds. Seed supply by the formal sectors is less than 10 percent of the total requirement. The rest demands are fulfilled by an age-old system called farmers to farmers seed flow system. Similarly, more than 40 percent of maize demand for feeds is dependent on maize, which is mainly import from India. Production of maize in Nepal could not be increased significantly only cultivating open pollinated varieties owing to their limited yield potentials. Production can only be increased growing with hybrids along with OPVs. Hybrid maize and hybrid maize technology is therefore, a new hope for the Nepalese maize farmers to improve their livelihoods through increased maize production……………..

There has been a huge demand of maize for both feeds and seeds. Seed supply by the formal sectors is less than 10 percent of the total requirement. The rest demands are fulfilled by an age-old system called farmers to farmers seed flow system. Similarly, more than 40 percent of maize demand for feeds is dependent on maize, which is mainly import from India. Production of maize in Nepal could not be increased significantly only cultivating open pollinated varieties owing to their limited yield potentials. Production can only be increased growing with hybrids along with OPVs. Hybrid maize and hybrid maize technology is therefore, a new hope for the Nepalese maize farmers to improve their livelihoods through increased maize production……………..

Maize is an important cereal crop of Nepal and is rich source of protein for resource poor farmers in the hills. It is also equally important for poultry and animals using as a major constituent in the feed. The International Maize and Wheat Research Center (CIMMYT) developed Quality Protein Maize (QPM) that holds almost two folds of lysine and triptophan essential amino acid for protein synthesis. QPM is extensively adapted in other countries where as in Nepal it is newly introduced maize……………….

Maize is an important cereal crop of Nepal and is rich source of protein for resource poor farmers in the hills. It is also equally important for poultry and animals using as a major constituent in the feed. The International Maize and Wheat Research Center (CIMMYT) developed Quality Protein Maize (QPM) that holds almost two folds of lysine and triptophan essential amino acid for protein synthesis. QPM is extensively adapted in other countries where as in Nepal it is newly introduced maize……………….

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the second most important staple food crop after rice and a major food crop of the resource poor people in the hills of Nepal. Prevailing normal maize (non-QPM) is deficient in two essential amino acids: lysine and tryptophan. The majority of hill farm families are suffering from protein malnutrition as their major diet is maize and cannot afford animal protein. QPM (Quality Protein Maize) contains opaque-2, a single gene mutation that alters the protein composition of the endosperm portion and nearly double the essential amino acids concentrations than the normal maize grain……………….

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the second most important staple food crop after rice and a major food crop of the resource poor people in the hills of Nepal. Prevailing normal maize (non-QPM) is deficient in two essential amino acids: lysine and tryptophan. The majority of hill farm families are suffering from protein malnutrition as their major diet is maize and cannot afford animal protein. QPM (Quality Protein Maize) contains opaque-2, a single gene mutation that alters the protein composition of the endosperm portion and nearly double the essential amino acids concentrations than the normal maize grain……………….

Study was undertaken on Nepalese fingermillet genotypes with the participation of the local community at Pipaltar, Nuwakot district during 2003 and 2004. This paper shades light on the major achievements on variety evaluation, production management, and value added product development and market promotion of finger millet. From household surveys carried out among 46 samples (40%), 80 HH have revealed  that Mudke, Chaure and  Seto  Kodo  are preferred fingermillet cultivars…………………..  

Study was undertaken on Nepalese fingermillet genotypes with the participation of the local community at Pipaltar, Nuwakot district during 2003 and 2004. This paper shades light on the major achievements on variety evaluation, production management, and value added product development and market promotion of finger millet. From household surveys carried out among 46 samples (40%), 80 HH have revealed  that Mudke, Chaure and  Seto  Kodo  are preferred fingermillet cultivars…………………..  

Jute (Corchorus spp.) is a traditional commercial crop of eastern terai of Nepal. Nepal introduced JRC 321, JRC 212, JRO 632, JRO 524 and JRO 7835 jute genotypes in 1970s. In 1993, Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC) obtained facilities of jute and established Jute Research Program (JRP) at Itahari, Nepal for jute research and development. In 1999, JRP released Itahari 1 and Itahari 2 jute varieties for general cultivation………………

Jute (Corchorus spp.) is a traditional commercial crop of eastern terai of Nepal. Nepal introduced JRC 321, JRC 212, JRO 632, JRO 524 and JRO 7835 jute genotypes in 1970s. In 1993, Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC) obtained facilities of jute and established Jute Research Program (JRP) at Itahari, Nepal for jute research and development. In 1999, JRP released Itahari 1 and Itahari 2 jute varieties for general cultivation………………

Legumes are one of the important sources of cheap nitrogen fertilizer for soil as well as protein in human and animal diets and they are prominent crops under subsistence agricultural economy of Nepal. These crops are even much important in mid hills where large chunk of lands are sloppy by nature and needs proper conservation practices particularly with the use of legume crops. The study has been carried out to monitor status of legume intercropping in maize based cropping pattern and its role in sustainable farming in mid hills of Nepal. Nitrogen contribution by legume intercropping in the soil fertility maintenance has been found modest than under mono cropped maize fields. Although productivity of sole cropped maize is higher than that of legume intercropped, farmers have perceived that weed problem is lesser in legume intercropped area…………………   

Legumes are one of the important sources of cheap nitrogen fertilizer for soil as well as protein in human and animal diets and they are prominent crops under subsistence agricultural economy of Nepal. These crops are even much important in mid hills where large chunk of lands are sloppy by nature and needs proper conservation practices particularly with the use of legume crops. The study has been carried out to monitor status of legume intercropping in maize based cropping pattern and its role in sustainable farming in mid hills of Nepal. Nitrogen contribution by legume intercropping in the soil fertility maintenance has been found modest than under mono cropped maize fields. Although productivity of sole cropped maize is higher than that of legume intercropped, farmers have perceived that weed problem is lesser in legume intercropped area…………………   

Conservation Agriculture (CA), defined as minimal soil disturbance (no-till) and permanent soil cover (mulch) combined with rotations, is more sustainable cultivation system for the future than those practiced these-days. Present tillage system is responsible for the degradation of natural resources and soils. CA can improve agriculture through improvement in water infiltration and reducing erosion, improving soil surface aggregates, reducing compaction through promotion of biological tillage, increasing surface soil organic matter and carbon content, moderating soil temperature, and suppressing weeds. CA also helps reduce cost of production, saves time, increase diversity, and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. Availability of suitable equipment is a major constraint to successful CA. National promotional program for this technology is needed in present Nepalese context.

Conservation Agriculture (CA), defined as minimal soil disturbance (no-till) and permanent soil cover (mulch) combined with rotations, is more sustainable cultivation system for the future than those practiced these-days. Present tillage system is responsible for the degradation of natural resources and soils. CA can improve agriculture through improvement in water infiltration and reducing erosion, improving soil surface aggregates, reducing compaction through promotion of biological tillage, increasing surface soil organic matter and carbon content, moderating soil temperature, and suppressing weeds. CA also helps reduce cost of production, saves time, increase diversity, and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. Availability of suitable equipment is a major constraint to successful CA. National promotional program for this technology is needed in present Nepalese context.

Requirement of nitrogen by maize crop depends on the plant population. The quantity of fertilizer- N applied to the maize crop determines the yield increase or decrease and hence, profitability of the crop. To evaluate the effects of nitrogen levels (60, 90 and 120 kg N/ha) on the maize planted at varying densities (55,555; 66,666 and 83,383 plants/ha), an experiment was carried out for two consecutive years (2006 and 2007) in the farmland of National Maize Research Program, Rampur in a RCB design with three replications. A constant dose of manures and fertilizers at 10 tons of compost and 40: 30 kg/ha of P2O5 and K2O was applied basally in all the experimental plots………………..   

Requirement of nitrogen by maize crop depends on the plant population. The quantity of fertilizer- N applied to the maize crop determines the yield increase or decrease and hence, profitability of the crop. To evaluate the effects of nitrogen levels (60, 90 and 120 kg N/ha) on the maize planted at varying densities (55,555; 66,666 and 83,383 plants/ha), an experiment was carried out for two consecutive years (2006 and 2007) in the farmland of National Maize Research Program, Rampur in a RCB design with three replications. A constant dose of manures and fertilizers at 10 tons of compost and 40: 30 kg/ha of P2O5 and K2O was applied basally in all the experimental plots………………..   

Pratylenchus penetrans and P.crenatus often occur together in the field. The damage potential of P. penetrans to several field crops is well known whereas the damage caused by P. crenatus on the field crops is said to be minor or nonexistent. An experiments was carried out in two different soil pH 5.5 and 6.5 to investigate the influence in the population of P. crenatus (Pc) and P. penetrans (Pp) when inoculated juveniles artificially in the following Pc:Pp ratios: 0:0, 100:00, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100 on maize in growth chamber at 20º C. The experiment was laid down in a RCBD with five treatments having eight replications……………….   

Pratylenchus penetrans and P.crenatus often occur together in the field. The damage potential of P. penetrans to several field crops is well known whereas the damage caused by P. crenatus on the field crops is said to be minor or nonexistent. An experiments was carried out in two different soil pH 5.5 and 6.5 to investigate the influence in the population of P. crenatus (Pc) and P. penetrans (Pp) when inoculated juveniles artificially in the following Pc:Pp ratios: 0:0, 100:00, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100 on maize in growth chamber at 20º C. The experiment was laid down in a RCBD with five treatments having eight replications……………….   

This paper presents about the ethical boundaries of agriculturists in general and agronomists in particular while executing different professional capacities. The paper also describes the ethical issues for agronomists that they should consider in the capacity of a researcher or extension personnel. At one time, the role of agriculture was to produce food, but now many people expect agriculture to be carried out in an environmentally friendly way that maintains the rural economy. We now speak of multifunctional agriculture. One tool sometimes used to press those demands is an appeal to ethics. This appeal can appear to suggest that agriculturalists have been ethically negligent. Given the obvious and urgent natural value of food, fiber, and forest products, if an academic ethicist so much as clears his or her throat while reviewing the basic business of farming and its allied technology and science, the inferred hint of ethical deficiency in the agricultural enterprise causes immediate hue and cry…………….

This paper presents about the ethical boundaries of agriculturists in general and agronomists in particular while executing different professional capacities. The paper also describes the ethical issues for agronomists that they should consider in the capacity of a researcher or extension personnel. At one time, the role of agriculture was to produce food, but now many people expect agriculture to be carried out in an environmentally friendly way that maintains the rural economy. We now speak of multifunctional agriculture. One tool sometimes used to press those demands is an appeal to ethics. This appeal can appear to suggest that agriculturalists have been ethically negligent. Given the obvious and urgent natural value of food, fiber, and forest products, if an academic ethicist so much as clears his or her throat while reviewing the basic business of farming and its allied technology and science, the inferred hint of ethical deficiency in the agricultural enterprise causes immediate hue and cry…………….

Potato is a wholesome and nutritious food. It is a staple food in high hills and as side dishes in other part of the country, with per capita consumption of 61.6 kg in 2007 (VDD 2007), one of the highest national rate in south Asia. In Nepal, potato production has increased more than six times since 1970s. Potatoes are grown in a wide range of altitudes, from the lowland terai, to 4000 msl above sea level. Potato is more productive than the major cereals. Small farmers grow the crop predominantly. This crop plays an important role in the country’s food security and poverty alleviation because of its short vegetative cycle and high cash and food value as compared to any other major cereals. It serves as the food security crop alleviating seasonal shortage and fills food gaps.………………….

Potato is a wholesome and nutritious food. It is a staple food in high hills and as side dishes in other part of the country, with per capita consumption of 61.6 kg in 2007 (VDD 2007), one of the highest national rate in south Asia. In Nepal, potato production has increased more than six times since 1970s. Potatoes are grown in a wide range of altitudes, from the lowland terai, to 4000 msl above sea level. Potato is more productive than the major cereals. Small farmers grow the crop predominantly. This crop plays an important role in the country’s food security and poverty alleviation because of its short vegetative cycle and high cash and food value as compared to any other major cereals. It serves as the food security crop alleviating seasonal shortage and fills food gaps.………………….

Field experiments were carried out at Hattiban Research Farm, Khumaltar and Agriculture Research Station Rajikot, Jumla during 2003/04 and 2004/2005 to evaluate the morphological characters, late blight reaction, and yield and tuber characters of potato clones. Pooled analysis over the years and location revealed that clones 392637.10, 393339.242, 392657.8, 393280.64,393077.159, 393385.39, 393280.57, 391396.96 and 393077.54 were found resistant (2 score in 1 to 9 scale) to late blight disease…………..

Field experiments were carried out at Hattiban Research Farm, Khumaltar and Agriculture Research Station Rajikot, Jumla during 2003/04 and 2004/2005 to evaluate the morphological characters, late blight reaction, and yield and tuber characters of potato clones. Pooled analysis over the years and location revealed that clones 392637.10, 393339.242, 392657.8, 393280.64,393077.159, 393385.39, 393280.57, 391396.96 and 393077.54 were found resistant (2 score in 1 to 9 scale) to late blight disease…………..

In Nepal, major factors for low productivity of potato crop are poor quality seed, high seed cost and unavailability of quality seed due to which, resource poor farmers are using degenerated seed tubers. Therefore, a field study was carried out at Khumaltar, Lalitpur (1360 masl), during 2003- 2006 to evaluate and compare the different generation (F1C1-F1C4) tubers of seven hybrid true potato seed (TPS) families with basic seed tubers of Desiree and Khumal Seto-1 of 20-40 g sizes……………………

In Nepal, major factors for low productivity of potato crop are poor quality seed, high seed cost and unavailability of quality seed due to which, resource poor farmers are using degenerated seed tubers. Therefore, a field study was carried out at Khumaltar, Lalitpur (1360 masl), during 2003- 2006 to evaluate and compare the different generation (F1C1-F1C4) tubers of seven hybrid true potato seed (TPS) families with basic seed tubers of Desiree and Khumal Seto-1 of 20-40 g sizes……………………

Generic Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) of potato was done to develop database as demanded by Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) agreement. There are 135 pathogens (pests) reported on potato (Solanum tuberosum) globally. Out of 135 global diseases fungi, bacteria and viruses were 73, 22 and 40 respectively. Altogether 45 pathogens (diseases) have been recorded in Nepal list including potato and other than potato crops present in Nepal. Out of 45 pathogens, fungi were 24, bacteria were 7 and viruses were 14………………..

Generic Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) of potato was done to develop database as demanded by Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) agreement. There are 135 pathogens (pests) reported on potato (Solanum tuberosum) globally. Out of 135 global diseases fungi, bacteria and viruses were 73, 22 and 40 respectively. Altogether 45 pathogens (diseases) have been recorded in Nepal list including potato and other than potato crops present in Nepal. Out of 45 pathogens, fungi were 24, bacteria were 7 and viruses were 14………………..

Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont) de Bary is economically important disease of potato causing substantial yield loss each year in Nepal. In 2006 and 2007 potato clones were screened at Parawanipur (terai 115m a s l), Sharadnagar (inner terai 270 masl) and Khumaltar (mid hill 1360 m a s l) under natural epiphytotic conditions where late blight severity on susceptible variety reaches at the highest level……………..

Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont) de Bary is economically important disease of potato causing substantial yield loss each year in Nepal. In 2006 and 2007 potato clones were screened at Parawanipur (terai 115m a s l), Sharadnagar (inner terai 270 masl) and Khumaltar (mid hill 1360 m a s l) under natural epiphytotic conditions where late blight severity on susceptible variety reaches at the highest level……………..

An experiment was conducted at RARS, Khajura during 2058-2063 to evaluate the physico- morphological characters and yields of different cultivars. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with three replications. Spacing was maintained in 2 x 1.5 meters, in which uniform size of suckers (40-45 cm height) was planted and physico-morphological characters were evaluated. Highest pseudo-stem length was recorded for Khajura Malbhog. Maximum girth was recorded for Robasta and minimum for Harichal………..

An experiment was conducted at RARS, Khajura during 2058-2063 to evaluate the physico- morphological characters and yields of different cultivars. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with three replications. Spacing was maintained in 2 x 1.5 meters, in which uniform size of suckers (40-45 cm height) was planted and physico-morphological characters were evaluated. Highest pseudo-stem length was recorded for Khajura Malbhog. Maximum girth was recorded for Robasta and minimum for Harichal………..

A participatory rural appraisal (PRA) was conducted by Agricultural Research Station (Horticulture), Dailekh during 2006/2007 at major citrus pockets viz Dullu, Mallika, Gamaudi, Kal Bhairav, Lakuri, Goganpani and Kandechaur to collect information regarding the incidence of citrus decline along with general  cultivation practices followed by the citrus growers……………….

A participatory rural appraisal (PRA) was conducted by Agricultural Research Station (Horticulture), Dailekh during 2006/2007 at major citrus pockets viz Dullu, Mallika, Gamaudi, Kal Bhairav, Lakuri, Goganpani and Kandechaur to collect information regarding the incidence of citrus decline along with general  cultivation practices followed by the citrus growers……………….

Experiments were conducted at Kagate (1400 masl) of Dhankuta district on evaluation of different lures and management of citrus fruit flies at sweet orange orchard, and losses of sweet orange caused by citrus fruit flies during 2062 and 2063 fruiting season. Different compositions of protein lure (Treatment I: 22.2 g yeast extract + 27.8 g borax + 1000 ml distilled water, treatment II: 33.3 g yeast extract + 27.8 g borax + 0.5 g peptone + 1000 ml distilled water and Treatment III: 44.4 g yeast extract + 27.8 g borax + 1 g peptone + 1000 ml distilled water) and methyl eugenol with malathion…………………

Experiments were conducted at Kagate (1400 masl) of Dhankuta district on evaluation of different lures and management of citrus fruit flies at sweet orange orchard, and losses of sweet orange caused by citrus fruit flies during 2062 and 2063 fruiting season. Different compositions of protein lure (Treatment I: 22.2 g yeast extract + 27.8 g borax + 1000 ml distilled water, treatment II: 33.3 g yeast extract + 27.8 g borax + 0.5 g peptone + 1000 ml distilled water and Treatment III: 44.4 g yeast extract + 27.8 g borax + 1 g peptone + 1000 ml distilled water) and methyl eugenol with malathion…………………

Participatory varietal evaluation trial on cabbage for rainy season production was conducted at Deurali, Palpa (1130 masl) in two consecutive years 2006 and 2007 to identify cabbage varieties suitable for rainy season production. Six F1 hybrid varieties of cabbage, namely Green Coronet, T-621, Green Stone, Ruby King and Green Crown were evaluated against Copenhagen Market (OP) as the check. These varieties were seeded in the nursery in third week of April and transplanted one month old seedlings in the experimental plots. The results of the experiment showed that Green Stone was the earliest in maturity with an average of 62 days from transplanting and the highest plant survivability was observed in Green Coronet (98.89%)……………….

Participatory varietal evaluation trial on cabbage for rainy season production was conducted at Deurali, Palpa (1130 masl) in two consecutive years 2006 and 2007 to identify cabbage varieties suitable for rainy season production. Six F1 hybrid varieties of cabbage, namely Green Coronet, T-621, Green Stone, Ruby King and Green Crown were evaluated against Copenhagen Market (OP) as the check. These varieties were seeded in the nursery in third week of April and transplanted one month old seedlings in the experimental plots. The results of the experiment showed that Green Stone was the earliest in maturity with an average of 62 days from transplanting and the highest plant survivability was observed in Green Coronet (98.89%)……………….

The experiment was conducted at Agriculture Research Station, Dailekh during 2002 to 2004. The objective of the study was to find out the most effective organic source as an alternative source of nutrient supply to cauliflower. Two levels of organic sources: Asuro (Justicia adhakota L.), Titepati (Artemisia indica) and Baanmara (Eupatoriumadenophorum) and recommended dose of chemical fertilizer and FYM were evaluated………….

The experiment was conducted at Agriculture Research Station, Dailekh during 2002 to 2004. The objective of the study was to find out the most effective organic source as an alternative source of nutrient supply to cauliflower. Two levels of organic sources: Asuro (Justicia adhakota L.), Titepati (Artemisia indica) and Baanmara (Eupatoriumadenophorum) and recommended dose of chemical fertilizer and FYM were evaluated………….

Seed yield and quality of crop varieties depends on various soil factors including available nutrients. Limited research works have been accomplished in Nepal on response of okra variety to specific nutrients. A field experiment was carried out at Agricultural Research Station (Horticulture) Malepatan Pokhara during spring summer seasons of 2004 and 2005 to determine the response of okra variety Parbhani Kranti to sulphur and boron for better yield and quality seed production………………..

Seed yield and quality of crop varieties depends on various soil factors including available nutrients. Limited research works have been accomplished in Nepal on response of okra variety to specific nutrients. A field experiment was carried out at Agricultural Research Station (Horticulture) Malepatan Pokhara during spring summer seasons of 2004 and 2005 to determine the response of okra variety Parbhani Kranti to sulphur and boron for better yield and quality seed production………………..

An on-farm trial at the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal was conducted to evaluate the effects of irrigation and fertilizers on bottle gourd and lady's finger vegetable crops. The experiment was laid out on split-split-plot design with fertilizer as main-plot factor, frequencies of irrigation as sub-plot factor, and amount of irrigation as sub-sub- plot factor. Data analysis revealed that frequency and amount of irrigation had a significant interaction effect on the number of nodes of bottle gourd and a significant effect of mulch on the number of primary branches (p=0.05)…………..

An on-farm trial at the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal was conducted to evaluate the effects of irrigation and fertilizers on bottle gourd and lady's finger vegetable crops. The experiment was laid out on split-split-plot design with fertilizer as main-plot factor, frequencies of irrigation as sub-plot factor, and amount of irrigation as sub-sub- plot factor. Data analysis revealed that frequency and amount of irrigation had a significant interaction effect on the number of nodes of bottle gourd and a significant effect of mulch on the number of primary branches (p=0.05)…………..

Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) is one of the major summer vegetables in terai. Generally, it is noticed that when the day length increases, number of fruits decreases resulting to reduced yield. Therefore, this trial was conducted for two years (2004 and 2005) on Pusa Summer Prolific Long (PSPL) variety to identify proper growth substance for improving the yield of bottle gourd. Among the growth substances, Vegimax at the rate of 0.25 milliliter per liter water gave significantly highest fruit yield (32.4 tons/ha ) followed by................

Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) is one of the major summer vegetables in terai. Generally, it is noticed that when the day length increases, number of fruits decreases resulting to reduced yield. Therefore, this trial was conducted for two years (2004 and 2005) on Pusa Summer Prolific Long (PSPL) variety to identify proper growth substance for improving the yield of bottle gourd. Among the growth substances, Vegimax at the rate of 0.25 milliliter per liter water gave significantly highest fruit yield (32.4 tons/ha ) followed by................

An experiment was conducted to assess effect of different methods and time of nitrogen fertilizer application for seed production of Mino Early radish. Eight method and time packages of nitrogen (urea) application were evaluated in RCB design with three replications for two years 2004/05 and 2005/06. The plot size was 6.48 m2 (2.4-m x 2.7-m) and the seed was sown in 1st week of October. Seed was sown at a spacing of 60 x 45-cm2 and there were 24 plants after thinning on each plot. Days to 50% flowering, days to maturity and test weight were found not influenced by nitrogen fertilizer application package…………. 

An experiment was conducted to assess effect of different methods and time of nitrogen fertilizer application for seed production of Mino Early radish. Eight method and time packages of nitrogen (urea) application were evaluated in RCB design with three replications for two years 2004/05 and 2005/06. The plot size was 6.48 m2 (2.4-m x 2.7-m) and the seed was sown in 1st week of October. Seed was sown at a spacing of 60 x 45-cm2 and there were 24 plants after thinning on each plot. Days to 50% flowering, days to maturity and test weight were found not influenced by nitrogen fertilizer application package…………. 

Field experiments were conducted to find out the response of different cucumber genotypes for cultivation under plastic house and open field in outreach site of Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Lumle at Hemja, Kaski during February and April planting seasons of 2004/05. Ten exotic and indigenous cucumber genotypes were tested in two planting dates; first on February and second on April in open field and under plastic house. The genotypes Mahyco Green Long (2807 kg/ropani) and Bhaktpur Local (2748. 5 kg/ropani) were recommended for both plastic house and open field conditions due to their higher yield for February planting…………………

Field experiments were conducted to find out the response of different cucumber genotypes for cultivation under plastic house and open field in outreach site of Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Lumle at Hemja, Kaski during February and April planting seasons of 2004/05. Ten exotic and indigenous cucumber genotypes were tested in two planting dates; first on February and second on April in open field and under plastic house. The genotypes Mahyco Green Long (2807 kg/ropani) and Bhaktpur Local (2748. 5 kg/ropani) were recommended for both plastic house and open field conditions due to their higher yield for February planting…………………

Plastic-covered environment was evaluated for three factors: a. plastic house (200 gauge normal, 90 and 120 gsm UV- stabilized Silpaulins); b. mulching (with and without black plastic) and c. irrigation (ordinary and magnetized water) on Bhaktapur Local variety of cucumber at Khumaltar during two planting seasons and years to find an economically viable technology for off-season cucumber cultivation in mid-hills. Overall effect of plastic house and mulching was found to increase the marketable cucumber yield by 5.8 and 3.7 kg, per plot (4 sq.m.) respectively………….

Plastic-covered environment was evaluated for three factors: a. plastic house (200 gauge normal, 90 and 120 gsm UV- stabilized Silpaulins); b. mulching (with and without black plastic) and c. irrigation (ordinary and magnetized water) on Bhaktapur Local variety of cucumber at Khumaltar during two planting seasons and years to find an economically viable technology for off-season cucumber cultivation in mid-hills. Overall effect of plastic house and mulching was found to increase the marketable cucumber yield by 5.8 and 3.7 kg, per plot (4 sq.m.) respectively………….

Sixty-four accession of pole type French bean genotypes were collected from different parts of Mustang, Myagdi and Kaski districts of western Nepal and evaluated under observation nursery at Hemja (1000 masl), Kaski during post monsoon of 2000. Eighteen pole bean genotypes introduced from USA and evaluated under observation nursery at Rising Patan (450 masl) Outreach Research (OR) site of Agriculture Research Station (ARS), Lumle during post monsoon of 2000. Trial was conducted in RCBD with three replications…………….

Sixty-four accession of pole type French bean genotypes were collected from different parts of Mustang, Myagdi and Kaski districts of western Nepal and evaluated under observation nursery at Hemja (1000 masl), Kaski during post monsoon of 2000. Eighteen pole bean genotypes introduced from USA and evaluated under observation nursery at Rising Patan (450 masl) Outreach Research (OR) site of Agriculture Research Station (ARS), Lumle during post monsoon of 2000. Trial was conducted in RCBD with three replications…………….

Clubroot disease caused by a soil borne pathogen, Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin is an economically important disease of brassica vegetables in Nepal. Hundred percent losses have been observed in some of the pockets at Kathmandu and Palung valleys. Loss of hundred million rupees in worth at Palung valley within recent past few years have been reported. Experiments were conducted in inoculated conditions under screenhouse at Khumaltar and under farmers’ field conditions at Bhaktapur……………

Clubroot disease caused by a soil borne pathogen, Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin is an economically important disease of brassica vegetables in Nepal. Hundred percent losses have been observed in some of the pockets at Kathmandu and Palung valleys. Loss of hundred million rupees in worth at Palung valley within recent past few years have been reported. Experiments were conducted in inoculated conditions under screenhouse at Khumaltar and under farmers’ field conditions at Bhaktapur……………

The laboratory experiment was conducted at ARS, Pokhara from mid March to May, 2004 and 2005 to know the effect of bio-pesticides on larval parasitoid, Cotesia plutellae of diamond back moth. The experiment was laid out in CRD with eight treatments such as Margosom @1.5 ml/liter, Margosom @ 2.0 ml/liter, NPV 100LE @ 0.5ml/liter, NPV, 100LE @ 1.0ml/liter, Bt-BIO-LEP @ 2.5g/liter, alternate of BIO-LEP and NPV for three times, water spray @ 600 liter/ha and dichlorvos76EC @ 1ml/liter…………..

The laboratory experiment was conducted at ARS, Pokhara from mid March to May, 2004 and 2005 to know the effect of bio-pesticides on larval parasitoid, Cotesia plutellae of diamond back moth. The experiment was laid out in CRD with eight treatments such as Margosom @1.5 ml/liter, Margosom @ 2.0 ml/liter, NPV 100LE @ 0.5ml/liter, NPV, 100LE @ 1.0ml/liter, Bt-BIO-LEP @ 2.5g/liter, alternate of BIO-LEP and NPV for three times, water spray @ 600 liter/ha and dichlorvos76EC @ 1ml/liter…………..

Tomato fruit worm has been identified as one of the most important biotic constraints in hills of Nepal especially during the spring season. Tomato being a high value commodity, it is grown under heavy pesticidal protection during that season as an off-season produce. Prophylactic sprays of pesticides in higher doses at farmer level is hampering in multidimensional ways. In view of addressing these problems mass multiplication of the most virulent bio-control agent, Trichogramma chilonis on the surrogate host eggs of grain moth and their augmentative field release was carried out to generate eco-friendly fruit worm management practices in tomato production…………..

Tomato fruit worm has been identified as one of the most important biotic constraints in hills of Nepal especially during the spring season. Tomato being a high value commodity, it is grown under heavy pesticidal protection during that season as an off-season produce. Prophylactic sprays of pesticides in higher doses at farmer level is hampering in multidimensional ways. In view of addressing these problems mass multiplication of the most virulent bio-control agent, Trichogramma chilonis on the surrogate host eggs of grain moth and their augmentative field release was carried out to generate eco-friendly fruit worm management practices in tomato production…………..

Vegetable production and marketing was started long ago in Nepal. In the beginning, vegetable production and marketing was in limited area. The objective of the study was to review the status of hybrid vegetable production in Nepal. The methodology of the study was to collect primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected from the 10 percent commercial vegetable growers in Panchkhal of Kavre and Hemja of Kaski district. Farmers cultivated different types of crops in their patch of land in order to get better production in different types of cropping pattern in low land…………………

Vegetable production and marketing was started long ago in Nepal. In the beginning, vegetable production and marketing was in limited area. The objective of the study was to review the status of hybrid vegetable production in Nepal. The methodology of the study was to collect primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected from the 10 percent commercial vegetable growers in Panchkhal of Kavre and Hemja of Kaski district. Farmers cultivated different types of crops in their patch of land in order to get better production in different types of cropping pattern in low land…………………

Consumers’ willingness to pay for organic vegetables and their level of knowledge has been studied in 2008 at local markets and specialized markets (The Organic Village, Bhat Bhateni Super Market, and Summit Hotel) of Kathmandu Valley by selecting consumers of both inorganic and organic vegetables through simple random sampling and data have been taken using structured questionnaire administered through interview. Three organic vegetables are given emphasis during the study namely tomato, cauliflower and broadleaved mustard. Results reveal that most of the consumers have heard of organic products and some of them consume organic vegetables……………..

Consumers’ willingness to pay for organic vegetables and their level of knowledge has been studied in 2008 at local markets and specialized markets (The Organic Village, Bhat Bhateni Super Market, and Summit Hotel) of Kathmandu Valley by selecting consumers of both inorganic and organic vegetables through simple random sampling and data have been taken using structured questionnaire administered through interview. Three organic vegetables are given emphasis during the study namely tomato, cauliflower and broadleaved mustard. Results reveal that most of the consumers have heard of organic products and some of them consume organic vegetables……………..

Field experiments were carried out in 2004/05 to 2006/07 at Ginger Research Program Kapurkot, Salyan to assess the effect of various organic soil amendments to minimize the rhizome rot disease of ginger. Six different organic soil amendments were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The soil amendments were agri lime, neem cake, mustard oil cake, agri lime + mustard oil cake, 'Timur' powder and 'Bojho' powder…………………..

Field experiments were carried out in 2004/05 to 2006/07 at Ginger Research Program Kapurkot, Salyan to assess the effect of various organic soil amendments to minimize the rhizome rot disease of ginger. Six different organic soil amendments were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The soil amendments were agri lime, neem cake, mustard oil cake, agri lime + mustard oil cake, 'Timur' powder and 'Bojho' powder…………………..

In vitro plant regeneration techniques are used for large scale production of disease free plant materials. Laboratory experiments were conducted for two consecutive years (2005/2006 to 2006/2007) in National Citrus Research Program, Paripatle to develop a complete protocol for in vitro plant regeneration of large cardamom. For in vitro proliferation, the stem explants were tested in MS medium (1962) supplemented with three different levels of NAA and five levels of BAP in a completely randomized design with seven replications……………….

In vitro plant regeneration techniques are used for large scale production of disease free plant materials. Laboratory experiments were conducted for two consecutive years (2005/2006 to 2006/2007) in National Citrus Research Program, Paripatle to develop a complete protocol for in vitro plant regeneration of large cardamom. For in vitro proliferation, the stem explants were tested in MS medium (1962) supplemented with three different levels of NAA and five levels of BAP in a completely randomized design with seven replications……………….

Grades of orthodox and green tea produced by different processors were analyzed using different quality parameters. Chemical constituents were found to be varied among different processors as well as among different grades of same processors. The ash content varied from 5.37 to 7.44 percent, water soluble ash from 48.49 to 70.62 percent, acid insoluble ash from 0.01 to 0.52 percent, alkalinity of soluble ash from 1.35 to 2.25 percent and hot water extract from 1.92 to 4.85 percent. Some tea samples were found to be sub-standard as compared to the specifications of Nepal standard for tea. Among the different samples analyzed for the chemical parameters, five samples were found to have higher crude fiber, one sample had lower caffeine content and lower hot water extract in addition to higher crude fiber content. All other samples were found to meet the specifications of Nepal standard for tea

Grades of orthodox and green tea produced by different processors were analyzed using different quality parameters. Chemical constituents were found to be varied among different processors as well as among different grades of same processors. The ash content varied from 5.37 to 7.44 percent, water soluble ash from 48.49 to 70.62 percent, acid insoluble ash from 0.01 to 0.52 percent, alkalinity of soluble ash from 1.35 to 2.25 percent and hot water extract from 1.92 to 4.85 percent. Some tea samples were found to be sub-standard as compared to the specifications of Nepal standard for tea. Among the different samples analyzed for the chemical parameters, five samples were found to have higher crude fiber, one sample had lower caffeine content and lower hot water extract in addition to higher crude fiber content. All other samples were found to meet the specifications of Nepal standard for tea

 Introduction of productive exotic dairy cattle and buffalo breeds in the country for genetic improvement of local animals was initiated with the establishment of Livestock Improvement Section in 1952. The cattle population in the country during the last five years increased slightly (0.06%) while that of buffalo increased at the rate of 2.7 percent annually. The existing per capita milk and meat availability of 50.7 lit and 8.5 kg is below the targeted requirement level of 57 lit milk and 14 kg meat in Nepal. Complete stall feeding of dairy animals particularly crossbred animals with cut and carry system is the common practice practiced in the dairy pocket areas………………….

 Introduction of productive exotic dairy cattle and buffalo breeds in the country for genetic improvement of local animals was initiated with the establishment of Livestock Improvement Section in 1952. The cattle population in the country during the last five years increased slightly (0.06%) while that of buffalo increased at the rate of 2.7 percent annually. The existing per capita milk and meat availability of 50.7 lit and 8.5 kg is below the targeted requirement level of 57 lit milk and 14 kg meat in Nepal. Complete stall feeding of dairy animals particularly crossbred animals with cut and carry system is the common practice practiced in the dairy pocket areas………………….

This paper presents review on floriculture researches carried out to date so as to make the future research strategy and plans for boosting up the floriculture in Nepal. Altogether 14 research and technical papers were cited for the study. Particularly, it has found that research emphasis was given to major cut flowers and these were done by different organizations and institute during last decade. Most studies were concentrated on survey rather than agronomic and post-harvest studies. Floriculture Association Nepal (FAN), a non-governmental organization, had made several efforts for the floriculture development in the country. Since 1994, a dozen of studies have been brought on the marketing and at policy level. Besides, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Rampur has done research; especially in cut flowers viz. gladiolus, rose and carnation with respect to crop husbandry and post-harvest aspect. Similarly, National Agriculture Research Council (NARC) has mandatory to cut flower research and two projects on gladiolus are underway. The paper has presented information on the following headings: current research status, challenges for floriculture research, development and research needs for the floriculture development.

This paper presents review on floriculture researches carried out to date so as to make the future research strategy and plans for boosting up the floriculture in Nepal. Altogether 14 research and technical papers were cited for the study. Particularly, it has found that research emphasis was given to major cut flowers and these were done by different organizations and institute during last decade. Most studies were concentrated on survey rather than agronomic and post-harvest studies. Floriculture Association Nepal (FAN), a non-governmental organization, had made several efforts for the floriculture development in the country. Since 1994, a dozen of studies have been brought on the marketing and at policy level. Besides, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Rampur has done research; especially in cut flowers viz. gladiolus, rose and carnation with respect to crop husbandry and post-harvest aspect. Similarly, National Agriculture Research Council (NARC) has mandatory to cut flower research and two projects on gladiolus are underway. The paper has presented information on the following headings: current research status, challenges for floriculture research, development and research needs for the floriculture development.

Gladiolus is very popular and commercial cut flower in Nepal. An experimental study was carried out at ARS, Pakhribas (1740 masl) with the objective to find out the appropriate planting depth and corm size to produce higher quality spike and higher corm yield. Three corm sizes 2.5-3 cm, 3-3.5 cm and 3.5-4 cm and three planting depths 6 cm, 8 cm and 10 cm were studied in factorial RCBD with three replications. The corm size did not show any significant effect on plant height…………..

Gladiolus is very popular and commercial cut flower in Nepal. An experimental study was carried out at ARS, Pakhribas (1740 masl) with the objective to find out the appropriate planting depth and corm size to produce higher quality spike and higher corm yield. Three corm sizes 2.5-3 cm, 3-3.5 cm and 3.5-4 cm and three planting depths 6 cm, 8 cm and 10 cm were studied in factorial RCBD with three replications. The corm size did not show any significant effect on plant height…………..

In Nepal, specialty coffee is cultivated in steep, marginal and shady land at the altitude range of 800-1600 m and it is cultivated in more than 1400 ha in 22 hill districts. There has been significant increase in specialty coffee export from negligible amount in 2002 to 220 mt in 2008. To enhance the quality of coffee for international export, wet processing technology is introduced in Nepal few years back. Pulping is one of the important processes of wet processing and hence, more than 350 coffee pulping centers were established. Different types of coffee pulpers viz. wooden roller, metallic roller and drum type etc were introduced in Nepal………………

In Nepal, specialty coffee is cultivated in steep, marginal and shady land at the altitude range of 800-1600 m and it is cultivated in more than 1400 ha in 22 hill districts. There has been significant increase in specialty coffee export from negligible amount in 2002 to 220 mt in 2008. To enhance the quality of coffee for international export, wet processing technology is introduced in Nepal few years back. Pulping is one of the important processes of wet processing and hence, more than 350 coffee pulping centers were established. Different types of coffee pulpers viz. wooden roller, metallic roller and drum type etc were introduced in Nepal………………

Introduction of productive exotic dairy cattle and buffalo breeds in the country for genetic improvement of local animals was initiated with the establishment of Livestock Improvement Section in 1952. The cattle population in the country during the last five years increased slightly (0.06%) while that of buffalo increased at the rate of 2.7 percent annually. The existing per capita milk and meat availability of 50.7 lit and 8.5 kg is below the targeted requirement level of 57 lit milk and 14 kg meat in Nepal. Complete stall feeding of dairy animals particularly crossbred animals with cut and carry system is the common practice practiced in the dairy pocket areas. During winter and dry period animals have to depend heavily on crop residues…………….

Introduction of productive exotic dairy cattle and buffalo breeds in the country for genetic improvement of local animals was initiated with the establishment of Livestock Improvement Section in 1952. The cattle population in the country during the last five years increased slightly (0.06%) while that of buffalo increased at the rate of 2.7 percent annually. The existing per capita milk and meat availability of 50.7 lit and 8.5 kg is below the targeted requirement level of 57 lit milk and 14 kg meat in Nepal. Complete stall feeding of dairy animals particularly crossbred animals with cut and carry system is the common practice practiced in the dairy pocket areas. During winter and dry period animals have to depend heavily on crop residues…………….

An attempt was made to know the status of Paratuberculosis (Johne’s disease) a chronic granulomatous infectious disease of ruminants in Nepal. In past years intradermal skin test (Johnin test) had been conducted to identify the prevalence of the disease. Intradermal skin test carried out during 1982- 1988 in cattle of organized farms of Kathmandu and Pokhara valley showed an over all prevalence of 3.22 percent (0.9-10.13%).In 1999,115 serum samples from buffaloes and 98 serum samples from cattle of different districts of Western Nepal revealed 39 samples (33.9%) and 27(27.5%) samples positive to antibodies against paratuberculosis by absorbed ELISA……………….

An attempt was made to know the status of Paratuberculosis (Johne’s disease) a chronic granulomatous infectious disease of ruminants in Nepal. In past years intradermal skin test (Johnin test) had been conducted to identify the prevalence of the disease. Intradermal skin test carried out during 1982- 1988 in cattle of organized farms of Kathmandu and Pokhara valley showed an over all prevalence of 3.22 percent (0.9-10.13%).In 1999,115 serum samples from buffaloes and 98 serum samples from cattle of different districts of Western Nepal revealed 39 samples (33.9%) and 27(27.5%) samples positive to antibodies against paratuberculosis by absorbed ELISA……………….

Goats are important livestock commodities in Nepalese farming communities. Majority of rural population depends on goats for meat, milk, manure, Chyangra Pashmina, and pack use in the high mountain. They are popular for income generation and known as "Living Bank of Poor" in rural areas of Nepal. Species is popular as PEWA among the women. Every rural household keeps 2-5 goats while this number increases to 8-10 heads in potential pocket area. Goat production in the country is not adequate to fulfill the demand of meat and subsequently every year large number of goats, more than 400000 heads, is imported from the neighboring countries such as from India and China………………..

Goats are important livestock commodities in Nepalese farming communities. Majority of rural population depends on goats for meat, milk, manure, Chyangra Pashmina, and pack use in the high mountain. They are popular for income generation and known as "Living Bank of Poor" in rural areas of Nepal. Species is popular as PEWA among the women. Every rural household keeps 2-5 goats while this number increases to 8-10 heads in potential pocket area. Goat production in the country is not adequate to fulfill the demand of meat and subsequently every year large number of goats, more than 400000 heads, is imported from the neighboring countries such as from India and China………………..

There are about 8.47 million goats in Nepal (MoAC 2009). Most of these goats are local and very adaptive to the different ecological zones of Nepal (Subtropical (Terai goats), mid hills (Khari Goats), Mountains (Sinhal) and Temperate (Changra). There may be about 18 percent crosses between these locals and exotic breeds such as Jamunapari, Barbari, and Kiko. Although the number of the goat population is big, their performances in terms of daily live weight gains were very low (40 to 66 g) as compared with the daily live weight gains of Boer Goats (136 to 250 g) and daily live weight gains of Boer goat crossbreds (100 to 200 g)……………………

There are about 8.47 million goats in Nepal (MoAC 2009). Most of these goats are local and very adaptive to the different ecological zones of Nepal (Subtropical (Terai goats), mid hills (Khari Goats), Mountains (Sinhal) and Temperate (Changra). There may be about 18 percent crosses between these locals and exotic breeds such as Jamunapari, Barbari, and Kiko. Although the number of the goat population is big, their performances in terms of daily live weight gains were very low (40 to 66 g) as compared with the daily live weight gains of Boer Goats (136 to 250 g) and daily live weight gains of Boer goat crossbreds (100 to 200 g)……………………

A wide range of fodder species are available in the mid-hills of Nepal. Most of them do not meet the nutrient, mainly protein, requirements of livestock. Stylo (Stylosanthesis guinensis)  is  a legume herb with high crude protein content and which can be grown in the mid-hills of Nepal. This study, conducted in the mid-hills of Nepal, examined the effects of stylo dry matter intake (DMI) and body weight gain in goats. To examine the effects of stylo on DMI and growth in goats, twelve 6-7 month-old castrated male goats were assigned to three dietary treatment groups (n = 4/group)……………….

A wide range of fodder species are available in the mid-hills of Nepal. Most of them do not meet the nutrient, mainly protein, requirements of livestock. Stylo (Stylosanthesis guinensis)  is  a legume herb with high crude protein content and which can be grown in the mid-hills of Nepal. This study, conducted in the mid-hills of Nepal, examined the effects of stylo dry matter intake (DMI) and body weight gain in goats. To examine the effects of stylo on DMI and growth in goats, twelve 6-7 month-old castrated male goats were assigned to three dietary treatment groups (n = 4/group)……………….