Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) is a leading food legume and exportable commodity in Nepal whose seed yield is low and unpredictable as it is grown under limited soil moisture conditions during the winter months. However, there may be a potential to increase its yields by utilizing germplasm that is adapted to rainfed conditions and residual soil moisture from the preceding crop. National Agriculture Genetic Resources Centre (NAGRC) has collected and conserved 489 accessions of lentil germplasm in the NAGRC gene bank at Khumaltar. Among them, a total of 209 accessions of lentil germplasm were evaluated on the basis of agro-morphological traits at Khumaltar during 2008/09 and 2009/10. Tenqualitative and six quantitative traits were recorded to evaluate the variability on the basis of agro-morphological traits. Principal component analysis accounted 92.0% of the total variance among the accessions. Variability range for number of flower per peduncle was 2-3, for plant height 14.6-31.2cm and for maturity 117-130 days. The evaluated germplasm shows high variability in agro-morphological traits, which are very important in crop improvement programme. Evaluation and utilization of such valuable genetic resources would provide crucial information for its improvement in future.

Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) is a leading food legume and exportable commodity in Nepal whose seed yield is low and unpredictable as it is grown under limited soil moisture conditions during the winter months. However, there may be a potential to increase its yields by utilizing germplasm that is adapted to rainfed conditions and residual soil moisture from the preceding crop. National Agriculture Genetic Resources Centre (NAGRC) has collected and conserved 489 accessions of lentil germplasm in the NAGRC gene bank at Khumaltar. Among them, a total of 209 accessions of lentil germplasm were evaluated on the basis of agro-morphological traits at Khumaltar during 2008/09 and 2009/10. Tenqualitative and six quantitative traits were recorded to evaluate the variability on the basis of agro-morphological traits. Principal component analysis accounted 92.0% of the total variance among the accessions. Variability range for number of flower per peduncle was 2-3, for plant height 14.6-31.2cm and for maturity 117-130 days. The evaluated germplasm shows high variability in agro-morphological traits, which are very important in crop improvement programme. Evaluation and utilization of such valuable genetic resources would provide crucial information for its improvement in future.

Promising chickpea materials from ICRISAT and local Dbanush were evaluated at five NARC stations during 2007/08 to 2009/10 for identifying high yielding stable varieties with combined resistance to BGM and wilt diseases and pod borer. In observation nursery at Nepalgunj, ICCV97104, ICCV05112, ICCV00102, ICCC87, ICCVOO l 0 I , ICCVOO l 05, ICCVOO l 08 and ICCV04608 were found promising. In coordinated varietal trial, ICCV 87312, ICCX 840508-33, KPG 59 and ICCX 840508- 41 exhibited a wide adaptation. Mean grain yield recorded at Rampur was low (545 kg/ha) due to poor organic matter and light textured soil (crop matured in about 133 days i.e., 2-3 weeks earlier than other sites, low biomass and low numbers of pods). In Rampur, ICCV 87312, ICCX 840508-31, ICCX 840508-33 and ICCX 840508-36 (Tara) produced l 0-50% greater yield than Dbanush (650 kg/ha). In Parwanipur, ICCV 87312, ICCX 840508-41, KPG 59, BG 1206, ICCX 840508 21, ICCX 840508 32 and ICCX 840508 33 yielded 9-27% higher than local and Tara, and 15% greater yield ofICCV 87312 and ICCX 840508-41 than local at Nawalpur. In Nepalgunj, the best performing chickpeas were ICCX 840508-44, KWR 108, KPG 59, BG 1206, ICCX 840508 32 and ICCX 840508 33 (about 2600 kg/ha). In Surkhet (2009/10), ICCV 87312, ICCX 840508-41, ICCX 840508-44, ICCV 98909, KPG 59 and BG 372 produced mean grain yields of about 980 kg/ha. Highest overall mean grain yield was recorded at Nepalgunj (2400 kg/ha), followed by 1300 kg in Parwanipur and Nawalpur, and about 900 kg/ha at Surkhet. ICCX 840508-44, KWR 108, BG 1206 and KPG 59, were bold seeded (about 18 g/ 100 seed). In PRVT, Tara, ICCX 840508-33, ICCX 840508-40, ICCX840508-44 and KPG 59 (in particular Nepalgunj and Parwanipur) performed well in across the locations.

Promising chickpea materials from ICRISAT and local Dbanush were evaluated at five NARC stations during 2007/08 to 2009/10 for identifying high yielding stable varieties with combined resistance to BGM and wilt diseases and pod borer. In observation nursery at Nepalgunj, ICCV97104, ICCV05112, ICCV00102, ICCC87, ICCVOO l 0 I , ICCVOO l 05, ICCVOO l 08 and ICCV04608 were found promising. In coordinated varietal trial, ICCV 87312, ICCX 840508-33, KPG 59 and ICCX 840508- 41 exhibited a wide adaptation. Mean grain yield recorded at Rampur was low (545 kg/ha) due to poor organic matter and light textured soil (crop matured in about 133 days i.e., 2-3 weeks earlier than other sites, low biomass and low numbers of pods). In Rampur, ICCV 87312, ICCX 840508-31, ICCX 840508-33 and ICCX 840508-36 (Tara) produced l 0-50% greater yield than Dbanush (650 kg/ha). In Parwanipur, ICCV 87312, ICCX 840508-41, KPG 59, BG 1206, ICCX 840508 21, ICCX 840508 32 and ICCX 840508 33 yielded 9-27% higher than local and Tara, and 15% greater yield ofICCV 87312 and ICCX 840508-41 than local at Nawalpur. In Nepalgunj, the best performing chickpeas were ICCX 840508-44, KWR 108, KPG 59, BG 1206, ICCX 840508 32 and ICCX 840508 33 (about 2600 kg/ha). In Surkhet (2009/10), ICCV 87312, ICCX 840508-41, ICCX 840508-44, ICCV 98909, KPG 59 and BG 372 produced mean grain yields of about 980 kg/ha. Highest overall mean grain yield was recorded at Nepalgunj (2400 kg/ha), followed by 1300 kg in Parwanipur and Nawalpur, and about 900 kg/ha at Surkhet. ICCX 840508-44, KWR 108, BG 1206 and KPG 59, were bold seeded (about 18 g/ 100 seed). In PRVT, Tara, ICCX 840508-33, ICCX 840508-40, ICCX840508-44 and KPG 59 (in particular Nepalgunj and Parwanipur) performed well in across the locations.

Chickpea is an important winter legume grown in the rice and maize based eco­ system. The role of chickpea in to conserve natural resources bases of agriculture and has been well recognized for providing much needed for sustainability to the cropping systems. Intervention of the available exotic varieties for better adaptation assumes the importance to enhancement of crop productivity and food  security under rainfed environments. A total of 16 entries in CVT, 18 entries in REVT and five entries in PVS were evaluated in mid and far western regions of Nepal. Experiments CVT and REVT were carried out in RBD design with four-replications. The tentative plot size was maintained at 9.6 m2 while 40 cm row to row and 7 - I 0 cm plant to plant spacing. Statistically significant differences were observed among the tested genotypes in both the  CVT  and  REVT.  Pooled  mean  yield  performances  indicated  that  chickpea genotypes KPG59 (2702 kg/ha), KWRI 08 (2619 kg/ha), ICCV98933 (2523 kg/ha) and ICCx840508-44 (2516 kg/ha) in CVT and genotypes KPG59 (2225 kg/ha), JCCV98909 (2186 kg/ha) and ICCx840508-44 (2132 kg/ha) in REVT were the better yielder over the years and across the locations and recommended to promote in participatory trials.............

Chickpea is an important winter legume grown in the rice and maize based eco­ system. The role of chickpea in to conserve natural resources bases of agriculture and has been well recognized for providing much needed for sustainability to the cropping systems. Intervention of the available exotic varieties for better adaptation assumes the importance to enhancement of crop productivity and food  security under rainfed environments. A total of 16 entries in CVT, 18 entries in REVT and five entries in PVS were evaluated in mid and far western regions of Nepal. Experiments CVT and REVT were carried out in RBD design with four-replications. The tentative plot size was maintained at 9.6 m2 while 40 cm row to row and 7 - I 0 cm plant to plant spacing. Statistically significant differences were observed among the tested genotypes in both the  CVT  and  REVT.  Pooled  mean  yield  performances  indicated  that  chickpea genotypes KPG59 (2702 kg/ha), KWRI 08 (2619 kg/ha), ICCV98933 (2523 kg/ha) and ICCx840508-44 (2516 kg/ha) in CVT and genotypes KPG59 (2225 kg/ha), JCCV98909 (2186 kg/ha) and ICCx840508-44 (2132 kg/ha) in REVT were the better yielder over the years and across the locations and recommended to promote in participatory trials.............

Rajma (Phaseolus vulagaris L.) commonly called kidney bean is short duration determinate grain legume that can be grown during winter months in central and eastern terai regions of Nepal under partial irrigation conditions. A range of rajma varieties originating from India and Nepal were evaluated in yield trials at Rampur and Parwanipur during 2007/08 to 2009/10. The tested varieties do not form nodules, and therefore chemical ferti lizers @ 160:60:40 kg NP205K20/ha was applied. In 2008/09, ten sets of mother trials were tested in RIUP districts i.e., Jhapa, Bara, Tanahu , Sarlahi, Mahottari and Dhanusha in collaboration with LI-BIRD/Support Foundation/FOR WARD. Variation in soil organic matter, soil moisture status, sowing times resulted  high variability year to year and low yields under Rampur conditions (mean grain yield 0.52-1.33 t/ha), while the mean grain yield was much higher in Parwani pur ( l.35-2.70 t/ha) due to assured irrigation and heavy textured soils......................

Rajma (Phaseolus vulagaris L.) commonly called kidney bean is short duration determinate grain legume that can be grown during winter months in central and eastern terai regions of Nepal under partial irrigation conditions. A range of rajma varieties originating from India and Nepal were evaluated in yield trials at Rampur and Parwanipur during 2007/08 to 2009/10. The tested varieties do not form nodules, and therefore chemical ferti lizers @ 160:60:40 kg NP205K20/ha was applied. In 2008/09, ten sets of mother trials were tested in RIUP districts i.e., Jhapa, Bara, Tanahu , Sarlahi, Mahottari and Dhanusha in collaboration with LI-BIRD/Support Foundation/FOR WARD. Variation in soil organic matter, soil moisture status, sowing times resulted  high variability year to year and low yields under Rampur conditions (mean grain yield 0.52-1.33 t/ha), while the mean grain yield was much higher in Parwani pur ( l.35-2.70 t/ha) due to assured irrigation and heavy textured soils......................

Elite genotypes of wheat and chickpea were tested at the command areas of Agriculture Research Station, Doti during the years 2065/66 and 2066/67. Out of the tested genotypes during 2065/66, genotype!CCX 940508-21 was found superior (860 kg/ha) followed by ICCX-840508-44 (789 kg/ha). Similarly, same genotypes were also tested during 2066/67, out of them, the genotype BG 1206 was identified as superior (1052 kg/ha) followed by BG 372 (995 kg/ha). Statistically, the difference in grain yield due to the genotypes in both of the years was not found significant. Combined analysis over year identified JCCX 840508-32 (779 kg/ha) and ICCX 840508-44 (762 kg/ha) as superior genotype. Statistically, the treatment difference in grain yield due to year was found significant at I% level whereas the interaction between year and genotypes was not observed significant. Six promising genotypes of wheat were tested in PVS during the year 2066/67.......................

Elite genotypes of wheat and chickpea were tested at the command areas of Agriculture Research Station, Doti during the years 2065/66 and 2066/67. Out of the tested genotypes during 2065/66, genotype!CCX 940508-21 was found superior (860 kg/ha) followed by ICCX-840508-44 (789 kg/ha). Similarly, same genotypes were also tested during 2066/67, out of them, the genotype BG 1206 was identified as superior (1052 kg/ha) followed by BG 372 (995 kg/ha). Statistically, the difference in grain yield due to the genotypes in both of the years was not found significant. Combined analysis over year identified JCCX 840508-32 (779 kg/ha) and ICCX 840508-44 (762 kg/ha) as superior genotype. Statistically, the treatment difference in grain yield due to year was found significant at I% level whereas the interaction between year and genotypes was not observed significant. Six promising genotypes of wheat were tested in PVS during the year 2066/67.......................

With the objective to identify high yielding and disease resistant genotypes at different environment, selection of breeding lines, observation nursery (ON), initial evaluation trial (JET) at Nawalpur and coordinated varietal trial (CVT), farmers' field trial (FFT) at Nawalpur, Parwanipur, Belachapi, Kapurkot, Nepalganj and Surkhet were conducted during the consecutive years 2008 and 2009. Among 53 genotypes tested in ON,  lines  JCT  201-01,  JCT2006-06,  ICT  2001-10,  JCT  2001-18,  JCT  2003-03 produced more than l 000 kg/ha seed yield with the maturity range of 77-83 days. In 2009, among 56 genotypes tested, ICT 2001-15, JCT 2003-9, ICT 2001-40, JCT 2001-25, JCT 2001-4 JCT 2006-08 yielded higher with yield range of 700-814 kg/ha. In JET among the 16 genotypes tested in 2008, highly significant yield difference was found among the genotypes and JCT 2001-41 yielded highest (1086 kg/ha) and was at par in grain yield with JCT 2002- 09, JCT 2001-08 over check Unnati and Vikas. In 2009, among 16 genotypes non-significant yield difference was found. Check varieties Unnati and Vikas out yielded other genotypes...................

With the objective to identify high yielding and disease resistant genotypes at different environment, selection of breeding lines, observation nursery (ON), initial evaluation trial (JET) at Nawalpur and coordinated varietal trial (CVT), farmers' field trial (FFT) at Nawalpur, Parwanipur, Belachapi, Kapurkot, Nepalganj and Surkhet were conducted during the consecutive years 2008 and 2009. Among 53 genotypes tested in ON,  lines  JCT  201-01,  JCT2006-06,  ICT  2001-10,  JCT  2001-18,  JCT  2003-03 produced more than l 000 kg/ha seed yield with the maturity range of 77-83 days. In 2009, among 56 genotypes tested, ICT 2001-15, JCT 2003-9, ICT 2001-40, JCT 2001-25, JCT 2001-4 JCT 2006-08 yielded higher with yield range of 700-814 kg/ha. In JET among the 16 genotypes tested in 2008, highly significant yield difference was found among the genotypes and JCT 2001-41 yielded highest (1086 kg/ha) and was at par in grain yield with JCT 2002- 09, JCT 2001-08 over check Unnati and Vikas. In 2009, among 16 genotypes non-significant yield difference was found. Check varieties Unnati and Vikas out yielded other genotypes...................

Observation Nursery, Initial Evaluation Trial of mustard at Nawalpur, Coordinated Varietal, Coordinated Farmers Field Trial at Nawalpur, Parwanipur, and Nepalganj were conducted in 2008,2009 to identify high yielding genotypes in different environment. In 2008, among 93 genotypes ICJO 1-22(625 kg/ha), followed by ICJO 1- 64, ICJ02-35,ICJO l-4,ICJ971 1, ICJO l -56, Divya were found high yielding genotypes against check Krishna (550kg/ha) and ICJO 1-22 was highest yielder (1325kg/ha) in 2009 followed by ,ICJO l -19, ICJ 9716, ICJO l -26, Divya, ICJO l -53 and these genotypes were identified superior in grain yield over check Krishna (8 I 4kg/ha). In 2008, 2009 among 16 genotypes tested in JET non significant yield difference was found among the genotypes however, ICJO l-8 yielded highest (645 kg/ha) followed by ICJ 01-1 1 (618kg/ha), ICJ 01-47, P Jaganath, were found high yielding against check Krishna (470 kg/ha) in 2008, whereas, ICJ 01-40 (973kg/ha) was highest yielder in 2009 followed by ICJO l -49, ICJO l-56 and were fond promising in 2009 against check Krishna (795 kg/ha)....................

Observation Nursery, Initial Evaluation Trial of mustard at Nawalpur, Coordinated Varietal, Coordinated Farmers Field Trial at Nawalpur, Parwanipur, and Nepalganj were conducted in 2008,2009 to identify high yielding genotypes in different environment. In 2008, among 93 genotypes ICJO 1-22(625 kg/ha), followed by ICJO 1- 64, ICJ02-35,ICJO l-4,ICJ971 1, ICJO l -56, Divya were found high yielding genotypes against check Krishna (550kg/ha) and ICJO 1-22 was highest yielder (1325kg/ha) in 2009 followed by ,ICJO l -19, ICJ 9716, ICJO l -26, Divya, ICJO l -53 and these genotypes were identified superior in grain yield over check Krishna (8 I 4kg/ha). In 2008, 2009 among 16 genotypes tested in JET non significant yield difference was found among the genotypes however, ICJO l-8 yielded highest (645 kg/ha) followed by ICJ 01-1 1 (618kg/ha), ICJ 01-47, P Jaganath, were found high yielding against check Krishna (470 kg/ha) in 2008, whereas, ICJ 01-40 (973kg/ha) was highest yielder in 2009 followed by ICJO l -49, ICJO l-56 and were fond promising in 2009 against check Krishna (795 kg/ha)....................

Sugarcane varietal development experiments were carried out in randomized complete block design with three to four replications. CoSe 98231 an early maturing sugarcane genotype gave the highest cane yield of 65.6 mt/ha followed by CoSe 97232 of 60.0 mt/ha The cane length of CoSe 98231 was 2.06 m which was at par with cane length of CoSe 97232 of 2.37 m. Single cane weight of CoSe 9823 was the highest of 0.706 kg followed by Co 98020 of 0.598 kg. Cane·diameter of CoSe 98231 was the highest of 1.96 cm followed by Co 98020 of 1.95 cm. Millable cane number was the highest of CoSe 98231 of 84,300 followed by CoSe 97232 of 84,000. Similarly, among mid-late sugarcane genotypes UP 9742 gave the highest cane yield of 79 mt/ha followed by BO  134 of 72 mt/ha and BO 135 of 71.3 mt/ha. The cane length of UP 9742 was 1.77 m and BO 134 had cane length of 1.89 m and BO 135 of 92.13 m. Cane diameter was the highest of UP 9742 of 1.91 cm followed by BO 135 of 1.77 cm and BO 134 of 1.44 cm. The single cane weight was the highest in case of BO 110 oto.766 kg followed by Co 97020.........................

Sugarcane varietal development experiments were carried out in randomized complete block design with three to four replications. CoSe 98231 an early maturing sugarcane genotype gave the highest cane yield of 65.6 mt/ha followed by CoSe 97232 of 60.0 mt/ha The cane length of CoSe 98231 was 2.06 m which was at par with cane length of CoSe 97232 of 2.37 m. Single cane weight of CoSe 9823 was the highest of 0.706 kg followed by Co 98020 of 0.598 kg. Cane·diameter of CoSe 98231 was the highest of 1.96 cm followed by Co 98020 of 1.95 cm. Millable cane number was the highest of CoSe 98231 of 84,300 followed by CoSe 97232 of 84,000. Similarly, among mid-late sugarcane genotypes UP 9742 gave the highest cane yield of 79 mt/ha followed by BO  134 of 72 mt/ha and BO 135 of 71.3 mt/ha. The cane length of UP 9742 was 1.77 m and BO 134 had cane length of 1.89 m and BO 135 of 92.13 m. Cane diameter was the highest of UP 9742 of 1.91 cm followed by BO 135 of 1.77 cm and BO 134 of 1.44 cm. The single cane weight was the highest in case of BO 110 oto.766 kg followed by Co 97020.........................

Different experiments namely National Observation Nursery (NON), Initial Evaluation Trial (JET), Coordinated Varietal Trial (CVT) and Coordinated Farmers' Field Trials (CFFT) were conducted both in hill and mountain environments during winter season of 2008 and 2009. Among the tested genotypes when combined over years, genotype LG-51/XVeola-2-77-3-3-1-1-l K (2378 kg/ha) produced the highest yield followed by ACC# l 557 (1958 kg/ha) and B 8679-lk-2-0K3 (1946 kg/ha) in NON-hill. Likewise in NON-mountain, ACC#5177 (2650 kg/ha) followed by........................

Different experiments namely National Observation Nursery (NON), Initial Evaluation Trial (JET), Coordinated Varietal Trial (CVT) and Coordinated Farmers' Field Trials (CFFT) were conducted both in hill and mountain environments during winter season of 2008 and 2009. Among the tested genotypes when combined over years, genotype LG-51/XVeola-2-77-3-3-1-1-l K (2378 kg/ha) produced the highest yield followed by ACC# l 557 (1958 kg/ha) and B 8679-lk-2-0K3 (1946 kg/ha) in NON-hill. Likewise in NON-mountain, ACC#5177 (2650 kg/ha) followed by........................

Different experiments namely National Observation Nursery (NON), Initial Evaluation Trial (JET), Coordinated Varietal Trial (CVT) and Coordinated Farmers' Field Trials (CFFT) were conducted both in hill and mountain environments during winter season of 2008 and 2009. Among the tested genotypes when combined over years, genotype LG-51/XVeola-2-77-3-3-1-1-l K (2378 kg/ha) produced the highest yield followed by ACC# l 557 (1958 kg/ha) and B 8679-lk-2-0K3 (1946 kg/ha) in NON-hill. Likewise in NON-mountain, ACC#5177 (2650 kg/ha) followed by........................

Different experiments namely National Observation Nursery (NON), Initial Evaluation Trial (JET), Coordinated Varietal Trial (CVT) and Coordinated Farmers' Field Trials (CFFT) were conducted both in hill and mountain environments during winter season of 2008 and 2009. Among the tested genotypes when combined over years, genotype LG-51/XVeola-2-77-3-3-1-1-l K (2378 kg/ha) produced the highest yield followed by ACC# l 557 (1958 kg/ha) and B 8679-lk-2-0K3 (1946 kg/ha) in NON-hill. Likewise in NON-mountain, ACC#5177 (2650 kg/ha) followed by........................

Lentil (Lens culinaris L.) is the main winter food legume of Nepal. Observation nursery, coordinated varietal trials and farmers' field trials were conducted at Khumaltar, Lalitpur during 2007/08 and 2009/ 10 to select high yielding and disease resistant lentil varieties for mid hills. All the tested genotypes produced very poor yield due to extreme drought. In the year 2007/08 genotypes ILL 7537 R and ILL 7979 produced grain yield of 487 and 435 kg/ha respectively. Hundred grains weight ranged from 2.0 g in Shital to 3.4 g in ILL 8186. While during 2009/ 10, non significant differences among the genotypes were recorded for days to maturity, final stand, grain yield and plant height. Grain yield ranged from 73 kg/ha in ILL 10301 to 341 kg/ha each in 7979, ILL 10071 and Simal.

Lentil (Lens culinaris L.) is the main winter food legume of Nepal. Observation nursery, coordinated varietal trials and farmers' field trials were conducted at Khumaltar, Lalitpur during 2007/08 and 2009/ 10 to select high yielding and disease resistant lentil varieties for mid hills. All the tested genotypes produced very poor yield due to extreme drought. In the year 2007/08 genotypes ILL 7537 R and ILL 7979 produced grain yield of 487 and 435 kg/ha respectively. Hundred grains weight ranged from 2.0 g in Shital to 3.4 g in ILL 8186. While during 2009/ 10, non significant differences among the genotypes were recorded for days to maturity, final stand, grain yield and plant height. Grain yield ranged from 73 kg/ha in ILL 10301 to 341 kg/ha each in 7979, ILL 10071 and Simal.

Among the oilseed crops, Toria is grown by majority of the farmers of the mid and far western region . Agriculture Research Station, Dasarathpur Surkhet conducted varietal experiments on Toria during two winter seasons of 2008 and 2009. Twelve CVT genotypes received from National Oilseed Research Program (NORP), Nawalpur Sarlahi, were tested in RCB design with three replications to identify the suitable genotypes. Among the tested genotypes from CVT, ACT-2001-24 produced the highest grain yield (791 kg/ha). Rest of the genotypes were found low yielder than the standard check Preeti (751 kg/ha). All of the genotypes were similar in maturity and there was no significant difference. Similarly, four promising genotypes viz. Morang Tori, ACC#9 l 09, ACC#9 I 18, and Unnati were tested in the five farmers' field of different VDCs of Surkhet district. Morang Tori produced significantly higher yield (830 kg/ha) than the remaining three varieties. There was no significant difference among four tested genotypes in maturity period.

Among the oilseed crops, Toria is grown by majority of the farmers of the mid and far western region . Agriculture Research Station, Dasarathpur Surkhet conducted varietal experiments on Toria during two winter seasons of 2008 and 2009. Twelve CVT genotypes received from National Oilseed Research Program (NORP), Nawalpur Sarlahi, were tested in RCB design with three replications to identify the suitable genotypes. Among the tested genotypes from CVT, ACT-2001-24 produced the highest grain yield (791 kg/ha). Rest of the genotypes were found low yielder than the standard check Preeti (751 kg/ha). All of the genotypes were similar in maturity and there was no significant difference. Similarly, four promising genotypes viz. Morang Tori, ACC#9 l 09, ACC#9 I 18, and Unnati were tested in the five farmers' field of different VDCs of Surkhet district. Morang Tori produced significantly higher yield (830 kg/ha) than the remaining three varieties. There was no significant difference among four tested genotypes in maturity period.

Farmers participatory trials such as Coordinated Farmers' Field Trial (CFFT) and Farmers' Acceptance Test (FAT)) were conducted during two successive wheat growing season of 2008-09 and 2009-10 including four to six different wheat varieties/genotypes in collaboration with District Agriculture Development offices and different NARC research stations at different geographical regions. CFFT was conducted according to standard recommended practices of wheat at farmers' field; however, FAT was grown on farmers' field based on their own practices.......................

Farmers participatory trials such as Coordinated Farmers' Field Trial (CFFT) and Farmers' Acceptance Test (FAT)) were conducted during two successive wheat growing season of 2008-09 and 2009-10 including four to six different wheat varieties/genotypes in collaboration with District Agriculture Development offices and different NARC research stations at different geographical regions. CFFT was conducted according to standard recommended practices of wheat at farmers' field; however, FAT was grown on farmers' field based on their own practices.......................

This study was conducted by National Wheat Research Program (NWRP), Bhairahawa under three main production environments of wheat in Nepal i.e., timely sown irrigated (TSI), late sown irrigated (LSI) and timely sown rainfed (TSR) in collaboration with different NARC stations located across the country to identify suitable wheat genotypes based on both grain yield performance and yield attributing traits over the location and environments. The grain yield data of eight different bread wheat genotypes evaluated in Coordinated Varietal Trial (CVT) across eight locations during 2008-09 and 2009-10 were used in the analysis. Joint regression analysis model where trial mean grain yield was used as independent variables and genotype grain yield was used as dependent variables for determining stability parameters................

This study was conducted by National Wheat Research Program (NWRP), Bhairahawa under three main production environments of wheat in Nepal i.e., timely sown irrigated (TSI), late sown irrigated (LSI) and timely sown rainfed (TSR) in collaboration with different NARC stations located across the country to identify suitable wheat genotypes based on both grain yield performance and yield attributing traits over the location and environments. The grain yield data of eight different bread wheat genotypes evaluated in Coordinated Varietal Trial (CVT) across eight locations during 2008-09 and 2009-10 were used in the analysis. Joint regression analysis model where trial mean grain yield was used as independent variables and genotype grain yield was used as dependent variables for determining stability parameters................

In 2007/08, 2008/09 and 2009/10, hybridization, growing of different generation nurseries (F1-F7), advanced lines (National and International) observation nurseries; different yield trials were conducted at ABO Khumaltar, ARS Jumla. Different numbers of crosses were made by simple and top cross methods targeting high hill condition with diseases resistance especially yellow rust, powdery mildew, smuts and others, higher yield, and better consumption quality. Selected bulks and single genotypes were harvested from the different generations by applying selected bulk and single plant selection method respectively for generation advance suitable for high hill condition of Nepal. Genotypes selected from observation nurseries viz., High Altitude Observation Nursery (HON), Facultative and Winter Wheat Observation Nursery (FAWWON) were advanced for yield trials (High Altitude Yield Trial and Multi-location Yield Trial) at ARS Jumla and Doti.............

In 2007/08, 2008/09 and 2009/10, hybridization, growing of different generation nurseries (F1-F7), advanced lines (National and International) observation nurseries; different yield trials were conducted at ABO Khumaltar, ARS Jumla. Different numbers of crosses were made by simple and top cross methods targeting high hill condition with diseases resistance especially yellow rust, powdery mildew, smuts and others, higher yield, and better consumption quality. Selected bulks and single genotypes were harvested from the different generations by applying selected bulk and single plant selection method respectively for generation advance suitable for high hill condition of Nepal. Genotypes selected from observation nurseries viz., High Altitude Observation Nursery (HON), Facultative and Winter Wheat Observation Nursery (FAWWON) were advanced for yield trials (High Altitude Yield Trial and Multi-location Yield Trial) at ARS Jumla and Doti.............

During 2007/08 to 2009/ 10, hybridization, different generation nurseries,  advanced lines (National and International), observation nurseries and different national and international yield trials under irrigated condition were the breeding activities of ABD, Khumaltar. Targeting the high yield and economical values, resistance to rusts, efficient nutrient use, good bread making quality and wide adaptive, different number of crossings were made. Superior genotypes were selected from the  different generations by applying selected bulk method in early generations and single plant selection method at F5-F6 for generation advance suitable  for  irrigated  condition  of hilly areas. Prolonged drought season was occurred during 2008/09 season which adversely affected on data generation of yield trials and observation nurseries and also off spring generation..................

During 2007/08 to 2009/ 10, hybridization, different generation nurseries,  advanced lines (National and International), observation nurseries and different national and international yield trials under irrigated condition were the breeding activities of ABD, Khumaltar. Targeting the high yield and economical values, resistance to rusts, efficient nutrient use, good bread making quality and wide adaptive, different number of crossings were made. Superior genotypes were selected from the  different generations by applying selected bulk method in early generations and single plant selection method at F5-F6 for generation advance suitable  for  irrigated  condition  of hilly areas. Prolonged drought season was occurred during 2008/09 season which adversely affected on data generation of yield trials and observation nurseries and also off spring generation..................

In 2007/08, 2008/09 and 2009/ 10, hybridization, growing of  different generation nurseries (Fl-F7), advanced lines (National) observation nurseries; different yield trials under rain-fed condition were conducted at ABO Khumaltar, ARS Dailekh and Doti. Different numbers of crosses were made by simple and top cross methods targeting rainfed condition of hills with diseases resistance, higher yield, and better consumption quality. Selected bulks and single genotypes and were harvested from the different generations by applying selected bulk and single plant selection method respectively for generation advance suitable for rainfed condition of hilly areas. Genotypes selected from observation nurseries viz., Hill Rainfed  Nursery (HRN) and Nepal Rainfed Nursery (NRN) were advanced for yield trials namely Micro Plot Yield Trial and Multi-location Yield Trial at ARS Dailekh and at outreach sites of both ARS Dailekh and Doti. During 2007/08 genotypes tested under MPYT(R) in Doti were found significantly different for all traits excluding number of grains per spike.....................

In 2007/08, 2008/09 and 2009/ 10, hybridization, growing of  different generation nurseries (Fl-F7), advanced lines (National) observation nurseries; different yield trials under rain-fed condition were conducted at ABO Khumaltar, ARS Dailekh and Doti. Different numbers of crosses were made by simple and top cross methods targeting rainfed condition of hills with diseases resistance, higher yield, and better consumption quality. Selected bulks and single genotypes and were harvested from the different generations by applying selected bulk and single plant selection method respectively for generation advance suitable for rainfed condition of hilly areas. Genotypes selected from observation nurseries viz., Hill Rainfed  Nursery (HRN) and Nepal Rainfed Nursery (NRN) were advanced for yield trials namely Micro Plot Yield Trial and Multi-location Yield Trial at ARS Dailekh and at outreach sites of both ARS Dailekh and Doti. During 2007/08 genotypes tested under MPYT(R) in Doti were found significantly different for all traits excluding number of grains per spike.....................

In the mid-hills of eastern development region wheat is grown after the harvest of maize and rice. It is necessary to identify the suitable wheat varieties both in rice and maize based systems. Higher grain yield, rust resistance and proper maturity to fit in above systems are the major traits needed for wheat crop. Keeping these realities in view the wheat experiments received from National Wheat Research Program Bhairahawa were evaluated to suit in mid and high hills environments of eastern development region. Coordinated wheat varietal trial consisted of 20 different genotypes were conducted during 2008/09 and 2009/ 10 winter seasons at Agriculture Research Station Pakhribas.....................

In the mid-hills of eastern development region wheat is grown after the harvest of maize and rice. It is necessary to identify the suitable wheat varieties both in rice and maize based systems. Higher grain yield, rust resistance and proper maturity to fit in above systems are the major traits needed for wheat crop. Keeping these realities in view the wheat experiments received from National Wheat Research Program Bhairahawa were evaluated to suit in mid and high hills environments of eastern development region. Coordinated wheat varietal trial consisted of 20 different genotypes were conducted during 2008/09 and 2009/ 10 winter seasons at Agriculture Research Station Pakhribas.....................

Varietal Display and various experiments like  Initial Evaluation Trials (JET) and Coordinated Farmers' Field trials (CFFT) on wheat were conducted at on-station and outreach sites of HCRP (Hill Crops Research Programme), Kahre during winter season of 2008 and 2009. The weather condition for wheat was unfavorable in 2008 as compared to 2009 because of drought. The result shows that in Varietal Display the average grain  yield was found 316 and 834 kg/ha during 2008 and 2009, respectively . The maximum yield of Varietal Display was found in BL 3502 of 1170 kg/ha and in BL 3623 of 1900 kg/ha respectively during 2008 and 2009. During 2008 in Initial Evaluation Trial (IET) most of the agronomic traits except Days to Heading were recorded non-significant...................

Varietal Display and various experiments like  Initial Evaluation Trials (JET) and Coordinated Farmers' Field trials (CFFT) on wheat were conducted at on-station and outreach sites of HCRP (Hill Crops Research Programme), Kahre during winter season of 2008 and 2009. The weather condition for wheat was unfavorable in 2008 as compared to 2009 because of drought. The result shows that in Varietal Display the average grain  yield was found 316 and 834 kg/ha during 2008 and 2009, respectively . The maximum yield of Varietal Display was found in BL 3502 of 1170 kg/ha and in BL 3623 of 1900 kg/ha respectively during 2008 and 2009. During 2008 in Initial Evaluation Trial (IET) most of the agronomic traits except Days to Heading were recorded non-significant...................

Mid and high hills represent about 292460 hectares (42%) of overall wheat area with the production of 393983 metric tons contributing about 29 percent of total wheat production in the country. Wheat trials were composed at NWRP, Bhairahawa and research activities were conducted at ARS, Pakhrivas, ARS,  Kahre,  DOAB, Khumaltar, RARS, Lumle, ARS, Dailekh and ARS, Jumla. Altogether seven wheat research activities were carried out during  2008/09 and 2009/ 1O wheat season. Off season wheat Shuttle breeding nursery was conducted at Marpha to identify genetic stability and yellow rust incidence in wheat generation lines at Marpha. 24th and 25th NRN were tested with I 00 wheat genotypes in 2008 and 2009 wheat  season........................

Mid and high hills represent about 292460 hectares (42%) of overall wheat area with the production of 393983 metric tons contributing about 29 percent of total wheat production in the country. Wheat trials were composed at NWRP, Bhairahawa and research activities were conducted at ARS, Pakhrivas, ARS,  Kahre,  DOAB, Khumaltar, RARS, Lumle, ARS, Dailekh and ARS, Jumla. Altogether seven wheat research activities were carried out during  2008/09 and 2009/ 1O wheat season. Off season wheat Shuttle breeding nursery was conducted at Marpha to identify genetic stability and yellow rust incidence in wheat generation lines at Marpha. 24th and 25th NRN were tested with I 00 wheat genotypes in 2008 and 2009 wheat  season........................

In order to increase the efficiency of embryo yield for wheat haploid production through wheat x maize crosses, effect of floret positions and various methods of 2, 4-D application were investigated. Wheat genotype 'WK P04' was used as female while maize cultivar 'Khumal Yellow' as pollen parent. The experiments consist of 3 floret positions: upper, middle and lower portion of spike and various methods of 2, 4-D application: spikelet culture, tiller injection, detached-tiller, spray, cup-filling, and dipping. Except spikelet culture and control each treatment was provided with I 00 ppm 2, 4-D. Effect of floret positions and 2, 4-D treatments on the recovery of embryos were significant. The middle portion of spike was superior for all the tested parameters. Higher embryo forming efficiency (20.74 percent) was obtained using spikelet culture method due to the availability of favorable cultural conditions.....................

In order to increase the efficiency of embryo yield for wheat haploid production through wheat x maize crosses, effect of floret positions and various methods of 2, 4-D application were investigated. Wheat genotype 'WK P04' was used as female while maize cultivar 'Khumal Yellow' as pollen parent. The experiments consist of 3 floret positions: upper, middle and lower portion of spike and various methods of 2, 4-D application: spikelet culture, tiller injection, detached-tiller, spray, cup-filling, and dipping. Except spikelet culture and control each treatment was provided with I 00 ppm 2, 4-D. Effect of floret positions and 2, 4-D treatments on the recovery of embryos were significant. The middle portion of spike was superior for all the tested parameters. Higher embryo forming efficiency (20.74 percent) was obtained using spikelet culture method due to the availability of favorable cultural conditions.....................

In order to develop suitable wheat varieties with high yield potential and resistant to major diseases various crosses were made using specific parents to increase production and productivity. Segregating generations from F1 to F6 were planted, evaluated and selections were made in both years (2008/09 and 2009/10). Twenty one international screening nurseries and yield trials received from CIMMYT were evaluated, selected and advanced to further evaluation . In 2008/09 and 2009/010, of 894 and 1007 genotypes tested, 231and 262 genotypes were promoted to various experiments for further evaluation respectively....................

In order to develop suitable wheat varieties with high yield potential and resistant to major diseases various crosses were made using specific parents to increase production and productivity. Segregating generations from F1 to F6 were planted, evaluated and selections were made in both years (2008/09 and 2009/10). Twenty one international screening nurseries and yield trials received from CIMMYT were evaluated, selected and advanced to further evaluation . In 2008/09 and 2009/010, of 894 and 1007 genotypes tested, 231and 262 genotypes were promoted to various experiments for further evaluation respectively....................

Permanent raised bed cultivation for rice-wheat cropping system in Nepal  is  a paradigm shift from the conventional practice of planting on puddled flat land. Permanent beds offer the opportunity to reduce tillage, rebuild soil aggregates and organic matter, reduce irrigation water, and improve nitrogen (N) use. The experiment was initiated during winter season, 2000 and is continued till the date at the Agricultural Implement Research Centre, Birgunj, under split plot design: main plot as field configuration and sub-plot as mulching, with four replications. Since 2002/03, the experiment consists with four treatments e.g. fl.at (T1), flat + mulch (T2), bed (T3), and bed + mulch (T4). Rice and wheat straw were used at the rate of 4 tons/ha in each crop season....................

Permanent raised bed cultivation for rice-wheat cropping system in Nepal  is  a paradigm shift from the conventional practice of planting on puddled flat land. Permanent beds offer the opportunity to reduce tillage, rebuild soil aggregates and organic matter, reduce irrigation water, and improve nitrogen (N) use. The experiment was initiated during winter season, 2000 and is continued till the date at the Agricultural Implement Research Centre, Birgunj, under split plot design: main plot as field configuration and sub-plot as mulching, with four replications. Since 2002/03, the experiment consists with four treatments e.g. fl.at (T1), flat + mulch (T2), bed (T3), and bed + mulch (T4). Rice and wheat straw were used at the rate of 4 tons/ha in each crop season....................

Farmers are experiencing labor and time shortage during wheat sowing as there is less turnaround time between rice harvest and wheat sowing. This study was conducted to find out alternative of traditional tillage method of wheat sowing. Traditional tillage method, relay, surface, zero tillage and power tillage wheat sowing were evaluated. Alternate wheat sowing has created better conditions for water and weed control and allows 20-30 days earlier sowing of wheat and reduced the inherent drudgery in traditional wheat sowing. Farmer's tillage practice is labor intensive, costly and requires about 5-6 times plowing at sowing time and often result in delay sowing of wheat. Mean wheat grain yield under relay, surface, power tillage and zero tillage was more (about 21%) than farmer's tillage method.........................

Farmers are experiencing labor and time shortage during wheat sowing as there is less turnaround time between rice harvest and wheat sowing. This study was conducted to find out alternative of traditional tillage method of wheat sowing. Traditional tillage method, relay, surface, zero tillage and power tillage wheat sowing were evaluated. Alternate wheat sowing has created better conditions for water and weed control and allows 20-30 days earlier sowing of wheat and reduced the inherent drudgery in traditional wheat sowing. Farmer's tillage practice is labor intensive, costly and requires about 5-6 times plowing at sowing time and often result in delay sowing of wheat. Mean wheat grain yield under relay, surface, power tillage and zero tillage was more (about 21%) than farmer's tillage method.........................

Five legumes crops; Cow pea Cv. Green long, Rajmah bean Cv. Anupama, Garden pea Cv. Azad, Pole bean Cv. Kentucky wonder, and Broad bean Cv. Local small were planted in newly established mango orchard at regional agriculture research station Parwanipur in subsequent years 2064 and 2065. Experiment was laid out in randomized complete block (RCB) design with five replications. Fertilizer was applied at the rate of 80:60:40 kg N:P205:K20/ha and 15 tons farm yard manure per hectare. The main objective of the study was to find out a suitable legume crop for better yield and more economic return in newly established mango orchard. On the basis of green pods yield and economical benefit, Rajmah gave significantly highest green pod yield (5,043 kg/ha) and economical net benefit of Rs.12,720 /ha followed by Pole bean (2,577 kg /ha and Rs.53,080/ha) These two winter crops are recommended for inter­ cropping in young mango orchard.

Five legumes crops; Cow pea Cv. Green long, Rajmah bean Cv. Anupama, Garden pea Cv. Azad, Pole bean Cv. Kentucky wonder, and Broad bean Cv. Local small were planted in newly established mango orchard at regional agriculture research station Parwanipur in subsequent years 2064 and 2065. Experiment was laid out in randomized complete block (RCB) design with five replications. Fertilizer was applied at the rate of 80:60:40 kg N:P205:K20/ha and 15 tons farm yard manure per hectare. The main objective of the study was to find out a suitable legume crop for better yield and more economic return in newly established mango orchard. On the basis of green pods yield and economical benefit, Rajmah gave significantly highest green pod yield (5,043 kg/ha) and economical net benefit of Rs.12,720 /ha followed by Pole bean (2,577 kg /ha and Rs.53,080/ha) These two winter crops are recommended for inter­ cropping in young mango orchard.

An experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nepalgunj in the years 2007 and 2009 with the objective to evaluate locally available storage structures for lentil seed storage. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design with eight treatments and three replications. Storage structures (treatments) used for the experiment were: Ghyampo (500 mm high, diameter-200 mm), Cotton cloth bag  (length-400mm, breadth-250mm), Fertilizer sack (length- 600mm, breadth-300 mm), Polylined jute bag (length-700mm, breadth-250 mm lined with 200 gauge plastic), plastic bags of 500 and I 000 gauge, Plastic jars (height-400 mm, diameter-200 mm) and Metal box (26 gauge, UB-250mm, height-400 mm with 100 mm diameter opening in the top center).....................

An experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nepalgunj in the years 2007 and 2009 with the objective to evaluate locally available storage structures for lentil seed storage. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design with eight treatments and three replications. Storage structures (treatments) used for the experiment were: Ghyampo (500 mm high, diameter-200 mm), Cotton cloth bag  (length-400mm, breadth-250mm), Fertilizer sack (length- 600mm, breadth-300 mm), Polylined jute bag (length-700mm, breadth-250 mm lined with 200 gauge plastic), plastic bags of 500 and I 000 gauge, Plastic jars (height-400 mm, diameter-200 mm) and Metal box (26 gauge, UB-250mm, height-400 mm with 100 mm diameter opening in the top center).....................

An experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nepalgunj in the years 2007 and 2009 with the objective to evaluate locally available storage structures for lentil seed storage. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design with eight treatments and three replications. Storage structures (treatments) used for the experiment were: Ghyampo (500 mm high, diameter-200 mm), Cotton cloth bag  (length-400mm, breadth-250mm), Fertilizer sack (length- 600mm, breadth-300 mm), Polylined jute bag (length-700mm, breadth-250 mm lined with 200 gauge plastic), plastic bags of 500 and I 000 gauge, Plastic jars (height-400 mm, diameter-200 mm) and Metal box (26 gauge, UB-250mm, height-400 mm with 100 mm diameter opening in the top center).....................

An experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nepalgunj in the years 2007 and 2009 with the objective to evaluate locally available storage structures for lentil seed storage. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design with eight treatments and three replications. Storage structures (treatments) used for the experiment were: Ghyampo (500 mm high, diameter-200 mm), Cotton cloth bag  (length-400mm, breadth-250mm), Fertilizer sack (length- 600mm, breadth-300 mm), Polylined jute bag (length-700mm, breadth-250 mm lined with 200 gauge plastic), plastic bags of 500 and I 000 gauge, Plastic jars (height-400 mm, diameter-200 mm) and Metal box (26 gauge, UB-250mm, height-400 mm with 100 mm diameter opening in the top center).....................

Potassium is a major component of the earth's crust and one of the major plant nutrients for crop production. An experiment was conducted using WK 1204 Wheat variety during the FY. 2007/08 to 2009/ 10 wheat seasons to determine effect of different level of potassium for higher wheat production in sandy loam and acidic soil of National Maize Research Program-farm, Rampur, Nepal. The Experiment was in Randomized Complete Block Design  with  four replications.  Three years data analysis showed that application of various levels of potassium produced statistically significant difference on grain yield, thousand...................

Potassium is a major component of the earth's crust and one of the major plant nutrients for crop production. An experiment was conducted using WK 1204 Wheat variety during the FY. 2007/08 to 2009/ 10 wheat seasons to determine effect of different level of potassium for higher wheat production in sandy loam and acidic soil of National Maize Research Program-farm, Rampur, Nepal. The Experiment was in Randomized Complete Block Design  with  four replications.  Three years data analysis showed that application of various levels of potassium produced statistically significant difference on grain yield, thousand...................

Field experiments were conducted during winter seasons of 2008/09 and 2009/ 10, on acidic and sandy loam soils of Regional Agricultural Research Station, Parwanipur to study the response of different nitrogen levels on seed yield and yield attributes of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). There was a linear increase in seed yield with increasing level of nitrogen from 0 up to 120 kg ha-1 , during the both years. Significant differences in plant height, number of pod/plant, pod length, filled and unfilled pod/plant and 1000 seed weight were recorded at each level of nitrogen compared to control. Based on two year's result, the maximum (15.85) agronomic efficiency of applied nitrogen was found with 60 kg N ha-1.

Field experiments were conducted during winter seasons of 2008/09 and 2009/ 10, on acidic and sandy loam soils of Regional Agricultural Research Station, Parwanipur to study the response of different nitrogen levels on seed yield and yield attributes of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). There was a linear increase in seed yield with increasing level of nitrogen from 0 up to 120 kg ha-1 , during the both years. Significant differences in plant height, number of pod/plant, pod length, filled and unfilled pod/plant and 1000 seed weight were recorded at each level of nitrogen compared to control. Based on two year's result, the maximum (15.85) agronomic efficiency of applied nitrogen was found with 60 kg N ha-1.

An experiment was carried  out during February, 2009 and the same was repeated  in February,  2010 . Sole cultural  management  practices  (viz. trash  mulching,  early light earthing up,  furrow application  of chlorpyriphos)  as well  as their  combination  with each other, were tested against early shoot borer on sugarcane plantation. The highest cane yield was produced  from the plots treated with all three cultural  practices  (i.e. furrow  application  of  chlorpyriphos  at the  rate  of  1  kg  a.i  (active  ingredient)  per hectare  plus  10 cm  thick  trash  mulching  immediately  after planting  plus  two  light earthing up at 45 and 60 days after planting)................

An experiment was carried  out during February, 2009 and the same was repeated  in February,  2010 . Sole cultural  management  practices  (viz. trash  mulching,  early light earthing up,  furrow application  of chlorpyriphos)  as well  as their  combination  with each other, were tested against early shoot borer on sugarcane plantation. The highest cane yield was produced  from the plots treated with all three cultural  practices  (i.e. furrow  application  of  chlorpyriphos  at the  rate  of  1  kg  a.i  (active  ingredient)  per hectare  plus  10 cm  thick  trash  mulching  immediately  after planting  plus  two  light earthing up at 45 and 60 days after planting)................

An experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nepalgunj in the years 2007 and 2009 with a view to find out the effectiveness of some locally available non-chemical grain protectants for lentil seed storage. The experiment consisted of eleven treatments with three replications  in Completely Randomized Design. The treatments were: Lentil + sawdust  1:l (v/v); lentil + ash 2: l (v/v); lentil + ash 4: 1 (v/v) lentil + fine sand 2: l (v/v); lentil + fine sand 4: l (v/v); Groundnut oil @ 5 ml/kg seed; Sesame oil @ 5 ml/kg seed; Dried neem leaves powder @ 100 g/kg seed; Dried neem leaves powder @ 50 g/kg seed; Household lime @ 10 g/kg seed and Control (lentil seeds only)...........

An experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nepalgunj in the years 2007 and 2009 with a view to find out the effectiveness of some locally available non-chemical grain protectants for lentil seed storage. The experiment consisted of eleven treatments with three replications  in Completely Randomized Design. The treatments were: Lentil + sawdust  1:l (v/v); lentil + ash 2: l (v/v); lentil + ash 4: 1 (v/v) lentil + fine sand 2: l (v/v); lentil + fine sand 4: l (v/v); Groundnut oil @ 5 ml/kg seed; Sesame oil @ 5 ml/kg seed; Dried neem leaves powder @ 100 g/kg seed; Dried neem leaves powder @ 50 g/kg seed; Household lime @ 10 g/kg seed and Control (lentil seeds only)...........

Resistant genotypes and  cultivars against Ug99 and yellow rust were scaled up and promoted in farmers fields for increased genetic diversity, Elite genotypes identified resistant were BL3503, BL323S, WKl 182, WK1481, NL971, WK1023, BL2879, BL2739   and   BL2818.   The   genotypes   WK1444,   WK1581,   BL3128   WK1023, WK1320, BL3587 and NL1004 recorded seedling susceptibility and adult plant resistance. The cultivar, WK 1204 released as yellow rust resistant is preferred by farmers and has increased coverage. Pasang Lahmu is liked mostly at Ratnechur of Myagdi district and is still showing durable resistance to yellow rust............

Resistant genotypes and  cultivars against Ug99 and yellow rust were scaled up and promoted in farmers fields for increased genetic diversity, Elite genotypes identified resistant were BL3503, BL323S, WKl 182, WK1481, NL971, WK1023, BL2879, BL2739   and   BL2818.   The   genotypes   WK1444,   WK1581,   BL3128   WK1023, WK1320, BL3587 and NL1004 recorded seedling susceptibility and adult plant resistance. The cultivar, WK 1204 released as yellow rust resistant is preferred by farmers and has increased coverage. Pasang Lahmu is liked mostly at Ratnechur of Myagdi district and is still showing durable resistance to yellow rust............

Spot blotch disease caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) shoem. is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) in plain areas of Nepal. Triazoles fungicides are expensive but effective against the disease. The experiment was conducted to identify the most efficient spray schedules of Tilt (Propiconazole 25 ec) fungicide against spot blotch disease in wheat. The experiment was carried out at National Wheat Research Program, Bhairahawa, Nepal in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications and 12 treatments..............

Spot blotch disease caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) shoem. is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) in plain areas of Nepal. Triazoles fungicides are expensive but effective against the disease. The experiment was conducted to identify the most efficient spray schedules of Tilt (Propiconazole 25 ec) fungicide against spot blotch disease in wheat. The experiment was carried out at National Wheat Research Program, Bhairahawa, Nepal in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications and 12 treatments..............

Spot blotch, caused by Cochliobolus sativus, is a major disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Nepal. A total of 48 monoconidial isolates of C. sativus collected from different locations in Nepal were analyzed for cultural and morphological characteristics. Among them, II isolates (CS 2 (hill), CS 9 (hill,) CS JO (hill), CS 12 (hill), CS 15 (hill), CS 17 (hill), CS 19 (hill), CS 24 (hill), CS 33 (plain), CS 37 (plain), and CS 45 (plain)) varied greatly in colony appearances such as color of the substrate, margin, z.onation, sectoring, and exudation. These 1 1 isolates plus CS 32 (plain) and CS 49 (plain) were selected and evaluated for virulence on eight wheat genotypes (Chirya 1, Chirya-7, Milan/Shanghai?, SW 89-5422, PBW 343, BL 1473, BL 3036, and RR 21) at the seedling stage in a greenhouse............

Spot blotch, caused by Cochliobolus sativus, is a major disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Nepal. A total of 48 monoconidial isolates of C. sativus collected from different locations in Nepal were analyzed for cultural and morphological characteristics. Among them, II isolates (CS 2 (hill), CS 9 (hill,) CS JO (hill), CS 12 (hill), CS 15 (hill), CS 17 (hill), CS 19 (hill), CS 24 (hill), CS 33 (plain), CS 37 (plain), and CS 45 (plain)) varied greatly in colony appearances such as color of the substrate, margin, z.onation, sectoring, and exudation. These 1 1 isolates plus CS 32 (plain) and CS 49 (plain) were selected and evaluated for virulence on eight wheat genotypes (Chirya 1, Chirya-7, Milan/Shanghai?, SW 89-5422, PBW 343, BL 1473, BL 3036, and RR 21) at the seedling stage in a greenhouse............

Spot blotch disease caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) shoem. is the most serious diseases of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) in plain areas of Nepal. Nutrient management palpably influences the intensity of the disease. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of various levels of phosphorus and potash, and their interactions on intensity of spot blotch disease of wheat. The experiment was carried out at National Wheat Research Program , Bhairahawa, Nepal in split-split plot design with three replications for two consecutive years...................

Spot blotch disease caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) shoem. is the most serious diseases of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) in plain areas of Nepal. Nutrient management palpably influences the intensity of the disease. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of various levels of phosphorus and potash, and their interactions on intensity of spot blotch disease of wheat. The experiment was carried out at National Wheat Research Program , Bhairahawa, Nepal in split-split plot design with three replications for two consecutive years...................

This study was undertaken with a view to identify stempbylium blight (Stemphy/ium botryosum Wair.) and wilt (Fusarium orysporum fsp. lentis Vasudeva and Srinivasan)/root rot (mainly species of Rhizoctonia and Fusarium ) resistant/ tolerant genotypes of lentil under field condition. Two different nurseries viz. stemphylium blight screening nursery and wilt/root rot screening nursery were conducted in rod row design between 2007/08 and 2009/10 at Nepalgunj and Rampur. Stemphylium blight nursery comprised of 121 genotypes including checks while wilt/root rot screening nursery consisted of 42 lentil genotypes.....................

This study was undertaken with a view to identify stempbylium blight (Stemphy/ium botryosum Wair.) and wilt (Fusarium orysporum fsp. lentis Vasudeva and Srinivasan)/root rot (mainly species of Rhizoctonia and Fusarium ) resistant/ tolerant genotypes of lentil under field condition. Two different nurseries viz. stemphylium blight screening nursery and wilt/root rot screening nursery were conducted in rod row design between 2007/08 and 2009/10 at Nepalgunj and Rampur. Stemphylium blight nursery comprised of 121 genotypes including checks while wilt/root rot screening nursery consisted of 42 lentil genotypes.....................

Lentil (Lens culanaris L.) and Chickpea (Cicer arietium L) are the major cool season crops of Nepal which provides the cheapest source of protein particularly to the poor people and are indispensable to the existing cropping system due to their role in soil, human health and crop diversity. Lentil and chickpea suffers from a range of biotic and abiotic stresses. Of the biotic stresses, vascular wilt (a fungal, soil borne disease) (Fusarium oxysporum fsp lentis and ciceri) in lentil and chickpea is the most devastating . Wilt/root rots of chickpea and lentil are serious diseases of Nepal.

Lentil (Lens culanaris L.) and Chickpea (Cicer arietium L) are the major cool season crops of Nepal which provides the cheapest source of protein particularly to the poor people and are indispensable to the existing cropping system due to their role in soil, human health and crop diversity. Lentil and chickpea suffers from a range of biotic and abiotic stresses. Of the biotic stresses, vascular wilt (a fungal, soil borne disease) (Fusarium oxysporum fsp lentis and ciceri) in lentil and chickpea is the most devastating . Wilt/root rots of chickpea and lentil are serious diseases of Nepal.

This experiment was undertaken with a view to study various IDM components for managing white mold. disease of rajma (Phaseolus vulgaris). This activity was conducted between 2007/08 and 2009/10 . Four sub-activities were carried out under the main activity. These included the use of bio-control agents, fungicides, screening rajma genotypes for white mold (WM) resistance/tolerance and variety cum date of planting. Studies on the use of bio-control agents were conducted in 2007/08 and 2009/10. In 2007/08 Trichoderma harzianum seed treatment plus soil application had the least disease severity. 'However, the differences among various treatments were non-significant. Similar results were obtained also in 2009/10..................

This experiment was undertaken with a view to study various IDM components for managing white mold. disease of rajma (Phaseolus vulgaris). This activity was conducted between 2007/08 and 2009/10 . Four sub-activities were carried out under the main activity. These included the use of bio-control agents, fungicides, screening rajma genotypes for white mold (WM) resistance/tolerance and variety cum date of planting. Studies on the use of bio-control agents were conducted in 2007/08 and 2009/10. In 2007/08 Trichoderma harzianum seed treatment plus soil application had the least disease severity. 'However, the differences among various treatments were non-significant. Similar results were obtained also in 2009/10..................

Of the 27 and 34 rapeseed and mustard genotypes received from national as well as international institutions evaluated in the experiment under field condition during two successive seasons 2008 & 2009 in a rod-row design with a plot size of 3 rows of 4m long with susceptible check at NORP Nawalpur , even not a single genotype showed resistant reaction to alternaria blight (Alternaria brassicae) in both test years in the crop however, 9 & 7 cultivars of rapeseed & mustard were found moderately.................

Of the 27 and 34 rapeseed and mustard genotypes received from national as well as international institutions evaluated in the experiment under field condition during two successive seasons 2008 & 2009 in a rod-row design with a plot size of 3 rows of 4m long with susceptible check at NORP Nawalpur , even not a single genotype showed resistant reaction to alternaria blight (Alternaria brassicae) in both test years in the crop however, 9 & 7 cultivars of rapeseed & mustard were found moderately.................

The experiment was carried out in 2008/09, 2009/ 10 and 2010/ 1 I at Sugarcane Research Programme, Jeetpur, Bara. In all the three years of experimentation a plot of 2x3.6m with three replications was used. There were fifteen sugarcane genotypes in nursery in all the years. Plots were fertilized at the rate of 150:60:40 kg NPK/ha out of which fifty percent nitrogen and all P and K were given as basal and remaining nitrogen was given in two equal doses at 50-60 and  75-85 days after planting respectively. In first year all the tested sugarcane genotypes showed red rot infection but only three genotypes such as COP-94163 (6.8 cm), C0-97018 (6.6 cm) and B0- 130 (5.4 cm) had relatively higher percentage of infection and all the sugarcane genotypes were infected but showed resistant reactions to red rot.................

The experiment was carried out in 2008/09, 2009/ 10 and 2010/ 1 I at Sugarcane Research Programme, Jeetpur, Bara. In all the three years of experimentation a plot of 2x3.6m with three replications was used. There were fifteen sugarcane genotypes in nursery in all the years. Plots were fertilized at the rate of 150:60:40 kg NPK/ha out of which fifty percent nitrogen and all P and K were given as basal and remaining nitrogen was given in two equal doses at 50-60 and  75-85 days after planting respectively. In first year all the tested sugarcane genotypes showed red rot infection but only three genotypes such as COP-94163 (6.8 cm), C0-97018 (6.6 cm) and B0- 130 (5.4 cm) had relatively higher percentage of infection and all the sugarcane genotypes were infected but showed resistant reactions to red rot.................

Alternaria blight caused by Alternaria brassicae is a major disease of rapeseed in Nepal so, an experiment was established at National Oilseed Research Programme in RCBD with eight treatments and each treatment replicated thrice including bio-agents and fungicide with control plot for two consecutive seasons 2008 and 2009. Among them, mixing of Trichoderma viridae @ 1Og/ kg well decomposed compost and incorporated in the soil at the rate of 10 ton/ha was found effective in controlling the disease appeared on leaves..................

Alternaria blight caused by Alternaria brassicae is a major disease of rapeseed in Nepal so, an experiment was established at National Oilseed Research Programme in RCBD with eight treatments and each treatment replicated thrice including bio-agents and fungicide with control plot for two consecutive seasons 2008 and 2009. Among them, mixing of Trichoderma viridae @ 1Og/ kg well decomposed compost and incorporated in the soil at the rate of 10 ton/ha was found effective in controlling the disease appeared on leaves..................

The result of wheat trials conducted in three different domains, (I) irrigated lower-wet land Mahilwar (2) Rainfed middle wet-land Sanda and (3) rainfed lower wet-land Barrohiya of NWRP command area are summarized in this report. The promising wheat genotype for upland rainfed at Sanda and irrigated condition of Mahilwar was BL 3623 (4233 and 3250grain yield kg/ha respectively) . However under rainfed low land condition at Barrohiya Gautam was only the high yielder than rest of the tested genotypes.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

The result of wheat trials conducted in three different domains, (I) irrigated lower-wet land Mahilwar (2) Rainfed middle wet-land Sanda and (3) rainfed lower wet-land Barrohiya of NWRP command area are summarized in this report. The promising wheat genotype for upland rainfed at Sanda and irrigated condition of Mahilwar was BL 3623 (4233 and 3250grain yield kg/ha respectively) . However under rainfed low land condition at Barrohiya Gautam was only the high yielder than rest of the tested genotypes.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

The government of Nepal has been framing and adopting different agricultural policies from time to time for meeting its developmental goals. fnitially the focus was on broad based development of the country as mentioned in the Agricultural Perspective Plan (1995). Development issues changed by the time and, now the policy focus is on broad based, inclusive and environmentally sustainable economy  as a three-in-one model of development..............

The government of Nepal has been framing and adopting different agricultural policies from time to time for meeting its developmental goals. fnitially the focus was on broad based development of the country as mentioned in the Agricultural Perspective Plan (1995). Development issues changed by the time and, now the policy focus is on broad based, inclusive and environmentally sustainable economy  as a three-in-one model of development..............

Application of appropriate dose of nitrification  inhibitor and nitrogenous fertilizers is the prime concern of climate change and rainfed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, two nitrification inhibitors : ammonium sulphate and neem oil  were tested to study the effect of nitrification inhibitor and the performance of wheat yield at Khumaltar during the year 2009 to 2010. The experiment was conducted in closed chambers in RCBD design with 7 treatments and 4 replications.  Wheat yield ranged from 1 .25 to 2.89 ton/ha and the carbon emissions from 44.59 to 125.35 mg/m2/hr was found in the study......................

Application of appropriate dose of nitrification  inhibitor and nitrogenous fertilizers is the prime concern of climate change and rainfed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, two nitrification inhibitors : ammonium sulphate and neem oil  were tested to study the effect of nitrification inhibitor and the performance of wheat yield at Khumaltar during the year 2009 to 2010. The experiment was conducted in closed chambers in RCBD design with 7 treatments and 4 replications.  Wheat yield ranged from 1 .25 to 2.89 ton/ha and the carbon emissions from 44.59 to 125.35 mg/m2/hr was found in the study......................