Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Work... Catalogue en ligne

in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

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Title :	Performance of IRRI bred rice hybrids and future strategy for development of hybrid rice in Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Shambhu Prasad Khatiwada ; Surya Narayan Sah ; Ram Baran Yadaw ; Umesh Sah ; Joshi, Bal K.
Pagination:	1-8 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Hybrid rice ; CMS lines strategies; grain yield
Abstract:	Cultivation of inbred rice varieties is not sufficient to meet the food demand of ever increasing population of the country. National Rice Research Program, Hardinath evaluated IRRJ bred rice hybrids through INGER networks in 2004, 2005 and 2012 for identifying high yielding suitable rice hybrids in the country. The field experiments were conducted in augmented design, consisting of 31 hybrids and eight checks, replicated five times in 2004, and 63 hybrids and eight checks, replicated thrice in 2005. In 2012, it was conducted in RCB design with three replications having 25 hybrids and three check varieties. Grain yield difference was statistically significant among the hybrids in 2004 but it was not significant in 2005 and 2012. However, remarkable high yielding hybrids were identified each year compared to checks. In 2004, I I genotypes produced higher yield than Sabitri (4.4 tfha) on the basis of yield of Sabitri plus standard error of the mean (>4.4 t+0.88) but six hybrids showed >30 % higher yield than Sabitri i.e. IR80786H and IR79140H by 34%, IR79168H, IR80633H and TR8078 I H by 36.4% and TR80634H by 50% . Based on the yield plus the standard error of the mean (5 .2 t+0.88) only IR80634H produced the higher grain yield than international check IR75207H (5 .2tfha). ln 2005, highest yielding genotypes were IR80635H, IR81962H, TR80627H and IR81247H that produced the grain yield of 5.7 t/ha, 5.7 tfha, 5.4 tfha and 5.1 tfha, respectively and these three superior yields were in order of 42.5%, 35% and 27.5% higher to the yield of Sabitri. Similarly, in 2012 four hybrids that produced the grain yield >5.0 tfha were IR90872H (5 .6tfha), IR82391 H (5 .3 tfha), IR82366H (5.1 tfha) and IRRII67 (5.1 tfha) which were 43 .6%, 35.9% and 30.1% higher to Sabitri (3.9 tfha). These high yielding hybrids had other desirable agronomic traits to fit in prevailing rice cropping system. Nepal has recently received the membership to international hybrid rice consortium to strengthen hybrid rice research in the cotmtry and NARC is eligible to get support for advancing hybrid rice research from IRRI. NRRP-NARC has formulated the short and long term strategies for hybrid rice research and development. The short term strategy includes the identification of introduced hybrids and introduction of their A, B and R lines, while the long term strategy considers the development of A, B and R lines from own germplasm. In addition to IRRI, NARC is also looking forward for collaboration with Chinese Government for hybrid rice development in the country.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Varietal improvement on vegetable soybean in the mid hills of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Resham Neupane ; Shrestha, Renuka ; Santosh Raj Tripathi ; Amrit Paudel ; Sushil Raj Subedi
Pagination:	9-14 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	soybean ; legume mid-hills of Nepal seed yield
Abstract:	Soybean (Glycine max, L Merril) is the important summer legume in terms of area and production in Nepal. It is now a days becoming popular for vegetable purpose in green pod stage, Till now only one variety, Tarkari Bhatmas-1 has been released for vegetable purpose. Several exotic and local genotypes of vegetable soybean were evaluated at three locationsAgronomy Division, Khumaltar, Hill Crops Research Program (HCRP) and Regional Agriculture Research Station (RARS) Lumle in order to identify and select suitable genotypes for the mid hills . In coordinated varietal trial at Khumaltar, AGS-361 (2191 kg/ha), AGS-378 (2011kg/ha) and AGS-377 (1982kg/ha) were promising genotypes in terms of seed yield. Differences in maturity period and hundred seed weight was highly significant among the tested genotypes in the year 2009/ 10, whereas in the year 20 I 0/11 in coordinated varietal trial at Khumaltar, AGS-381 (183 8kg/ha) and AGS-364 ( 1779kg/ha) produced higher yields than check variety Sathiya. In HCRP, Kabre and RARS, Lumle, the genotype AGS-361 produced higher yields than standard check variety. Tn the farmers' field trial at Khumaltar, HCRP Kabre and RARS Lumle, the genotypes AGS-378 and AGS-351 were found promising in terms of seed yield.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Performance of evaluation of rice and its economic importance in high hills of Jumla
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Ram Bahadur Bhujel ; Paras Mani Mahat ; Chet bahadur Rana ; Laxman lal Shrestha ; Sudeep Subedi
Pagination:	15-21 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	stable ; consumption indigenous genotypes significant
Abstract:	During the period of three years 2067/2068 to 2069/2070, Agriculture Research Station (ARS) Jumla carried out Jumla varietal trials in randomized complete block design including ten genotypes in three replications in 6m2 plot area for each entry. The fertilizers were applied at the rate of 80 :3 0:30 kglha of nitrogen, phosphorous and potash. The recommended variety Chandannath-3 was included as standard check. The statistical analysis showed the parameters like days to flowering, days to 80 per cent maturity, plant height and yield during 2067/068 and 068/069 as significant (p<O.Ol) while during 2069/070, days to 80 per cent maturity and plant height were significantly differently (p<0.05 and 0.0 l respectively); and days to flowering and yield were non-significant. The genotype NR-10481-B-11-1-l-l was found to be highest mean grain yielder (5870 kglha) in 067/068 followed by the genotype NR- 10479-B-33-2-1-1(5833 .00 kglha) and K-39-96-l-1-1-2 (5347.00 kglha), respectively. Similarly, during the year 068/069 the genotype K-39-96-1-1-1-2 was recorded highest in mean grain yield with 6347.00 kg/ha followed by NR-1 0695-B-B-B-5 (6325.33 kglha) and NR-10481-B-11-1-1-1 (6209.00 kglha) while in 069/070 the genotype NR-10479-B-33-2-1-1 gave highest mean grain yield of 6194.33 kg/ha followed by the genotypes NR-1 0482-B-! 0- 3-2-2 (6172 kg/ha) and K-39-96-1-1-1-2 (5347 kg!ha). Above genotypes were observed really competitive in the region, however, the pooled analysis of three years (067/068-069/070) revealed the genotypes NR-10479-B-33-2-1-1, NR-10482-B-10-3-2-2 and NR-10481-B-11-1- 1-1 as superior among the entries producing 5877.48, 5846.56 and 5803.00 kg/ha average yield. The three years combined analysis showed the interaction between the grain yield as a factor and year significant (p<O.O 1) while the effect of year was non-significant This proved the stable nature of genotypes in production at high hill region and needs to be recommended in near future for better production to contribute food security and reduce subsidy for rice transportation in the region.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Evaluation of bean (Phoscolous vulgaris) as an important pulse and cash crop in Jumla and similar high hill region of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Ram Bahadur Bhujel ; Paras Mani Mahat ; Chet bahadur Rana ; Laxman lal Shrestha ; Sudeep Subedi
Pagination:	22-27 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Bean ; indigenous diversified genotypes significant
Abstract:	Bean is a most important pulse crop of Jtu11la and Karna li region as a whole. It is also an indigenous crop of the region which is highly diversified. Among the scope of exporting local products, bean is a highly potential crop in Jumla. Agriculture Research Station, Vijayanagar, Jumla has been conducting varietal tri als on this crop s ince last few yea rs. Some entries were co llected loca lly which were also included in the experiment. At the station it was carried out in three replications with six treatments in 9m2 plot for each entry. Experiments were carried out during 067/068 to 069/070. Fertilizers were applied @ 100:60:40 kg nitrogen, phosphorous and potash!ha. Generally the seeding was done during second to third week of Ashadh and harvested in third to fourth week of Ashwin. The result revealed the differences in the yie ld due to genotypes as non-significant in 067/068 while the y ield during 068/069 and 069/070 was significant at p<O.OJ level. Despite non-significant differences in yield during 067/068, the genotype PB-000 1 was superior which produced 2740.67 kglha average yield followed by KBL-1 (2266.33 kg/ha) and KBL-2 (2047.33 kg/ha), respectively. Similarly, during the year 068/069, the genotype KBL-3 recorded highest mean grain yie ld of 2908.33 kg/ba followed by PB-0002 (2241.00 kg/ha) and PB-0001 (2095.00 kglha) while in 069/070 the genotype KBL-3 led other genotypes in yield by producing 2497.00 kg/ha followed by KBL-1 (2006.67 kg/ha) and KBL-2 (1868.00 kg/ha), respectively. The combined analysis of three years' result showed the effect of year as non-significant while the yie ld performance was significant (p<0.05). Interaction between year and yield was significant (p<O.O 1) and the genotype KBL-3 was found to be superior in tlu-ee years' yield performance which obtained an average yie ld of2343.67 kg/ha followed by PB-0001 (2002.44 kg/ha) and KBL-1 (1982 .56 kg/ha), respectively. The yie lds of the genotypes seem to be stable in the years of experiment and need to be promoted for better production in fi.Iture. KBL-3 is local collection while PB- 0001 is from outside the region . These tlu-ee genotypes PB-0001 , KBL-1 and KBL-3 need to be disseminated in the region .
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Identification and dissemination of high yielding varieties of quality protein maize in the river basin areas of mid western hills of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Anil Pokhrel ; Keshav Raj Pokhrel ; Gam Bahadur Pun ; Nain Singh Chhetri ; Jhalak Prasad Dhakal ; Tara bahadur Ghimire, Author ; Chitra Bahadur Kunwar, Author
Pagination:	28-32 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Maize ; QPM CVT CFFT
Abstract:	Maize (Zea mays L.) is the important cereal crop in Nepal and the main stable food crop for the hill people. Quality Protein Maize (QPM) is maize with high nutritive value of endosperm protein with twice the content of limiting amino acids lysine and tryptophan compared to normal maize. Replacing the normal maize by QPM is the most effective and attractive measure to meet protein needs and rise human nutritional status of the hill people. Considering these facts a series of experiments, Coordinated Varietal Trial (CVT) and Coordinated Farmers Field Trial (CFFT) at station and its outreach sites (Ramghat, Maintada and Gumi) of ARS, Surkhet were conducted during the normal growing seasons of 20 ll and 2012 with the objectives of identification and dissemination of high yielding QPM varieties in the river basin areas of mid-western hill of Nepal. A total of 13 and 5 QPM genotypes with farmer's variety were evaluated in CVT and CFFT in two consecutive years of20 11 and 2012 respectively. Out of 14 genotypes tested under CVT, genotypes: S03 TL YQ-AB-02 (3295 kg/ha), Poshilo Makai-1 (3209 kg/ha) and Rampur S03-FQ02 (2998 kglha) were superior for grain yield and husk cover but were non-significant with farmers variety (3233 kg/ha). Similarly in CFFT, out of 5 QPM genotypes tested, genotypes: 303-TLYQ-AB-01 (3277 kg/ha) and S03-TL YQ-AB-02 (3071 kg/ha) were superior in grain yield but were found nonsignificant with farmer's variety (3073 kg/ha) .
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Soybean varietal investigation in river basin area of mid-western Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Anil Pokhrel ; Keshav Raj Pokhrel ; Khim Bahadur BC ; Tara bahadur Ghimire, Author
Pagination:	33-35 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	genotypes ; grain yield nodulaiton productivity soybean
Abstract:	With the view to select superior cultivar for the western mid hills, a coordinated varietal trial CVT) was conducted at Agriculture Research Station,Dasharathpur, Surkhetduring 20 I 0-2012 including 14 genotypes, involving one check variety (Puja), obta ined from National Grain Legume Research Program, Rampur, in Randomaized Complete Block Design with four replications. The genotypes were found to be significantly different in terms of grain yield and highly significant for hundred seed weight, plant height, days to flowering and days to maturity. However, there was no significantly difference for nodulation, number of pods per plant and seeds per pods. Three years combined analysis of the data revealed that genotype G- 4504, was fotmd to be the highest yielder(2169.6 kgfha.) followed by lARS 87-1 (2080.2 kgfha) and AGS-376 ( 1996.7 kgfha) .
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Agro-morphological characterization of Nepalese Rice (Oryza sativa) L. Landraces
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Krishna Hari Ghimire ; Mukunda Bhattarai ; Bal Krishna Joshi ; Madan Raj Bhatta, Author
Pagination:	36-42 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	rice ; landrace accession diversity traits
Abstract:	Nepal is considered one of the centers of diversity of Rice (Oryza sativa L.). A total of 1137 accessions of rice were characterized during 2010, 2011 and 2012 at National Agriculhire Genetic Resources Centre (NAGRC), Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal. Eight quantitative and 19 qualitative traits were recorded using rice descriptors Shannon-Weaver diversity indices (H') was 0.92, 0.90, 0.90, 0.89, 0.86, 0.90, 0.88, 0.88, 0.67, 0.67 , 0.54, 0.69, 0.57, 0.55 , 0.74, 0.84, 0.85, 0.80 and 0.66 for days to head ing and maturity, plant height, panicle length, ligule length, leaf length and width, grain length a11d width, blade pubescence, basal leaf sheath color, flag leaf angle, culm angle, internode color, panicle exertion, shattering, awn color, apiculus color and spikelet sterility respectively that revealed there is a great diversity in Nepalese rice landraces. To exp lain 60% of the total variation, access ions were clustered in 36 clusters based on Gower's distance (quantitative and qualitat ive traits) and in 8 clusters only based on Eucli dean's distance (quantitative traits). Rice landraces Seto marsi from Kaski, Pakhe and Darmali from Lamjung, Anga and Jarneli from Rasuwa, Anadi from Sindhupalchok and Jumli dhan and Kalo marsi from Jumla were found superior based on preliminary evaluation of important traits yie ld, disease, grain texture and maturity and considered to be important in crop improvement.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Enhancing the productivity of soybean through the breeding improvement in upland rainfed ecosystem
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Rajendra Darai ; Surendra Yadav ; Gun Bahadur Gurung ; Rewati Raman Chaudhary ; Santosh Raj Tripathi, Author ; Tara bahadur Ghimire, Author
Pagination:	43-57 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	soybean ; genotypes conventional breeding high yielding wider adaptation
Abstract:	Considering the importance of soybean crops, genotypes collected from ITT A, Nigeria, A VRDC Taiwan and local landraces were evaluated in observation screening nursery, coordina~ed varietal trial and participatory trial to compare the yield potential and insectdisease reaction under conventional breeding improvement works at NGLRP, Rampur and NORP, Nawalpur over the two years 2010 to 2011 with the aim to identify and recommend the high yielding, disease tolerant, early maturing bold seeded of soybean varieties suited for existing cropping system. Multi-location trial was carried out in RCB design with four replications and OBN in rod row while in pre-release varietal trial (PRVT) in none design. Mean yield performances of soybean cultivars over the years in Initial Evaluation Trial (Table 7) indicated that soybean cultivars AGS 87-4(1543 kg!ha), TGxl903-IF (1284 kg!ha), TGXJ740-2F (1174 kg/ha), GC8234GC-13(1173 kg/ha) and TGX1805-31F (1007 kg/ha) were the best yielder than the check Seti(284 kg!ha) and will be promoted in multi-location trials. Combined analysis of soybean cultivars over the years(20 I 0-20 II) and across the three location(Rampur, Surkhet and Nawalpur) in CVT determined that highly significant differences were observed in Genotype, Location, Year, Genotype X location but nonsignificant differences were in Genotype x Year. Overall performances of Soybean cultivars IangBeakong (2457 kg/ha), AGS 376(2401 kg!ha) and F-778817(2332 kg/ha)) were the highest mean yielder than the check Puja(2283 kg/ha). These lines has been promoted in participatory trial and also kept under the seed increase program both at the station and onfarm . Under pre-release varietal trial, the mean yield performances indicated that the cultivars TG X-311-23D (1149 kg/ha), PK 7394(1145 kg/ha) and Kavre(J005 kglha) were the best mean yield performer than the check Puja(732 kg/ha) across the location (Rampur and Surkhet) and over the years (20 I 0-20 II). These lines will be further verified and validated in the farmer's field condition and will be increased the seed on farm level to make a seed sufficiency and take up faster dissemination. At station, nucleus and breeder seed production is underway to maintain the purity and good quality seed for future use.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Enhancing the productivity of mungbean through the breeding improvement in rainy and spring season in rice and maize based cropping system
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Rajendra Darai ; Surendra Yadav ; Gun Bahadur Gurung ; Nawa Raj Acharya ; Santosh Raj Tripathi, Author
Pagination:	58-67 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	mungbean ; genotypes varietal improvement disease resitant synchronous
Abstract:	The major constraints and challenges in mungbean research and development are susceptibility to MYMV, insect pests, small sized seeds, non-synchronous mahtrity and low yield. Considering the fact, a field experiments on varietal improvement of mnngbean received the genetic materials from A VRDC and local landraces were carried out at Rampur, Nawalpill and Nepa1gunj. In observation nursery (OBN), VC 6153 (B-19) [568 kg_ha] , VC 6173 (B-33) [529 kg_ha] and VC 6173 C [526 kg_ha] were the best performing mnngbean genotypes over the years 20 l 0-20 II and these lines will be selected for yield advance trial. In coordinated varietal trial (CVT), the genotypes Bari mung(575 kg/ha) and VC6153B-20G(572 kg/ha) were the good yielder than the check Pratikcha(477 kglha) in maize based cropping system. Mw1gbean cultivars named Pratikcha(767 kglha), Saptari local(750 kg/ha), VC6153B-20G(715 kg/ha), VC 3960A-88(713 kg/ha), VC 6173B-6(707 kglha) and Bari mung (700 kg/ha) were the best performers in rice-wheat-nmngbean cropping system and significantly differed among the tested lines over the years(2010-2011) and across the locations(Nepalgunj and Parwan ipur). However the mungbean grain yield of the year 20 II was observed incredibly low due to the soil moisture stress during the cropping season as a consequence affected to the mean yield performances. In pre-release varietal trial, genotype BARJ mung ( 1177 kg/ha) and HUM-16(1 052 kg/ha) were the best perfonning genotypes than the check Pratikcha(l021 kg/ha). It had also earlier matllfity with the highest number of pods bearing capacity. Therefore seed of these lines should be increased at station and farm level so as to help in varietal promotion and scaling up into the targeted areas
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Identifying high yielding maize genotypes for Karnali region of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Keshab Babu Koirala ; Dil Bahadur Gurung ; Tirtha Rraj Rijal ; Jeeban Shrestha ; Ram Bahadur Bhujel, Author
Pagination:	68-70 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	maize ; genotypes Jumla Karnali
Abstract:	With the objective of identifying high yielding maize genotypes for Karnali region, twenty-six mai ze genotypes collected from Karnali region were tested in spring season at on-station and farmers' fields of Agricu ltural Research Station Jumla and wi nter season of 2012 at National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan. High ly significant differences among the tested genotypes were observed for days to 50% tasseling and s il king in both of the locations. Grain yield differed significantly at NMRP Rampur and highly significantly in Jumla. The genotypes namely KKT-POP, KKT-03, KKT-1 4, MGU-08 , Kamali Pool White and Kamali Pool Yellow produced higher grain yield at both the locations, Jumla and Rampur. Ganesh J produced the highest grain yie ld in Jumla.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Identifying high yielding protein maize genotypes for hill districts of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Bhanu Pokhrel ; Jhalak Prasad Dhakal ; Tirtha Rraj Rijal ; Jeeban Shrestha ; Narayan Bahadur Dhami, Author ; Amrit prasad Paudel, Author
Pagination:	71-74 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Grain yield ; quality protein maize
Abstract:	Quality protein maize (QPM) varieties are necessary for reducing malnutrition and food security problem in hill districts of Nepal. To identify high yielding QPM varieties, various coordinated varietal trials (CVTs) were conducted in Khumaltar (Lalitpur) and Kabre (Dolakha) from 20 II to 2012 summer season and coordinated farmers' field trials (CFFT) in Lumle (Kaski), Dailekh and Kabre in 20 II summer season and Dailekh and Kabre in 2012 summer season. The genotypic superiority for grain yie ld was determined using ANOV A at 5% level of significance. Overall findings of the trials showed the genotypes namely, Obatanpa followed by S99TLWQ-B and SO I SfYQ produced the highest grain yield in coordinated varietal trials and genotypes S99TL YQ-B followed by SO I SIWQ-3 and Poshilo Makai-1 produced the highest grain yield in coordinated farmers' field trials across testing sites and years. The superior varieties derived from CFFT could be released and recommended to farmers of hill districts ofNepal
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Development of rice varieties for spring season in Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Dil Raj Yadav ; Ram Baran Yadaw ; Surya Narayan Sah ; Umesh Sah
Pagination:	75-81 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	spring season ; rice genotypes grain yield
Abstract:	Evaluation of various rice genotypes were tested in a series of trials viz., observation nursery, initial evaluation, coordinated varietal and coordinated farmers' field trials in the spring season of 2009 and 20 I Oto identify the suitable rice varieties for spring season. In national spring rice observation nursery a total of 31 and 36 genotypes were tested in 2009 and 20 I 0, respectively. Among the tested genotypes, ADRON-117, OM 5796, OM 5939, IR 72944-1-2- 2, BAGHIXIAN, OM 2008, PSBRC, IR 79538-1-1-1-1, OM 6035, PSBRC 50, IR 68305-18- 1-1, OM 2395, OM 5625, lR 72176-307-4-2-2-3, IR 7925-4-65-1-3-2, SILUGONGGO, CT 15675-7-1-4-3-1-M, OM 7938, TR 72892-77-2-2-2, OM 4900, KAWMAS and IR 18154-5-9- 2-1-3-2 were found superior with respect grain yield. Similarly, 24 genotypes tested in initial evaluation trials of both the years, all the observed traits were found highly significant different among genotypes in both the years except plant height, effective tillers/m2 and number of unfilled grains/panicle in 2009. The genotypes OM 3536 (4475 kg/ha), PSBRC 28 (4332 kg/ba), lET 1771 (4557 kg/ha), WAS-57-B-B-17-3-3-1 (4167 kg/ha), OM 1490 (4475 kg/ha) were higher grain yielder in 2009 and IR 73730-33-2-32 (4050 kglha), RR-232-1- 1(3917 kglha), WAS 57-B-B-17-3-3-1(3722kg/ha), ZHON Goo-126(3666kglha), OM-1055 (3760kg/ha) produced higher grain yield in comparison to other tested genotypes in 2010. ln coordinated varietal trials higher grain yielding genotypes were Kachorwa Dhan-4 (4120 kg/ha), IR 73730-33-2-32 (4050 kg/ha), JET 3137 (4045 kg/ha), OM 1055 (3941 kg/ha) and OMC 96 (3938 kg/ha). In coordinated farmers' field trials the genotypes IR51656-2K, NR274, Kachorwa Dhan 4, OMC-96 and OM I 055 performed better than the others.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Varietal development for rice under irrigated ecosystemm during 2000-10
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Dil Raj Yadav ; Ram Baran Yadaw ; Surya Narayan Sah ; Ram Krishna Mahato ; Akhtar, Tufail, Author ; Gopal Prasad Hamal, Author ; Krishna Kunwar Mishra, Author ; Santosh Yadav, Author ; Parmananda Sharma, Author
Pagination:	82-96 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	rice ; irrigated ecosystem GXE interaction varietal development
Abstract:	Irrigated low land is the most productive land and Sabitri is the most dominant variety grown under irrigated ecosystem . In order to develop irrigated rice varieties for higher grain y ield with better quality IRRON-I and IRRON-II, IET-N, CVT-N and CFFT-N were studied at different locations under irrigated condition during 2009-2010. The genotypes : IR 7100-247- 1-1-2, YN 3109-23-1-2, Sabitri, Radha-7, IR 80905-50-1-3-2, IR 21141-24-2 and IR 83326- 39-1-2 were produced higher yield of 5, 5, 4.8, 4.7, 4.6 4.2 and 4 .2 T/ha respectively in IRRON-I during 2009. Genotypes; PCT6\0\0\0> 19-1-4-3-l-l-1-3-l, OM7938, YEZIN LONE THWE, OMCS 2007, YN 3109-23-1-2, CT15809-l-2-1-l-2sr-1-2-2-2-M and OM6161 were found promising in IRRON-I during 2010. Similarly, genotypes; IR80482-64-3-3-3, IR77298- 14-l-2, BATANZPJAMAN, IR79218-43-2-l-2, IR79637-2-3-2-l, IR77480-1-2-3-3, IR62558-SRN-17 -2-1-3, IR81358-98-1-3 -2-3, IR77499-81-3-I-l-3, IR79253 -98-3-2-3, IR82786-43-3-2-I and JR82489-612-2-3 -2 were found promising in IIRON-II during 20 I 0. All genotypes were fotmd s ignificantly different in days to heading, days to maturity, plant height (em), grain yield t/ha and filled grains/particle in IET under normal irrigated conditions in 2010. Whereas, panicle length(cm), tiller/m2, unfilled grains/panicle and 100 grain weight (gm) did not differ among the genotypes in lET under irrigated cond ition in 20 10. All observed traits were found highly s ignificant different among the genotypes across the locations except grain yie ld kg/ha at RARS, Nepalgunj , plant height (em) at NMRP, Rampm and RARS, Tarahara, till ers/m2 at NMRP, Rampm and RARS, Tarahara in CVT-N during 2009. The genotypes: OM-576 (4717 kg/ha ), lR70215-70-CPA-3-4-I-3 (4731kg/ha), IR72997-159-2-2-I (4672kg/ha), IR77721-93-2-2-1-2 (4700kg/ha ), lR76479-48-3- 1 ( 4517kg/ha ) were found high yielder than check ( Sabitri) 4492kg/ha in CVT -N during 2009. Among them, IR 73006-8-2-2-1, IR 72997-159-2-2-1, IR 73007-13 1-1-2-2, IR 83614- 564-B were produced significantly higher y ield of 3.9, 3 .9, 3.9, 3.8 t/ha respectively over popular check (Sabitri) that yielded 3.7 t/ha at across the locat ions. The genotype; NR 79-2-1- 3-3-l, IR81896-B-B-3 8 and IR81896-B-B-639 produced significantly higher grain y ield of 4.6, 4.5 and 4.3 t/ha respectively over check genotype Sabitri (2.3 t/ha). In CFFT2009, genotypes RHS 379-25CX-1 CX-2,9939, BM9855 and Mithila had produced higher grain yield of 4.7, 4.3 and 3.9 t/ha respectively. IR 72889-69-2-2 produced highest mean gra in yield (4.65 t/ha) followed by IR 78581 -1-2 (4.30 t/ha) and IR 77721-93 (4. 12 t/ha) in CFFT-N- 2010.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Genetic varieation, heritability and stability analysis of drought tolerant rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties under rainfed lowland drought stress at reproductive stage in Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Ram Baran Yadaw ; Shalabh Dixit ; Kumar, Arvind ; Surya Kanta Ghimire ; Anitha Raman, Author ; Mishra, K.K., Author ; Shambhu Prasad Khatiwada, Author ; Resham Bahadur Thapa, Author
Pagination:	97-106 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Rice ; GxE interaction Stability Heritability Rainfed lowland drought stress GCV Genetic Advance(%)
Abstract:	In order to compute the genetic variability, genetic advance, GCV, PCV, path coefficient and GxE interaction, 23 advance breeding lines of rice crop developed from International Rice Research Institute Los Banos Philippines including two broad drought susceptible and two moderately drought resistant checks were tested for days to flowering, grain yield, harvest index and plant height at National Rice Research Program, Hardinath, Dhanusha and Regional Agricultural Research Station Nepalgunj in wet season 2010 and 2011. A highly significant variability of GxE interaction was observed in all traits; indicating breeders to focus on selection of stable lines over the environments. The heritability of 0.61 was found in grain yield under rainfed drought stress at reproductive stage which indicates yield per se could be considered as direct selection criterion. Genotypes IR 79906-B-1 92-2-3, IR 81896- B-B-74-B, IR 79478-67-3-3-2, IRRI123 and IR 80312-6-B-3-2-B were found highly stable with minimum or close to unity of regression CJff(i) and regression coefficient values ofAi·
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Varietal improvement on quality protein and drought tolerance maize for far western hills
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Hari Kumar Prasai ; Subana Sharma ; Ujjwal Kumar Singh Kushwaha ; Bishnu Joshi
Pagination:	107-112 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Genotypes ; grain yield kg/ha drought resistance significant traits
Abstract:	The coordinated varietal trial of quality protein maize was carried out in research station of regional agricultural research station, Doti during 2011 / 12 and 2012/ 13 . A total of fourteen entries including standard and local checks were included in the experiment of both years. Out of tested entries of the year 2011 / 12, S99TL YQ-A produced the highest grain yield (2814 kg/ha) followed by SOJTLYQ-AB-01 (2765 kg/ha) and SOJTLYQ-AB-02 (2293 kg/ha). MST AT C software was used in data analysis. Flowering days, plant height and grain yield due to genotypes was found significant at 1-5% level. Amongst the tested entries include in the experiment of the year 2012/ 13, S99TL YQ-AB recorded the highest grain yield (6006 kg!ha) followed by SOJTLYQ-AB-01 (5409 kg/ha) and S99TLYQ-A (5330 kg/ha) . There was significant difference in flowering days, plant height, ear height and grain yield due to genotypes at 1-5 % level. Combined analysis over year was also carried out Genotypes SOJTLYQ-AB-01 (4087 kg/ha), S99TLYQ-A (4072 kg/ha) and S99TLYQ-AB (3750 kg/ha) identified as promising genotypes for lower hills and river basin agro-environment of far western hills. Similarly, experiment on selection of drought tolerance maize genotypes was also carried out at this research station during 2011/12 and 2012/13. Total I 05 genotypes of maize were planted for selection of drought tolerance maize genotypes during 2011/12 and it was replicated twice. Quantitative and qualitative traits were recorded for screening against drought Out of the genotypes included in the experiment, Manakamana-4 was found super variety in terms of grain yield ( 4561 kg/ha), leaf senescence (I) and leaf roll (I). Statistically, plant height, ear height, flowering days and leaf senescence due to genotypes were found significantly different Total eight genotypes were se lected for second year's drought tolerance genotypes selection experiment and were planted in three replications. Out of the eight genotypes included in the experiment, Upahar (6897 kg/ha), TLBRS07F 16 (6216 kg/ha) and BLSBS07Fl2 (6215 kg/ha) were found superior in terms of grain yield.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Varietal improvement of upland and normal rice for Far Western hills of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Hari Kumar Prasai ; Subana Sharma ; Ujjwal Kumar Singh Kushwaha ; Bishnu Joshi
Pagination:	113-117 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Genotypes ; Experiment promising grain yield kg/ha significant
Abstract:	Six genotypes ofupland rice were planted at research station ofRARS, Dati during 2011/12 and the experiment was replicated three times. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design. Amongst the genotypes included in the experiment, RR 443-2 (2253 kg/ha) identified as promising genotype of upland rice. Difference in grain yield due to genotypes was not found significant. Similarly, eighteen genotypes of upland rice were planted at the research station of RARS, Dati during 2012113 . Randomized complete block design was followed and replicated three times. £R83383-B-B-141-2 produced the highest grain yie ld (4649 kg/ha) followed by IR81025-B-16-l (4522 kg/ha) and IR83383-B-B129-3 (4488 kg/ha). Among them, twelve genotypes produced grain yield more than 4 t!ha and identified as promising genotypes for far western mid hills agro-environment. However, the differences in grain yield due to genotypes was found non -significant but traits like days to flowering, maturity and plant height were found significantly different. Similarly, seven genotypes of normal rice were planted in farmers' field of Bhumirajmandu, Dati during 2011112 and 2012/ 13. The experiment was conducted at four farmers' field . Each farmer is considered as a replication during data analysis. Out of the genotypes included in the experiment in the year 2011112, NR 10676-B-1-3-3-3 produced the highest grain yield (4708 kg/ha) followed by NR 10585-B-B-4-3-2 (4291 kg/ha) and NR 10591-B-B-3-3-3 (4062 kg/ha) respectively. While in 2013, NR I 0548-4B-22-2-l produced the highest grain yield (4749 kg/ha) followed by khumal-4 (4687 kglha) and NR 10585-B-B-4-3-2 (4562 kg/ha) respectively. Statistically, the difference in grain yield due to genotypes was found nonsignificant. Combined analysis over year was also carried out. Genotypes NR I 0676-B-1-3-3- 3 (4520 kg/ha) and NR 10585 -B-B-4-3-2 (4426 kg/ha) identified as promising genotypes of normal rice for far western mid hill agro-environment. The effect of treatment and year was found significant at 5% level whereas the interaction effect of treatment and year was found non- significant.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Performance of rice genotypes in the irrigated river basins of Western hills of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Amrit Poudel Poudel ; Bihani Thapa ; Krishna Hari Ghimire ; Arjun Prakash Poudel ; Hari Prasad Poudel, Author
Pagination:	118-121 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Genotypes ; Experiment promising grain yield kg/ha significant
Abstract:	Twelve rice genotypes in cluding standard check (sab itri) were planted in irrigated areas of Cham bas of Tanahun during 20 11-12 .. The genotypes were evaluated in RCBD in three replications and were observed for days to 50% head in g, plant height, no of tillers/ hill, grain y ield and straw yie ld. Data of these different parameters were analyzed separate ly and combined over years for all the genotypes. Highly significant differences were observed for grain y ield, days to heading and plant height among the genotypes. However, non significant differences were observed for straw y ield and no of effective tillers per hill . Among the tested genotypes, IR 804 11-B-28-4 produced the highest gra in yield (6500 kg/ha) fo llowed by IR 79253-55-1-4-6(5750 kg/ha), IR 76479-48-3-1 (5733.3 kg/ha) and IR 79216-141 -1-3-3 (5466.6 kg/ha) compared to standard check Sabitri(5250kg/ha). rt was observed that these promising genotypes can perform better in the river basins of western hills of Nepal and should be verified to the farmers' field in the coming years .
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Varietal development of quality protien maize (QPM) in the Western hills of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Amrit Poudel Poudel ; Bihani Thapa ; Krishna Hari Ghimire ; Arjun Prakash Poudel ; Hari Prasad Poudel, Author
Pagination:	122-125 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Quality Protein maize ; pegulation Gain Yield
Abstract:	Ten QPM genotypes inc luding Farmers ' variety were tested on the field of RARS, Lumle during2012 and 2013 for the varietal development ofQPM in the western hills ofNepal. The genotypes were planted in RCBD. Genotypes were tested considering different parameters; days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking, plant height, ear height, grain yield . Data of different parameters were analyzed separately and combined over years for all the treatments using MSTAT-C software. The genotypes differed significantly for the parameters except for the grain yield. Among the tested genotypes, Farmers' local was earlier to tassel(72.2 DAS), Earlier to silk (76 DAS). SO I SIWQ-2 was dwarf in terms of plant height (215.3 ems). Poshilo Makai-1 had shortest ear placement height (1 04.8 em). Genotypes Obatanpa (5 .9 t/h), SO lSIWQ-2(6.5 t/h) and SO I SIYQ (6.2 t/h) produced higher grain yield than the Local variety (Manakamana-5) in Lumle condition. These genotypes should be incorporated in Farmers ' fie ld trial for verification.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Varietal improvement of soybean in Western hills of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Amrit Poudel Poudel ; Bihani Thapa ; Krishna Hari Ghimire ; Arjun Prakash Poudel ; Hari Prasad Poudel, Author ; Sudeep Subedi, Author
Pagination:	126-128 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	RCBD ; varietal improvement genotype significant seed yield
Abstract:	For the vari etal improvement of soybean in the western hills of Nepal , ten soybean genotypes (Seed type) were tested in RCBD on the field of RARS, Lumle during 20 11 and 2012. Genotypes were tested considering different parameters; days to fl owering, pl ant height, no. of branches per plant, no of pod per plant, no ofunfilled pod per plant and seed yield. Data of d iffe rent parameters were ana lyzed separately and combined over years fo r all the treatments. Highly sign ificant differences were observed fo r grain y ield, days to flowering and plant height between genotypes. However, year by variety interaction was non -s ignificant for seed yield. Among the tested genotypes, Chaing Maw 60-63 performed better at this location: highest yielder (1889.9 kg/ha), early flowering (78 days) medium no of pod per plant (56) and less no of unfi lled pod ( 11) in comparison with other genotypes. Genotypes CM 9 133 (seed y ield 1707.9 kg/ha), CN 60 (seed yie ld 1629.9 kg/ha) and CM 9106 (seed yield 1519 kg/ha) were also found better fo llowing Chaing Maw 60-63. It was observed that these promising genotypes can perform better in the western hills of Nepal and shou ld bring to the fam1ers ' field tri al.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Varietal improvement of full season normal maize in the Western hills of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Amrit Poudel Poudel ; Bihani Thapa ; Krishna Hari Ghimire ; Arjun Prakash Poudel ; Hari Prasad Poudel, Author ; Sudeep Subedi, Author
Pagination:	129-131 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Full season maize ; genotype grain yield
Abstract:	Nine Full season normal maize genotypes including Farmers' variety were tested in RARS, Lumle during the year 2011-2012 for the varietal development of full season normal maize in the western hills of Nepal. The genotypes were planted in RCBD with three replications. Genotypes were tested considering different parameters; days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking, plant height, ear height, grain yield. Data of different parameters were analyzed separately and combined over years for all the treatments. Genotypes differed significantly for days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking, plant height and ear height but were insignificant for grain yield. Farmers' local was earlier for tasseling (73.8 DAS) and silking (77 DAS). It was followed by genotype Rampur S03F08silking (74.7 DAS) and silking (77 .8 DAS). Genotype BLSBRs07FI2 was with short plant height ((192.7 em) and ear placement height (97.2 em). Genotypes Manakamana-3 (5.93 t/h) followed by Manakamana-5 (5.44 t/h) and Rampur S03F08 (5 .1 tlh) produced higher grain yield. The genotypes were non-significant in terms of grain yield. Genotype Ram pur S03F08 was found equally productive and earlier than the standard check .So, it shou ld be verified in farmers' field
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Rice varietal investigation for irrigated areas of Mid and Far Western Region
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Krishna Kumar Mishra
Pagination:	132-141 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Irrigated areas ; varietal investigation
Abstract:	The irrigated rice-based cropping system is one of most important production systems 111 Nepal. A total of 400 genotypes of rice in five different varietal activities under the BMGF project were evaluated during June to December of 2011 and 2012 in irrigated condition to develop varieties with high yield potential and desirable agronomic traits. Among the tested genotypes, In Advance Yield Trial 100- 120C, IR 87751-27-1-2-4 produced the highest grain yield of 6849kg/ha followed by IR 80461-B-79-3 of 6302kg/ha and IR 79584-38-2-l-4of 6176 kg/ha. Si.m.i larly. In Advance Yield Trial GT120C, IR78875-207-B-3-B produced the highest grain yield of 6729 kg/ha. Followed by IR81896-B-B-68-B of 6074kg/ha and IR81896-B-B-74-B of5905 kglha .. In IR64 NILLSC, IR 87707-446-B-B-B was found as the highest yielder (5763 kg /ha) followed by IR 87707-445-B-B-B of 5632 kg/ba. and I R 87707- 118-B-B-B of 5425 kg/ha. In Donor trial , MOROBEREKAN was found as the highest yielder giving 4375 kglha. followed by SEE DEUAN of4289kg/ha. and MEDNYAO NYAT o 3531 kg/ha ... In Observation Yield C Trial, IR 87754-42-2-2-1 was found as the highest yielder of 6891 kglha. followed by IR 87761-28-l-l-3of 6650 kg/ha. and IR 88968-2-1-1-2 of 5231 kglha.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Agro-morphological characterization fo promising lines of rice for mid-hill conditions of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Jwala Bajracharya ; Pratima Pandey, Author ; Dev Bahadur Gurung, Author
Pagination:	142-148 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Oryza sativa L. ; genetic variability descriptors purity
Abstract:	Four promising varieties ofrice (Oryza sativa L.) included in FFT and CVT for bill condition of Nepal were studied for their agro-morphological characterization and preparation of descriptors using qualitative and quantitative agro -morphological traits. The experiment was conducted in Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal , us ing a randomized block design with three replicates in agricultural season in 2010/ 11 and 20 11 / 12. Genetic vari ation was observed among the qualitative and quantitative characters evaluated and sign ificant variations at the least (p < 0.05) were observed for 15 of the 20 analysed quantitative traits. Genetic variance among the lines was observed hi gher than the envirorunental variance, which ensured the predominance of the genetic components in the differences observed among the rice promising lines. Leaf measurement and its orientation, culm strength, panicle exertion length, panicle type, panicle sterility and biomass related traits were found important distinguishing traits of these rice varieties. Based on the observed variab ility the descriptors of these promising varieties were prepared, which is hoped to be of great importance for breeding programs and maintaining the genetic purity
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Performance of full season maize genotypes in the river basin areas of mid-western hill of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Anil Pokhrel ; Keshav Raj Pokhrel, Author ; Gam Bahadur Pun, Author ; Nain Singh Chhetri, Author ; Jhalak Prasad Dhakal, Author ; Tara bahadur Ghimire, Author ; Chitra Bahadur Kunwar, Author
Pagination:	149-154 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Mize ; genotypes full season IYT CVT CFFT
Abstract:	Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important cereal crop in Nepal and main stable food crop in the hill people. With the objective of identifying suitable high yielding open pollinated full season maize genotypes for the river basin areas of mid western hill of Nepal, a series of experiments, Intermediate Yield Trial-Terai (IYT-T), Coordinated Varietal Trial-Terai (CVTT) and Coordinated Farmers Field Trial-Terai (CFFT-T) were conducted during the normal growing seasons of2011 and 2012. A total of21, 14 and 7 genotypes were evaluated in IYTT, CVT-T and CFFT-T in two consecutive years of20l I and 2012 respectively. Out of21 genotypes tested under IYT-T, genotypes: R POP-4 (4261 kg/ha), PHRA PHUTTABATS0031 (3937 kg/ha) and R POP-I (3854 kg/ha) were found significantly superior for grain yield and husk cover. Out of 14 genotypes tested under CVT-T, genotypes: Across 9331 RE (5068 kg/ha), RPOP-4 (50 12 kg/ha) and Ram pur Composite ( 4810 kg/ha) were significantly superior in terms of grain yield. Similarly in CFFT-T, out of 7 genotypes tested, genotypes Across 9331 RE (2676 kg/ha) was superior for grain yield followed by HG.AB (2594 kg/ha) and Upahar (240 I kg/ha).
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Evaluation of finger millet genotypes in mid-western hill fo Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Anil Pokhrel ; Om Bahadur Oli, Author ; Sashi Ram Sharma, Author
Pagination:	160-162 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	finger millet ; genotypes mid hill varietal trial
Abstract:	A large number of finger millet (Eleusine coracana Gaertn) genotypes were tested in Varietal Trial during the normal growlng seasons of 20 10 and 2011 with an objective of identifying su itable high yielding genotypes of finger millet for the mid bill environment of mid-western regions of Nepal. A total of 9 genotypes including farmers local were evaluated in varietal trial in two consecutive years of2011 and 2012 res pectively. Genotypes GE 0116 (3137.41 kg/ba), GE 5001 (271 0.25 kg/ha), Kabre Kodo-1 (2650.30 kg!ha) and K.LE-192 (2632 .20 kg/ha) were superior in grain yield. The combined data revealed that days to maturity, plant height, bearing heads/m2 and grain yield significantly differed among the tested genotypes.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Performance of widely adapted maize varieties throughout the year in relation with daily maximum temperature at Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Balaram Bhandari ; Dil Bahadur Gurung, Author ; Ghanashyam Bhandari, Author
Pagination:	163-168 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	climatic pattern ; yield selection temperature
Abstract:	Climatic parameters varies from time to time and from place to place. Desirable varieties are those which can perform better on wider range of climatic conditions. This research was done to assess the yield response of widely adapted early (Arun -2) and full season (Rampur Composite) maize varieties throughout the year in relation with the pattern of daily maximum temperature. Fifty two times of planting were done at an interval of a week in 2009/10 and 20 I 0/11. In first year, both early and full season variety produced the highest yield at 391 h planting. Similarly, in second year, both varieties produced the highest yield at 12'h planting. Pattern of daily maximum temperature responsible for the highest yield of early and full season maize was analyzed. It showed that the range of maximum temperature between 30 and 35°C in most of its growth period is suitable for maize to obtain the highest yield. These patterns may be also useful in selection of newly emerging widely adaptable maize OPVs and hybrids.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Evaluation of rice genotypes in winter season at national rice research program, Hardinath
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Dil Raj Yadav ; Ram Baran Yadaw, Author ; Surya Narayan Sah, Author ; Umesh Sah, Author ; Parmananda Sharma, Author ; Dilip Sah, Author
Pagination:	169-171 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Boro season ; rice genotypes grain yield
Abstract:	In order to find out high grain yielding with good quality rice genotypes for winter season; 20 and 22 rice genotypes were evaluated in the boro season of 2009 and 20 I 0 at National Rice Research Program, Hardinath, Dhanusha. The significantly higher grain yielding genotypes in 2009 were IR72102-3-135-1-l-l (4073 kglha), IR62037-93-1 (3905 kglha) and IR72892-77- 2-2-2 (3900 kglha) . The statistical analysis showed highly significant differences among genotypes in all observed traits except effective tillers/m2 in 20 I 0. In 2010, the genotypes IR 47686-9-1-B-1 (5282 kg/ha)) and IR 72904-135-1-3-2 ( 4500 kg/ha) produced significantly higher grain yield than the other tested genotypes. The maturity period of these two genotypes was 194 and 188 days, respectively which were at par with the checks (Jaya and Radha-4).
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Performance of rice hybrids in spring season in Dhanusha district
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Dil Raj Yadav ; Ram Baran Yadaw, Author ; Surya Narayan Sah, Author ; Umesh Sah, Author ; Parmananda Sharma, Author ; Dilip Sah, Author
Pagination:	172-173 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	rice hybrids ; productive tillers grain yield panicle length
Abstract:	Four rice hybrids were evaluated for yield and yield attributing traits at National Rice Research Program, Hardinath , Dhanusha in comparison to Chaite-2 and Hardinath-1 during spring season, 2011. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications. Out of four tested hybrids two hybrids viz., V -775 and 834 produced more productive tillers/m2 , longer panicles and higher grain yield (kg/ha) than the check varieties Chaite-2 and Hardianth-1. The increase in yield over the checks; Chaite-2 and Hardinath-1 ranged from 20.33-48.13% and 16.73-43.70%, respectively. While the other two hybrids, Arize 6129 and 813 produced lower grain yield (kg/ha) than the checks.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Varietal improvement of early maize for Far Western hills of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	HK Prasai ; Subarna Sharma, Author ; Ujjwal Kumar Singh Kushwaha, Author ; Bishnu Joshi, Author
Pagination:	174-177 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Early maize ; IYT CVT grain yield
Abstract:	Intermediate yield trial (IYT) of early maize was carried out at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Doti during 20 I 1/12 and 20 12/I 3. The experiment was laid out in random ized complete block design. A total of nine entries were included in both years. Out of the tested genotypes, S03TEY -FM(ER) recorded the highest grain yield (2899 kg/ha) followed by Ram pur S03E02 (2846 kg!ha) and Across 2401 (2628 kg/ha). Statistically all the traits included in the experiment were found none significant among genotypes. The same entries were included in IYT experiment of2012/ 13 also. Amongst the tested entries included in the experiment, S03TEYILN produced the highest grain yield (4718 kglha) fo llowed by S03 TEY -FM(ER) ( 44 70 kglha) and Ram pur S03E02 ( 43 19kg!ha). Statistica lly, tested traits were found significantly different due to genotypes at 1-5% level. S03TEYILN (3863 kg/ha), S03TEY-FM (ER) and S03TEY-SEQ (3427 kg/ha), and Rampur S03E02 (3300 kg/ha) have been identified as promising genotypes of early maize from combined analys is over years for far western lower hills and river basins. The difference in grain yield due to genotypes and year was found significantly different at 1% level whereas it was found non-si gn ificant for treatment and year interaction as indicated by combined analysis over years. The coordinated varietal trial of early maize was also carried out at this research station during 2011/12. Total nine entries were included in the experiment and it was replicated three times. Out of the tested entries included in the experiment, Rampur Composite x Pool 17 recorded the highest grain yield (3244 kg/ha) followed by Pop 44 x Pool 15 (3150 kg/ha) and Khumal Yellow x Pool 17 (2915 kglha). Statistically, the difference in flowering days, plant height, ear height and grain yield due to genotypes was found significant at 1-5% level.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Varietal improvement of maize in Far Western hills of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	HK Prasai ; Subarna Sharma, Author ; Ujjwal Kumar Singh Kushwaha, Author ; Bishnu Joshi, Author
Pagination:	178-183 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Maize ; grain yield significant far western Nepal
Abstract:	Intermediate yield trial (IYT) and coordinated varietal trial (CVT) of maize (terai set) were conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Doti during summer season of the year 2012 and 2013. Twenty one genotypes of maize were included in IYT whereas fourteen genotypes were included in CVT for both years. The experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Amongst the tested entries included in IYT during 2012, Rampur S03F08 recorded the highest grain yield (3609 kg/ha) followed by Across 9531 (RE) (3474 kg/ha) and RPOP-1 (3223 kglha). Statistically, the difference in days to flowering, plant height, ear height and grain yield due to genotypes was found significant at 5% level. Similarly, same genotypes were planted in the year 2013 . Out of the tested genotypes, Phraphuttabat S003 1 recorded the highest grain yield (5389 kg/ha) followed by CEL-OHGY A x CELOH (5351 kg/ha) & Rampur S03F02 (53 12 kg/ha). Statistically, the difference in days to maturity, plant height, ear height and grain yie ld among the tested genotypes were found significant. Combined analysis over year indicated that the genotypes Rampur S03F08 (4251 kg/ha), Across 9531 (RE) (4219 kg/ha), RPOP-1 (4099 kg/ha) and BLSBS07 -F 12 ( 4087 kg/ha) were identified as promising genotypes of maize for river basin agro-environment of far western hills. Similarly, coordinated varietal trial of maize was also conducted at RARS, Doti during 2012 and 20 13 . Fourteen genotypes of maize including standard and local checks were included in the experiment of both years. The experiment was planted in RCBD and it was replicated three times. Out of the tested genotypes, RPOP-2 produced the highest grain yield (2645 kglha) followed by RPOP-1 (2407 kg/ha) and RPOP-3 (2268 kg/ha) during 2012. Statistically, the difference in days to flowering, plant height and ear height due to genotypes was fow1d significant at I% level whereas the difference in grain yield due to genotypes was found non-significant. The same genotypes were planted in the year 2013 also. Out of the tested entries, RPOP-3 recorded the highest grain yield (4880 kglha) followed by RPOP-4 (4304 kg/ha) and RPOP-2 (3885 kg/ha). Statistically, the differences in all the traits included in the experiment due to genotypes were found significant at 1% level. Combined analysis over year identified RPOP-3 (3465 kg/ha), RPOP-2 (3415 kg/ha) and RPOP-4 (3286 kglha) as the promising genotypes for river basin agro-environment of far western hills. Statistically, effect of treatment, year and interaction between treatment and year was found significant at 1%.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Morphological characterization of local rice germplasms of Far Western hills
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	HK Prasai ; Subarna Sharma, Author ; Ujjwal Kumar Singh Kushwaha, Author ; Bishnu Joshi, Author
Pagination:	184-187 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Cultivar ; Upland Yield Local Grain
Abstract:	Seventeen landraces cultivars of rice were planted during 2012113 at agriculture research station of Doti. Randomi zed Complete Blcok Design was appl ied during planting and the experiment was repli cated twice. Each plot had one meter square area with 25 ems row to row di stance. Different characters were recorded such as tillers/m2 • days to flowering, days to maturi ty, culm length, panicle length, total length, fill ed grains per panicle, unfill ed grains per panicle, grain yield and test weight. Among different lines, Churot showed high est till ers/m2 (350) followed by Jhimma (294) and Rato Seto had the least ( 160). Similarly, Basmati Bikase had longer days to flowering (91) followed by Anj ana Rato (88) and Pele had shorter days to flowering (75). Basmati Bikase took longer days to maturity ( 11 6) whereas Sal auga had shorter days (111) to maturity. Longer culm length was of Gad i Dhan (131 em) and Sunaulo had the least (85 em). In the same way, Pele had longest panicle length (28 em) and Basmati Bikase (22 em) had the shortest. Highest tilled grains per panicle recorded in cu lti var Salauga (175) and lowest was shown by Bikase Basmati ( l 02 ). Dhunge and Gadi Dhan showed (33) and (32) unfilled grain per panicle respectively and the lowest was shown by Chadke (8.5). In terms of grain yie ld, cultivar n1imma had high est grain y ie ld (5450 kg/ha) and Rato Seto had the lowest (2200 kg!ha). Similarly, lowest test weight was shown by Jhimma (20.0 gm). Among all local lines, cultivar Jbimma was found best in terms of yield, and so many others characters such as shorter days to flowering and shorter days to maturiy. Simil arl y, cultivar Rato Seto had lowest yield with less tillering and less number of grain per panicle.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Morphological characterization of district seeded rice landraces of foothills and river basin in far western development region
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	HK Prasai ; Subarna Sharma, Author ; Ujjwal Kumar Singh Kushwaha, Author ; Bishnu Joshi, Author
Pagination:	188-191 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Landraces ; Characterization Direct seeded rice Agro-environment
Abstract:	Numbers of rice landraces are grown by the farmers to fulfill their food requirement, socio econo mic needs as well as cultural preferences through utilization exist ing heterogeneity in so il , topograp hy and irrigation facility especially in far western Nepal. An experiment was conducted during rainy season of 20 12 at Regional Agriculture Research Station, Bhagetada, Doti as an attempt to characterize some of the direct seeded r ice landraces of foothi lls and river basin agro-environment. The study was further intended in varietal improvement of the local landraces for increasing productivity through effective selection techniques. For this purpose, twelve indigenous lines of direct seeded rice were co llected from foothills and river bas in areas of Doti and Dadeldhura districts. Cultivars were then evaluated in RCBD design with three replications. Recommended dose of fertilizer and management practices were appl ied. Morphologic al, Phenological and Yield attributing data were recorded and were subjected to analysis through app lication ofMSTAT-C software. Cultivars were found nonsignificant in traits such as; days to 75% flowering, days to 75% maturity, sp ike length, ti llers per sq. m and unfilled grain per panicle. In contrast, s ignificant difference was exhibited among these landraces in traits such as plant height, filled grain per panicle, Gra in Yield Kg per hectare and I 000 grain weight. Cultivar Dal Badale and Naugire were signi ficantly taller but Jhimma and Shyam jiro were found most dwarf. Latamandau Local showed significantly higher average filed gra ins per pan icle but Shyam jiro and Dal Badalehave lower average filled grain per panicle. Rate Dhan recorded significantly highest grain yield followed by Anj ana; whereas cultivar Ghaiya local had lowest grain yield. Maximum I 000 grain weight was recorded for Rate Dhan and Latamandau Local but Sunaulo exhibited the least test weight.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Varietal improvement of normal rice under irrigation condition at Parwanipur
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Pradeep Shah ; Akhtar, Tufail, Author ; Anisur Rahman, Author ; Ram Tej Chaudhary, Author
Pagination:	192-194 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	CVT ; CFFT Varietal improvement normal rice Irrigated
Abstract:	A fie ld experiment was carried out dur ing the summer season of 2010 and 2011 to identify the high yie lding and normal maturity rice variety at RARS Parwanipur, Bara. The experi ment was conducted in RCB design having three repl icat ions. During both years, twenty four entries were tested in Coordinated Var ieta l Trial Normal. Among the tested entries the top grain yield was produced by IR70 182 -1 8PMI-40- 120 (2611 kg ha- 1 ) followed by Sabitri (2131 kg ha-1 ) in 2010 wh ile IR83376-B-B-9 1-2 produced top grain yie ld (3931 kg ha- 1 ) followed by ADON-117 (3827 kg ha- 1 ) in 20 11. In Coordinated Farmers Field Trial Normal, IR7462- 195-1-3 -2 produced top grain yie ld (4000 kg ha-1 ) fo llowed by YNI 850-7 16-I-5-I (3066 kg ha- 1 ) during 20 10 whi le IR70215-70-CPA-3-4-1-3 produced top grain yie ld (5688 kg ha-1 ) followed by IR7772 1-93-2-2- 1-2 (4461 kg ha- 1 ) du ring 2011.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Varietal improvement works for early and medium duration rice under rainfed condition at Parwanipur
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Pradeep Shah ; Akhtar, Tufail, Author ; Anisur Rahman, Author
Pagination:	195-199 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Rice ; CVT CFFT varietal improvement early rice medium
Abstract:	A field experiment was carried out during the summer season of 20 I 0 and 20 I I to identifY the high yielding and water stress tolerant early to medium maturity rice varieties at RARS Parwanipur, Bara. The experiment was conducted in RCB design having three replications. During 20 I 0, twenty two entries were tested in Coordinated Varietal Trial -Rain fed Lowland Early and among the tested entries the highest grain yield was produced by BP2780-MR-6 (2789 kg ha- 1 ) followed by JR79915-B83-4-4 (2582 kg ha- 1 ) while twenty entries were tested during 20lland the highest grain yield was produced by BP2780-MR-6 (4289 kg ha- 1 ) followed by Appo (3877 kg ha-1 ). In Coordinated Farmers Field Trial Rainfed Lowland Early, a total of six genotypes were evaluated and Naveen produced the highest grain yield (4000 kg ha- 1 ) followed by NR 1824-2-1 (3166 kg ha- 1 ) during 2010 while JR78937-8-7-B-B-B (4130 kg ha- 1 ) produced highest grain yield followed by UPLRJ-5 (4089 kg ha- 1 ) during 2011. In Coordinated Varietal Triai-Rainfed Lowland Medium, twenty two entries were tested during 2010 and the top grain yield produced by Madhaya dl1an 845 (2800 kg ha- 1 ) followed by BR 4363-B-8- 1-2-4 (2133 kg ha- 1 ) while twenty entries were tested during 20 I land the top grain yield was produced by fR70213-lO-CPA-2-3-2-1 (5244 kg ha- 1 ) followed by Madhya dhan 845 (50 18 kg ha- 1 ) . Likewise, in Coordinated Farmers Field Trial Rain fed Lowland Medium, the highest grain yield was produced by Basundhara (2266 kg ha- 1 ) followed by CH2 (1866 kg ha- 1 ) during 20 I 0 while CH2 ( 4289 kg ha- 1 ) produced top grain yield followed by TCA 80- 4 (3864 kg ha- 1 ) during 2011.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Response of tarkari bhattmas-1 to date of sowing at Khumaltar
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Resham Neupane ; Santosh Raj Tripathi, Author
Pagination:	200-204 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Sowing date ; tarkari bhattmas-1 grain yield fresh pod seed size
Abstract:	A study was done in vegetable soybean variety Tarkari Bhattmas-1 to identify optimum date of seeding for increased production. The experiment with six sowing dates at 10 days interval starting in 20 February in 20 11 and 13 February in 2012 conducted in randomized block design with four replications at Khumaltar during the spring season. Grain yie ld ranged from 934 kg/ha to 1884 kg/ha. Higher plant stand, mean seed yie ld and fresh pod yield obtained in March third week planting. Whereas, maximum 100-fresh seed weight was produced in March second week planting. Likewise, seed size was larger i.n later dates. The study showed that second to third week of March could be the optimum time of sowing Tarkari Bhattmas-1 in Khu.maltar and its similar environment.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Response of tarkari bhattmas-1 to date of sowing at Khumaltar
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Resham Neupane ; Santosh Raj Tripathi, Author
Pagination:	200-204 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Sowing date ; tarkari bhattmas-1 grain yield fresh pod seed size
Abstract:	A study was done in vegetable soybean variety Tarkari Bhattmas-1 to identify optimum date of seeding for increased production. The experiment with six sowing dates at 10 days interval starting in 20 February in 20 11 and 13 February in 2012 conducted in randomized block design with four replications at Khumaltar during the spring season. Grain yie ld ranged from 934 kg/ha to 1884 kg/ha. Higher plant stand, mean seed yie ld and fresh pod yield obtained in March third week planting. Whereas, maximum 100-fresh seed weight was produced in March second week planting. Likewise, seed size was larger i.n later dates. The study showed that second to third week of March could be the optimum time of sowing Tarkari Bhattmas-1 in Khu.maltar and its similar environment.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Study on rice at different planting dates under changing rainfall pattern at Khumaltar
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Ghanashyam Malla ; Gautam, Anand Kumar, Author ; Alok Sharma, Author ; Amit Timilsina, Author
Pagination:	205-209 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Climate ; Planting dates Rainfall pattern rice and variety
Abstract:	Rice is a major crop in the country, playing a vital role in national economy. Unusual rain is mainly affecting the rice than the other crops with main impact on transplanting time. To find out the solution of this problem, an experiment was carried out in split plot design with two varieties as main plot and three dates of transplanting as sub plot factor with three replications in 2010 and 2011 at Khumaltar. Variety Khumal 13 produced higher grain yield compared to Kimma! 4 in both years. Significantly higher grain yield (6.6 t/ha) was found under tlurd date of transplanting in 20 I 0 compared to frrst date of transplanti11g and statistically comparable grain yield to second date. First date of transplanting resulted significantly higher grain yield (7 .3 t/ha) compared with other dates in 2011. Onset and intensity of rainfall was erratic with late rainfall in 20 I 0 and 87% more rainfall in 2011. Thus, development of wide adaptable varieties and well advanced climate forecasting system is required to minimize the threats of rainfall uncertainty for the food security and livelihood of country.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Weed management study in rainy season maize in Bheri river basin area of Surkhet
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Tara bahadur Ghimire ; Bhanu Pokhrel, Author ; Jhalak Prasad Dhakal, Author ; Nain Singh Chhetri, Author ; Gam Bahadur Pun, Author ; Anil Pokhrel, Author
Pagination:	210-213 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Maize (Zea maize) ; net return weed flora control yield
Abstract:	Maize (Zea mays L) is the predominant crop in mid-western hills of Nepal. Productivity of maize is low due to several biotic, abiotic and socio-economic factors. Weed infestation is one of the main reasons in lowering the maize yield in this region. To find out the suitable weed contro l measures in hill of mid-western region, a field experiment was conducted in two consecutive years of 20 11 and 2012 at Agriculture Research Station, Dasharathpur, Surkhet. Eleven treatment combinations consisting of Atrazine 50 WP @ 2.5 kg/ha (Pre-emergence), Pendimethaline 30 EC @ 3.3 L/ha (Pre-emergence) and Glyphosate 41 SL 5 L!ha (Postemergence) with or without hoeing; 2,4-D (80%) @ 2 kg!ha (Post-emergence) fo llowed by hoeing; sunhemp mix cro pping (30 kg/ha) and incorporation at 30 days after sowing; hand weed ing without hoeing; farmers practices (hand weedin g and hoeing) and no weeding (control) were evaluated in RCBD with three replications in maize-wheat system under bariland cond itions. Motha (Cyperus sp.), Banso (Axonopus compressus (Swartz)), Bokejhar (Gnaph aliwn purpureum L), ChipleJhar (Pouzolzia zeylanica L.) and Kane jhar (Commelina benghalensis L.) were the predominant weed floras in maize field in bariland cond ition of Bheri river basin area of Surkhet. Atrazine 50 WP @ 2.5 kg/ha (pre -emergence) appli cation and no hoeing treatment resulted the maximum mean grain yield (4205 kg/ha) of maize with highest net return (Rs.5 1600/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.59). Simi lar ly, sunJ1emp mix cropping and incorporation after 30 days after sowing resulted least weed population up to 60 days after sowing.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Maximizing upland rice yield through varietal and agronomic interventions in mid hill of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Sashi Ram Sharma ; Bikash Ghimire, Author ; Om Bahadur Oli, Author ; Anil Pokhrel, Author
Pagination:	214-218 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	upland rice ; variety mixed crop nutrient
Abstract:	Subsistence farmers mainly grow rice in upl ands condition and the area under this system is about 8% of the total rice area in Nepal. This crop has a high socio-economic importance in sloppy up lands of mid hills particularly in mid and far western regions of Nepal. There is great potentiality to increase the productivity of upland rice through development and extension of suitable variety along with appropriate improved agronomic management practices. Therefore, different vari etal and agronomic management studies were done in two consecutive years of 2011 and l 012 at Agricu lture Research Station, Dailekh to identify high yielding varieties and appropriate improved agronomic managements. Each of the trail was conducted in three replicated randomized compete block design. Signifi cant grain yield variation was recorded among the varieties evaluated on-station and on-farm. Pakhogunde produced highest grain y ield (3860 kg/ha) fo llowed by Ghaiya-1 (3292 kg/ha) in on-stat ion evaluation. Similar ly i.n farmer's field Ghaiya-2 (2944 kg/ha), Pakhojoro (2778 kg/ha), Pakhogunde and Dhanpahelo (2556 kg/ha) produced higher yield. Under mixed cropping practices with maize, rice varieties Hardinath-1 (J 410 kg/ha), Pakhogunde (1409 kg/ha) and IR 5543 5-5-5 (J 403 kg/ha) were high yielder but statistica lly at par. Under nutrient management experiment, the effect of different doses ofN:P20 5:K20 was significa nt with control (no application) where the highest gra in yield (2531 kg/ha) reco rded with applied 40:20:20 kg/ha of N:P20 5 :K20.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Seeding date, variety and plant geometry effects on productivity of lowland rice in mid western hill, Nepal in the context of climate change
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Sashi Ram Sharma ; Bikash Ghimire, Author ; Om Bahadur Oli, Author ; Anil Pokhrel, Author
Pagination:	219-223 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Rice ; variety seeding date plant geometry
Abstract:	Rice production would be major concem in recent years due to changing climatic conditions. With the objective of identifying best seeding date with best variety and plant geometry for rice cultivation in Mid Westem Hill, Nepal to address climate change, an experiment was conducted in two years (20 11-20 12) at Agriculture Research Station, Dailekh. Three rice varieties namely Khumal-1 0, NR-1 0585-B-B-4-3-2 and NR-1 0591-B-B-4-3-3 were seeded in four dates from May-27 to Jully-11 in fifteen days interval and then transplanted 25 days old seedlings from June-24 to August-7 with three plant geometries of 20cmx l5cm, 20cmx20cm and 20cm><25cm. The design was split split-plot design with three replications. The results showed that interaction effect of date of seeding, variety and plant geometry on grain yield of rice highly significant. NR-10585-B-B-4-3-2 (8.8 t ha- 1 ) and Khumal-10 (7.5 t ha- 1 ) produced highest yield when seeded on May-27 and then after yield significantly reduced. The seeding date was highly significant for grain yield (7.8 t ha- 1 - 1.6 t ha- 1 ) . The interaction effect of date of seeding and plant geometry was observed highly significant for grain yield where the plant geometry 20cmx 15cm produced highest grain yield (8.0 t ha- 1 ) when seeded on May-27 and transplanted on Jw1e-24. It can be concluded that the rice variety NR-1 0585-B-B-4-3-2 produced highest grain yield (8.9 t ha- 1 ) when seeded on May-27 and transplanted on Jtme-24 with plant geometry of20cmx2Qcm in Mid Western Hill, Nepal.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Varietal and agronomical research on lowland rice in mid-western hill of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Sashi Ram Sharma ; Bikash Ghimire, Author ; Om Bahadur Oli, Author ; Anil Pokhrel, Author
Pagination:	224-228 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Rice ; genotypes seed rate seedlings age and yield
Abstract:	Different va ri etal and agronomica l field experiments on rice were conducted dur ing summer 20 11 and 20 12 to eva luate growth and productivity of different rice genotypes in mid hill environment of mid western region of Nepal. Each of the experiments was conducted in randomized compete block design with three rep licated in 6 m2 plot size. Under varietal experiment, based on the combi.ned over years genotypes NR 1 0676-B-5-3 (6.6 Uha) and NR 10553 -Bl-25-2 (6 .5 Uha) were superior for gra in yield but non-s ign ificant among the genotypes. In seed rate experiment, NR 1059 1-B-B-4-3-3 and Khumal-4 were superior i.n grain y ield (3.8 Uha), whereas seed rate of 80 kg/ha produced higher grain yield (4. 1 t/ha). Simi lar ly, in seedling age experiment, NR 10585-B-B-4-3-2 produced higher yield (5.4 tlha) with 25 days old seed lings w1der normal irrigated condition.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Agronomical investigation on drought tolerant rice in mid-western Terai of Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Krishna Kumar Mishra
Pagination:	229-240 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Drought tolerant rice ; water scarcity
Abstract:	Drought is the major constraint to rice production in rain fed areas ofNepal. In the context of current and predicted water scarcity, increasing irrigation is generally not a viable option for alleviating drought problems in rain fed rice-growing systems. It is therefore important that agronomic and genetic management strategies should be followed for drought focusing on maximum extraction of available soil moisture and its efficient utilization in crop establishment and growth to maximize biomass and yield. A field experiment was conducted during rainy season of 2011 to 2012 at Regional Agriculture Research Station, Nepalgunj with an objective to find out the nutrients requirement of rice and the interaction effect between nutrient and genotypes. Similarly, age of seedlings experiment with an objective of studying the genotype effect, age of seedling effect and their interaction effect in drought tolerant genotypes of rice was conducted. The trust was given to select genotypes with different age of seedlings which perform well under a range of transplanting condition. The yield differences recorded on different treatments in nutrient management. Grain yield obtained at 90: 60 : 40 kg N, P205 and K20 /ha was statistically significantly superior over control and 45 :30:20 kg N, P205 and K20 /ha. Interaction effect of different nutrients levels and genotypes on grain yield was found significant, Rice genotypes impacted grain yield when averaged over the nutrient Level. IR83388-B-B-108-3 (4360kg/ha) produced the highest mean grain yield followed by, IR83383-B-B-129-4 (4278kg/ha) and IR83383-B-B-129-3 (4185kg/ha). Age of seedling impacted rice grain yield significantly, The overall mean grain yields obtained from different seedling age revealed a 61.83 kg/ha/day yield loss up to 35 days old seedling planting whereas 45 days old seedling planting caused 65 .29 kg/ha/day yield loss compare to 25 days old seedling transplanting. Similarly rice genotype impacted rice grain yield when averaged over the age of seedling. IR83383-B-B-129-3 produced the highest mean grain yield (4310 kglha) followed by IR83388-B-B-108-3(3843 kg/ha) and IR83383-B-B-129-4 (3 711 kg/ha) respectively. Rice genotypes interacted with seedling age in producing rice grain yields. Change either in seedling age or in rice genotypes would impact rice grain yields. IR82589-B-B-84-3 , IR80463-B-39-3 and Sukha Dhan 1 were stable genotypes in producing grain yields up to 35 days old seedling as no significant reduction in grain yield was seen but after 35 days, yield were reduced significantly in all genotypes.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Response of hybrid rice to different spacing and nitrogen levels under irrigated transplanted condition
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Pradeep Shah ; Mitali Sah, Author ; Anisur Rahman Ansari, Author
Pagination:	241-246 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Hybrid rice ; spacing nitrogen level grain yield irrigated
Abstract:	A field experiment was conducted at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Parwanipur, Bara, Nepal during summer seasons of 2011 and 2012 to assess the performance of hybrid rice under varying levels of spacing and nitrogen under irrigated transplanted condition. Nine treatment combinations of three spacings viz. 20 x 15, 20 x 20 and 20 x 25 em and three nitrogen levels i.e. 80, 120 and 160 kg N ha· 1 were laid out in factorial Randomized Complete Block Design, replicated thrice. The two years result revealed that spacing of 20 x 20 em and application of 160 kg ha·1 nitrogen recorded significantly higher grain and straw yield. The yield attributes viz. panicle length, spikelets panicle- 1 , 1000-grain weight, weight of grains panicle-1 and filled grains panicle·' varied significantly ampng the treatments. Likewise, application of 160 kg N ha·' recorded significantly higher plant height, dry matter and tiller planf1 • Spacing of20 x 25 em recorded higher plant height which was at par with 20 x 20 em. Biomass and tiller planf1 were significantly higher with spacing of20 x 25 em. Highest mean grain yield of 5.10 t ha· 1 was found in spacing of20 x 20 em and 5.33 t ha·1 in 160 kg N ha·' followed by 4.6 t ha-1 in spacing of20 x 25 em and 4.72 t ha- 1 in 120 kg N ha- 1 .
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Study on rice and CO2-C emission under differnt temperature regime in mid-hill conditon
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Ghanashyam Malla ; Gautam, Anand Kumar, Author ; Amit Timilsina, Author
Pagination:	247-249 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	CO2-C emission ; open top chamber (OTC) planting dates rainfall pattern
Abstract:	Elevated temperature and unusual rain is adversely affecting agricultural crops. Threats in the rice crop due to temperature rise are: change in crop phenology, physiology, grain yield and even crop success along with moisture and nutrient availability. An experiment was carried out in field and open top chamber (OTC) to study the response of rice variety (Khumal 4), C02-C emission under different temperature regime and different dates of transplanting (19th June, 29th June, 9th July) in 20 I 0 and 2012. Experiment showed that heading and maturity were 4-7 and I 0-12 days earlier in OTC .Average grain yield was higher by 9.2% in OTC. Higher average grain yield was recorded in 3'd date of planting under both conditions. Average daily temperature was 4-5°C higher in OTC. C02-C emission under OTC was nearly 24% higher compared to field, whereas organic carbon in OTC was lower compared to field. Thus, yield can be increased under elevated temperature and unusual rainfall with proper water management practices. Therefore, a strong monitoring system on climatic parameters and their impact on crop have to be regulated to increase rice crop production.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Effect of long term application of inorganic and organic fertilizers under rice rice wheat system in Bhairahawa, Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Nabin Rawal ; Janmejay Tripathi, Author ; Khim Thapa, Author
Pagination:	250-255 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	long-term fertility ; rice-rice-wheat system inorganic organic fertilizers
Abstract:	A long-tenn soil fertility experiment in rice-rice-wheat system has been conducted since 1978/79 at NWRP, Bhairahawa to evaluate the effect of long term application of fertilizer and manure on soil properties and crop yield of rice and wheat. The experiment was la id out in randomized complete block design with 9 treatments replicated 3 times. From 1990 onwards, periodic modifications have been made in all the treatments splitting the plots in tvto equal halves of 4 x 3 m2 leaving one half as original. In the original treatments, the recent data revealed that the use of FYM @10 t/ha gave significantly higher yield of 3.31 ton/ha in normal rice and the use of chemical fertilizer @I 00:30:30 NPK kg/ha gave significm1tly higher yield of 2.01 ton/ha in the early rice. Similarly, in the modified treatments, the recent data indicated that the use of FYM @ 10 t/ha along with inorganic N and K20 @50 kgha-1 produced significantly highest yield of 4.68 ton/ha in normal rice m1d 2.96 ton/ha in early rice. The control plot with an indigenous nutrient supply still supported rice yield of 920 kglha in normal season after 33rd year completion of rice-rice-wheat system. A sharp decline in rice yields was noted in minus P treatment during recent year in normal season rice whereas in early rice it was almost zero. This shows P is one of the most limiting factors in early rice. The fmdings showed that the productivity of the rice cm1 be increased and sustained by improving nutrient through the integrated use of organic and inorganic manures in long tenn in Nepal.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Long-term soil fertility managment on jute
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Thapa, Yub Raj ; Binod Kumar Gupta, Author ; Hari Narayan Mandal, Author
Pagination:	256-259 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Long-term soil fertility ; jute RCBD
Abstract:	Jute is tbre crop produce mainly in Eastern Terai Region of Nepal. Jute production and productivity almost stagnant since few years, one of the crucial input is nutrient management, this project emphasis nutrient management in long range for jute fibre production. The project was carried out at Jute Research Program, Itahari, Sunsari. It included ten treatments, repeated three times in RCBD. The project was based on jute-wheat cropping system which is the most dominant pattern i.n the locality. In 2010/011 , highest 2.97 ton ha- 1 jute fibre was produced in treatment when supplied five tons ba-1 farm yard manure (FYM) plus back produced biomass (except fibre), similarly 2.33 tons ha- 1 fibre was produced in supplied 20:10:20 NPK kg ha- 1 plus five tons ha-1 FYM treatment, wheat grai.n yield recorded highest (two tons ha-1 ) when applied 20: I 0:20 NPK kg ha-1 plus back produced biomass in to the soil. Where as in 2011/012 highest 4.45 tons ha- 1 fibre was produced in nutrients supplied with 60:30:60 NPK kg ha- 1 treatment, same as 4.32 tons ha-1 jute fibre was produced in 40:20:40 NPK kg ha- 1 treatment.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Enhancing maize (Zea mays L.) productivity through soil acidity managment in Chitwan valley soils
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Bishnu Hari Adhikary ; Bandhu Raj Baral, Author ; Jeeban Shrestha, Author ; Chitra Bahadur Kunwar, Author ; Robinson Adhikary, Author
Pagination:	260-265 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Agriculture lime ; green-manuring oil-cakes soil acidification and zea mays
Abstract:	Acidification of so il is one of the major factors contributing soi l fertility decline in most of the arable land in the hills and terai of Nepal. It does not only limit the nutri ent availabili ty but also limit the maize (Zea mays L.) production and plant growth resulting low or reduced crop y ields if not ameliorated. Soil acidity correction measures need to be employed for increased maize productivity in the problem so il s. To evaluate the effects of different practices employed in soi l ac idity correction, experiments were conducted during the years 20 I 0 and 2011 in NMRP, Ram pur on the hybrid maize (Across -9944 x Across- 9942 in) and Across- 9331 variety by us ing eight different treatments (control, agriculture-lime, compost , urea-N, ammonium sulphate-N, poultry manu·re, ex-situ green- manuring and oil-cakes). The plot size was 12sq.m . (4 m x 3 m). The experiment was la id-out in a randomized compl ete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Soil samples were collected befo re crop pl anting and after harvest for so il pH and nutrient analysis. Growth and yield parameters were recorded and analysed statistica lly. The results revea led that high ly significant effect of treatments on the crop yields were observed in both years . Highest grain y ield (6.57 t ha- 1 ) in the 1 sr year when the crop was fertilized by oil-cakes at I 0 t ha- 1 where as in the following year the highest gra in yie ld (5.37 t ha- 1 ) was produced by poultry manures at 10 t ha-1 • Appl ication of oil-cakes at 1 t ha-1 in the 2"0 year produced only 3.84 t ha- 1 of gra ins . Two years mean grain yield result indicated a sharp response of treatments on the grain production of maize over the non-treated crop. The highest grain yie ld (5.2 t ha- 1 ) was produced when the crop was supplied with oil-cakes followed by poultry manures which produced the mean grain yield of 4.49 t ha-1 . Lowest grain yield (1.8 t ha- 1 ) was produced by non-treated crop (control plot).Application of agriculture-lime, compost, oil-cakes and green-manuring help decrease the soil acidity to some extent. It can be concluded that farmers are suggested to apply organic sources of fertilization along with agriculture-lime for increased maize productivity.This paper highlights and discuss the results of the soil acidity management practices in detail.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	A review on Azolla production and utilization in rice farming in Nepal
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Bishnu Hari Adhikary ; Manoj Kumar Thakur, Author ; Santosh Neupane, Author ; Robinson Adhikary, Author
Pagination:	266-276 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Anabaena azollae ; Azolla fern bio-fertilizer nitrogen fixation
Abstract:	AzaLia ferns, aquatic floating plants, are used as green manure (bio-fertili zer) for increasing rice yields. The recommended dose of chemical-nitrogen (urea-N) can be reduced when Azolla are applied to the paddy field . Azalia is very important to those rice growing areas where urea-N is not avai lable or too expensive. Evidences show that application of Azolla-N alone or in combination with chemical-N could help increase rice grain y ields. Recentl y, Azolla has been utilized as natural source of nitrogen (N) to the flooded rice because it fixes atmospheric dinitrogen (N2) with the help of Anabaena azollae (cynobacterium). An average production of 610 kg per hectare per day of fresh Azolla biomass and as low as 1.3 kg per hectare per day of nitrogen (N) could be produced by Azolla species which indicated high potentiality of the Azolla for its use in rice (Oriza sativa L) production. Dual cropping of Azolla was found effective than monocropped Azolla. Azalia growth rate and biomass production, and nitrogen fixation rate was greatly influenced and increased by the application of phosphorus (P20 5) to the Azolla . Development of better nitrogen producing species of Azolla and stress tolerant varieties need further research for its maximum exploitation and use in agriculture production.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Response of nutrients on jute fiber production
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Thapa, Yub Raj ; Binod Kumar Gupta, Author ; Hari Narayan Mandal, Author
Pagination:	277-280 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	nutreints ; fiber organic matter
Abstract:	Jute is grown mainly eastern terai region ofMechi and Koshi zone (especially Jhapa, Morang, and sunsari districts). Jute research work is responsible of jute research program, Itahari, Sunsari. Jute fiber production is influence by nutrients management. A research was conducted at JRP (Jute Research Program) for nutrients management. Ten treatments were repeated three times. The soil type was loamy sand, acidic (pH 5.5), low in organic matter (OM) content and rain fed condition. The jute fibre production in 2010/011 (3 .47 tons!ha) in 40:20:40 NPK kg ha·' plus two tons/ha agric. Lime supplied treatment, similarly 3.33 tons/ha fiber was produced in 80:20:40 NPK kg ha·' supplied treatment, where as in 20 ll/0 12 fibre yield was highest (3.53 tons ha- 1 ) in the treatment supplied 80:20:40 kg ha·' NPK plus 2 tons ha·' agric. Lime. Therefore it indicate that nitrogen nutrient is more responsible for fibre yield increase, similarly agric. Lime helpful for fiber production in acidic soil.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Evaluation of rice genotypes against bacterial leaf blight and blast
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Purushottam Jha ; Surya Narayan Sah, Author ; Ram Baran Yadaw, Author ; Ram Baran Yadav, Author ; Anand Mandal, Author ; Dev Kumar Saphi, Author
Pagination:	281-291 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	BLB Resistant Moderately resistant ; Susceptible and highly susceptible
Abstract:	A total of 354 rice lines in 2009 and 261 lines in 20 I 0 with a diverse genetic background were evaluated for resistance to bacterial leaf blight over locations. Disease severity ranged from 0 to 9 in both the years. Bacterial leaf blight reactions in different genotypes were differed in locations. During 2009, 263 genotypes were scored resistant (R) and 90 genotypes moderately resistant (MR) and one susceptible at Parwanipur. Similarly, 244 genotypes were scored resistant, 129 moderately resistant, one lines highly susceptible at Hardinath. Likewise, 193 genotypes scored resistant, Ill moderately resistant 39 were susceptible at Bhairahawa. During 2010,107 genotypes scored resistant, 122 moderately resistant (MR), 33 lines moderately susceptible (MS) and 2 lines susceptible at Hardinath. Similarly, in 20 I 0, 159 lines scored resistant, 50 moderately resistant (MR) and 23 moderately susceptible at Parwanipur. This showed that there was prevalence of variable pathotypes over locations and thus, genotypes need to be tested over locations to identify donor parents and resistant genotypes for recommendation. Similarly, A total of 242 rice lines in 2009 and 261 lines in 20 I 0 with a diverse genetic background were evaluated for resistance to blast disease over locations. Disease severity ranged from 0 to 9 in both the years. Blast reactions in genotypes were differed in all locations. During 2009, 242 genotypes were scored immune, 27 resistant (R) and 28 genotypes moderately resistant (MR), at Parwanipur. Similarly, 2 genotypes were scored as 2 immune, 217 resistant, 9 moderately resistant, 7 highly susceptible at Nawalpur. Likewise, genotypes were found as 78 resistant, 97 moderately resistant, 36 susceptible at Hardinath. During 20 I 0, genotypes were found as 33resistant, 151 moderately resistant, 56 lines moderately susceptible (MS) and 9 lines susceptible at Hardinath. Similarly in 20 I 0, 261 lines scored resistant, I moderately resistant and 2 highly susceptible at Parwanipur. This showed that there was prevalence of variable pathotypes over locations and thus, genotypes need to be tested over locations to identify donor parents and resistant genotypes for recommendation.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Evaluation of groundnut genotypes for cercospora leaf spot and rust resistance
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Prasad, Ram Chandrika ; Arjun Sah, Author ; Sarala Joshi, Author ; Gopal Parajuli, Author ; Ram Devi Timila, Author
Pagination:	292-297 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Disease ; Pathogen Variety and yield
Abstract:	In order to identify the sources of resistance 111 and 124 groundnut genotypes received from national as well as international institutions were eva luated in the experiment under field condition during two consecutive season 2011 and 2012 in a rod-row design with a plot size of 2 rows of 3m long with susceptib le check providing artificial in oculation at NORP Nawalpur among them, even not a si ngle genotype showed resistant reaction to early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidico!a) and late leaf spot (Cercospora personata)in both test years in the crop however, ICGV-05200, ICGV-06188, ICGV-96318, ICGV-99219, ICGV-00401 & ICGV -97047genotypes observed resistant to early leaf spot in both season while ICGV series 97325,95412, 97100, 99027,95416,98 184 & 91104 resistant to late leaf spot with superior from agronomical point of view in 2012 and ICGV series 00441, 06214, 06423 , 07220, 07222, 06424, 07219, 07228, 99029, 99046, 99050, 99053, 86 124 & 99219 found moderately resistant to early leaf spot and late leaf spot in all test season therefore, they might be used in hybridization program to develop new varieties of groundnut and some of them could be recommended for the purpose of general cultivat ion. Rust disease caused by Puccinia arachidis was not found problematic during the period.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Bacterial leaf blight of rice in mid and farwestern Nepal: Preliminary study of disease prevalance in farmers field
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Ram Bahadur Khadka ; Sharad Adhikari, Author ; Gopi Shrestha, Author
Pagination:	298-302 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Leaf Blight ; Disease Prevalance
Abstract:	Bacterial leaf blight is one of the major constraints for rice production in mid and far-western Nepal. Tn case of high intensity, it may cause significant loss in the yield of rice. There is little knowledge about the diversity, pathogenicity and epidemiology of bacterial leaf blight ofrice i.n the regions. A sampling and disease survey were undertaken to identify the incidence of bacterial leaf blight in farmer's field in Banke, Bardiya, Dang and Kail ali districts in main rice growing season of2012. According to survey result, Bindeshowari, Local manshuli, Indrasan , Kalanamak and Sarju # 52 varieties of rice had remarkably higher disease incidence (42.5, 34.66, 85, 65. 73.75%, respectively) at Narayanpur, Dang; Mainpokhar and Beluwa of Bardiya; Khurd Khajura, Banke and Chuba, Manuwa, Partapur and Janakinagar of Kailali district, respectively. Low disease incidence (3.66 and 11 .83%, respectively) were observed in Sabitri and Radha4 varieties of rice at Mainapokhar, Motipur, Kalika and Beluwa of Baridya district; Urhari and Narayanpur of Dang; Makawanpur, Radha 4 and Sabitri varieties at Rajapur, Bardiya, Sukha Dhan 1 and Sukha Dhan 2 at Khurd Kahjura Banke. The survey reveal ed that there is very low awareness among farmers about impact of bacterial leaf blight disease in rice production. Among the surveyed areas only farmers of Narayanpur, Dang; Beluwa, Bardiya; and Rainiyapur, Banke district were found to be more serious to disease management whereas at other places the farmers did not show any interest to disease management. The results obtained in this initial study shows potential research scope and future research thrust on bacterial leaf blight management in mid and far western Nepal.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Evaluation of rice genotypes for resistance to sheath blight under field contions
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Bedanand Chaudhary ; Nabin Kumar Dangal, Author ; Parbati Joshi, Author ; Sudeep Kumar Upadhyay, Author
Pagination:	303-312 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Genotypes ; resistance field conditions sheath blight
Abstract:	Sheath blight of rice, caused by Rhizoctonia sol ani, is one of the most important rice diseases worldwide; however, no rice cultivar has been found to be completely resistant to this fungus . Resistance of rice to sheath blight is quantitative, and involves two mechanisms: physiological resistance and disease escape. Disease escape is mainly governed by plant structure or plant morphology and physiologically resistance genotypes may exhibit disease in the field conditions. Therefore, field screening experiments were conducted to address morphological resistance (disease escape) in rice to sheath blight during the 2011 and 2012 wet season at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tarahara. A total of28 in 2011 and 174 rice genotypes in 2012 were tested for morphological resistance. The susceptible hill (Swama) of 56 day old plants was inoculated with infected pieces of rice stem. Number of infected tillers of test entries was recorded on 14 days after inoculation and continued for three scorings in both years at 7 day-intervals. During 20 11 disease incidence and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) varied significantly among the tested rice genotypes. The varieties Tetep and lAC 165 had the lowest and highest terminal disease incidence and AUDPC, respectively. Sabitri, MTU 1010 and IR 26 also recorded lower AUDPC values. During 2012, rice genotypes varied for disease incidence from 0.0 to 50%. Disease incidence progressed fast in some entries especially in quality rice. In the first scoring, 24 entries were disease free (DF) and 32 were moderately resistant (MR). Out of 174 entries, 109, 8 and l lines were moderately susceptible (MS), Susceptible (S) and highly susceptible (HS), respectively. In the second scoring, 48, 26, 86 and 14 lines were DF, MR, MS and S, respectively, to the disease. In the final scoring, IR 79913 -B-1 76-B-4, NR 1887-8-1-1-2, IR79907-B-425-B-3 , IR 83381-B-B-7-1 and IR 87751 -20-4-4-2 were disease free. Out of 174, 29 genotypes were MR; similarly, 128, 11 and I were MS, S and HS to the disease, respectively. Based on AUDPC values, 5 genotypes were grouped as DF, 67 as MR, 92 as MS and 10 as S, respectively. More number of entries scored disease free in the second scoring than that in the ftrst one. This was because separate hills were considered for scoring in the different dates. Thus, the result showed that the disease incidence in rice genotypes differed depending on microclimate conditions of the plants
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Evaluation of rice genotypes against bacterial leaf blight under field conditions
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Bedanand Chaudhary ; Nabin Kumar Dangal, Author ; Parbati Joshi, Author ; Ang Tenjing Sherpa, Author
Pagination:	313-318 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Disease severity ; Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Genotype Resistant and Susceptible
Abstract:	Bacterial Leaf blight (BLB) of rice; caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, is one of the most important diseases of rice in the eastern terai ofNepal. A field screening experiment was conducted to identify the resistance in rice to the disease during 2011 and 2012 wet season at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tarahara. A total of 134 (OBN-71 , RA VTRL-26, RA VTN -21 , Quality-16) rice genotypes were evaluated for resistance in both the years. Each entry was planted in 2 rows of 2m length. Susceptible variety of rice (purple) was planted at an interval of every 10 entries. The pathogen was inoculated in all entries at 56 days after transplanting using Kauffmans clipping method. The disease was scored at 21 days after inoculation and continued for three scorings at 7 days interval using 0-9 scale. Severity of the disease varied significantly among the tested rice genotypes in both years. Level of disease severity was higher in most entries in 2012 than 2011 . Disease severity varied 11 to 100%. None of the genotypes were free from the disease. Out of 134 genotypes, 34 genotypes were moderately resistant to BLB disease during both the years which were IR09F 146, IR09F 166, IR09Fl72, IR09F174, IR09Fl89, IR09Fll3, IR09Fl17, IR09Fl43, IR09Fl47, IR09Fl58, IR09Fl77, IR09F229, CH-2, IR 80411-B-28-4, NR 1887-8-1-1-2, IR09Fl02, IR09F104, IR09F187, IR09Fl95, IR09Fl03, IR09F105, IR09F106, IR09FIIO, IR09Fl23, IR09Fl78, IR09F221 , IR09F226, IR09F283 , IR09F293, Sura vi, Sipi 5920-333 , Tarahara-1, Swarna and Swam a sub-1. Altogether 96 genotypes were moderately resistant during 2011 which decreased to 36 in 2012. Similarly, 16 genotypes were moderately susceptible during 2011 which increased to 55 in 2012. There were no highly susceptible genotypes during 2011 , but 32 genotypes became highly susceptible during 2012. Higher level of BLB disease was observed in 2012 than 2011. IR 78937-B-B-B-B-1, IR 79913-B-176-B-4, IR 80973-B-186- 41-2, IR 70210-39-CPA7-1-1-4-2 were moderately resistant in 2011 but became highly susceptible in 2012. BRRI Dhan-38, Mahima, IR70422-95-J-l , IR74052-95-3-3, Hardinath-2, BASMATI 10 I were moderately susceptible during 2011 but became highly susceptible during 2012. Similarly, IR 82635-B-B-47-2, Lalka basmati, IR 74371-54-1-1 , IR 86815-23-4- 1-2 and JH 15-1-1-1 were highly susceptible during 2012. Disease severity increased in second and third scoring in all entries.
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Validation of farmers indigenous knowledge to manage mungbean yellow mosaic virus in blackgram
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Dhana Bahadur Gharti ; Subash Subedi, Author ; Tek Nath Ghimire, Author
Pagination:	319-322 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Gemini virus, farmers' indigenous knowledge, Bemisia tabaci, Ageratum spp
Abstract:	This study was undertaken at Grain Legume Research Program, Rampur during 2067/068(2010/1 I) and 2068/069 (2011 / 12) with a view to validate farmers' indigenous knowledge on Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus disease management in blackgram. During 2067/068 six treatments viz. cow's milk spray, seed priming, cow's urine spray, mohi spray, turmeric powder suspension spray and control were tested. Tn the fiscal year 2068/069 the treatments were modified as cow's milk spray, seed priming with sodium molybdate , cow's urine spray, spray of extract of mixture of botanicals and control. Weed host of the virusAgeratum spp and whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Glenn) vector populations were found abundant in both the years. Blackgram genotype used in the first year was BLG 0003-2-l (moderately tolerant to MYMV) and Chanpbas Local (highly susceptible to MYMV) in the second year. None of the treatments were statistically significant to manage MYMV in both the years. However, cow's milk spray reduced disease severity, increased hundred seed weight and improved grain yield during 2067/068 and spray of leaf extract of mixture of botanicals reduced disease severity and increased grain yield to some extent in the second year. Disease severity was less in the first year due to the use of moderately tolerant genotype and very high during the second year because of the use of highly susce ptible cultivar. Since the virus is vector borne and there is abundance of alternate and collateral hosts in terai and inner terai use of resistant/ tolerant varieties, vector control and removal of alternate and collateral hosts are some of the possible ways to manage MYMV in blackgram, soybean and mungbean
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in Proceedings of the 27th National Summer Crops Workshop, held at Rampur, Chitawan, 18-20 April 2013, Vol. I / Giri, Y.P.

Title :	Evaluation of rice genotypes against blast disease under field condition
Material Type:	printed text
Authors:	Nabin Kumar Dangal ; Bedanand Chaudhary, Author ; Parbati Joshi, Author ; Ang Tenjing Sherpa, Author
Pagination:	323-330 p.
Languages :	English (eng)
Keywords:	Pyricularia grise a, genotype, disease severity, leaf blast and resist~ce
Abstract:	Blast of rice, caused by Pyricularia grisea, is one of the most important diseases of rice in Nepal. It has been causing significant yield loss in all rice growing areas. A field screening experiment was conducted to identify resistance in rice to the disease during 2011 and 2012 wet season at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tarahara. A total of 134 (OBN -70, RA VTRL-26, RA VTN-22 and Quality-16) rice genotypes were evaluated for resistance in both the years. atural spread of the pathogen in the test lines was allowed from border lines I inoculums rows planted around the nursery with mixture of susceptible varieties (i.e. Mansuli and Sankharika). Conducive environment for blast development was created by planting four rows of Sesbania eculeata around the experimental plot 35 days prior to seeding of test genotypes. Scoring was done on 22 days after seeding and continued for three scorings at 7 days interval using 0-9 scale developed by IRRI. Area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) varied significantly among the tested rice genotypes in both years. Disease severity varied 0 to 77.77%. Out of 134 entries, 58 entries were resistant to the disease during 2011 and 63 in 2012. Among them, IR09Fl12, IR09Fl20, IR09Fl27, IR09F158, IR09Fl66, IR09Fl74, IR09F 178, TR09F226, IR09F229, IR09F236, IR09F238, R09F253, IR09F293, IR-64-Sub-1, IRRI-119, lET 14846, WAS 202-B-B-13 , IR 75299-94-1-2-2, IR 73007-131-1-2-2, 1R 70215- 70-CPA3-4-1-3, IR 80411-B-28-4, IR 79913-B-176-B-4, IR 78937-B-20-B-B-4, BR 4363-3- 8-1-2-4(BR-32), Basundhara, Tarahara-1, Hardinath-2, Sura vi and Mahima were free from blast in both the years. The number of moderately resistant (3 -4), moderately susceptible (5 -6) and highly susceptible (7-9) genotypes was 43, 9 and 2 in 2011 and 54, 3 and 1 in 2012, respectively. Disease severity increased in second and third scorings in all entries except the resistant ones. IR09Fll0, NR 1887-8-1-1-2 and Kanchhi masuli were highly susceptible to blast with the highest disease score (7) which were completely knocked down in the final scoring.
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